等通道转角挤压中摩擦影响的数值模拟

采用大型商用有限元软件ANSYS对等通道转角挤压(Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP)过程进行数值模拟,得到了ECAP变形过程中的等效应变和等效应力分布规律,分析了摩擦对ECAP变形的影响.结果表明,当模具转角φ＝90°、ψ＝0°时,与无摩擦情况相比,摩擦的存在使与模具接触的试样底部金属发生较大的变形,使等效应变和等效应力分布不均;最大等效应变主要分布在试样的底部,最大等效应力主要分布在转角处且比无摩擦时的分布区域有所扩张.同时,无摩擦时,试样与模具外转角处产生"间隙";存在摩擦时,随着摩擦的增大这种"间隙"逐渐减小甚至会消失.     

等通道转角挤压过程有限元模拟

等通道转角挤压是一种新的制备超细晶粒材料的技术。对于工业纯铝材料的等通道转角挤压过程 ,采用有限元技术进行模拟 ,分析了挤压过程中材料的应力和应变并对不同摩擦条件下的挤压变形情况进行了分析 ,将有限元分析结果与实际网格变形进行了比较 ,两者结果基本吻合     

等通道转角挤压工艺有限元分析

用SOLIDWORKS建立等通道转角挤压(ECAP)的几何模型，用有限元软件DEFORM-3D划不同摩擦系数、不同冲头速度时的挤压过程进行了模拟、获得了相应的应变场以及载荷行程曲线，得到了模具的应力分布。模拟结果表明：变形区域集中在两个通道的相交部分；等效应变速率与冲头的运动速度成正比：摩擦系数对应变的分布和变形载荷有较大影响：在一定的摩擦条件下，完成ECAP所需的变形抗力与材料流动应力成线性关系；当通道表面粗糙度Ra为1.6μm时，模具危险点工作应力不会超过变形体流动应力的4.5倍。     

MB15合金等通道转角挤压组织模拟和实验分析

采用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)对MB15合金试样进行挤压,利用有限元软件DEFORM-3D进行ECAP晶粒组织模拟,探索采用有限元模拟与实验分析相结合的方法,研究镁合金ECAP成形过程的晶粒组织变化规律。模拟结果表明:数值模拟后试样从头部P1处、中部P2处到尾部P3处的晶粒组织细化程度明显减小,平均晶粒尺寸从初始的13.32μm减小到2.3~3.1μm;采用ECAP方法进行一道次挤压,试样的平均晶粒尺寸从13.32μm减小到2.2μm。对比数值模拟与实验分析结果表明:两者在晶粒细化程度上吻合良好。     

纯钛连续等径通道转角挤压的有限元模拟

等通道转角挤压(Equal Channel Angular Pressing,ECAP)是一种制备超细晶材料的加工方法.利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件及网格再划分对纯钛的连续等通道转角挤压变形的Bc和C方式进行了三维的计算机有限元模拟,得到了应力应变分布规律和挤压力一位移曲线.结果表明,Bc方式在1、3、4道次挤压后纯钛试样的塑性应变梯度比C方式更小,而最大的压力是2道次.     

纯铝粉末多孔材料等通道转角挤压数值模拟及实验

采用体积可压缩刚粘塑性有限元法,对纯铝粉末多孔烧结材料的等通道转角挤压过程进行数值模拟,获得了挤压过程试件内部变形场、静水应力场及相对密度场的分布。研究结果表明,等通道转角挤压对粉末多孔材料具有强烈的致密效果。分析认为,挤压过程所提供的高静水压力状态和大剪切变形,是孔隙得以有效焊合的关键。对纯铝粉末烧结材料进行的实验结果表明,试样经过一次挤压后,主要变形区组织剪切变形特征明显,内部的孔隙基本闭合,组织明显细化,材料的力学性能显著提高。     

65Mn钢的等通道转角挤压变形

研究了65Mn钢的等通道转角挤压(ECAP)变形，C方式650C下ECAP变形中，65Mn钢中的渗碳体以周期性弯曲变形、周期性剪切变形、剪切断裂等形式协调ECAP的强烈塑性变形。ECAP使65Mn钢中的渗碳体可以表现出很强的塑性变形能力-观察到最大切变形达到1．9的等效真应变。由于渗碳体的强烈塑性变形，在其内部导入了大量的晶体缺陷甚至亚晶界，为后来渗碳体的加速溶解和球化打下了基础。     

等通道转角多道次挤压有限元模拟

等通道转角挤压(Equal Channel Angular Pressing,ECAP)是一种制备超细晶材料的新工艺.工艺路径的选择对试样的应变分布均匀性有重要的影响.利用非线性有限元软件MSC.Marc对等通道转角多道次挤压过程进行了模拟计算.通过对ECAP中试样沿A路径和C路径6道次挤压的模拟,获得了A路径和C路径等效应变分布规律.结果表明,试样沿C路径的等效应变要比沿A路径更均匀,但C路径对试样端部等效应变的累积效果不如A路径;试样沿A、C两种路径每道次最大挤压力逐渐增加,大小基本相同.     

7050铝合金等通道多转角挤压过程的三维有限元模拟

对7050铝合金等通道多次转角挤压（equal-channel angular pressing,简称ECAP）过程中的变形行为进行三维有限元模拟,并研究了挤压过程中等效应变的演化以及载荷．位移曲线变化。为开发多道次ECAP工艺的模具设计、工艺参数提供理论指导依据。     

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)工艺的研究现状

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)是一种大塑形加工技术,可细化合金组织,改善性能,提高材料的成形性.本文概述ECAP法的基本原理、剪切模式与变形规律,分析摩擦因素对变形的影响,综述中国在ECAP合金组织、性能方面的一些研究成果.     

铜铝复合板等通道转角挤压模具设计及数值模拟

为了深入研究通过挤压成形制备铜铝复合板的工艺方法,利用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)方法工艺与设备简单的优点,设计了一套可拆卸、可更换模具转角的实验模具方案。利用HyperXtrude对铜铝复合板的等通道转角挤压过程进行数值模拟,分别选取模具转角为0°,15°,30°,45°和60°的5组方案进行了模拟与分析,对铜铝复合板在等通道转角挤压过程中的压力、应力场张量、速度场分布进行了探讨。结果表明:转角从0°变化至60°,压力从186.1 MPa下降至141.5 MPa;当转角为45°时,金属流动速度最为均匀。     

3D finite element method analysis of deformation and temperature rise during equal-channel angular pressing

The material flow, temperature rise of the billet and pressing load during equal-channel angular process （ECAP） were studied by using 3D finite element method for Cu at different comer angle of mold, interfacial friction coefficient between the billet and the mold. As comer angle increases, the magnitude of shear deformation decreases and the strain difference between upper and lower part of the material becomes more apparent. The pressing load and peak temperature rise of the billet become low as the interracial friction coefficient decreases. The effects of the comer angle of mold on the temperature rise of the billet can be ignored, but the effects of the friction coefficient between the mold and the billet must be taken into account. For pressing load, the effect of the friction coefficient is larger than that of the comer angle. A good agreement between the simulated and measured material flow is obtained.     

Factors influencing microstructural development in equal-channel angular pressing

Processing through the imposition of severe plastic deformation (SPD) provides an opportunity for achieving very significant grain refinement in bulk materials. Although different SPD procedures are available, the process of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is especially attractive because it can be scaled easily to produce relatively large samples. This paper describes the principles of ECAP processing and demonstrates the potential for achieving unusual mechanical properties in the samples subjected to ECAP. Special emphasis is placed on the possibility of attaining a high strain rate superplastic forming capability in the as-pressed materials: examples are presented for an Al−Mg−Sc alloy prepared in the laboratory by casting and for a commercial Al-2024 alloy. This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,” organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002.     

Effect of equal-channel angular pressing on pitting corrosion resistance of anodized aluminum-copper alloy

The effect of equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP) on the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Cu alloy was investigated by electrochemical techniques in a solution containing 0.2 mol/L AlCl₃ and also by surface analysis. Anodizing was conducted for 20 min at 200 and 400 A/m² in a solution containing 1.53 mol/L H₂SO₄ and 0.018 5 mol/L Al₂(SO₄)₃·16H₂O at 20 °C. Anodized Al-Cu alloy was immediately dipped in boiling water for 20 min to seal the micro pores present in anodic oxide films. The time required before initiating pitting corrosion of anodized Al-Cu alloy is longer with ECAP than without, indicating that ECAP process improves the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Cu alloy. Second phase precipitates such as Si, Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Cu-Si-Fe-Mn intermetallic compounds are present in Al-Cu alloy and the size of these precipitates is greatly decreased by application of ECAP. Al-Cu-Mg intermetallic compounds are dissolved during anodization, whereas the precipitates composed of Si and Al-Cu-Si-Fe-Mn remain in anodic oxide films due to their more noble corrosion potential than Al. FE-SEM and EPMA observation reveal that the pitting corrosion of anodized Al-Cu alloy occurs preferentially around Al-Cu-Si-Fe-Mn intermetallic compounds, since the anodic oxide films are absent at the boundary between the normal oxide films and these impurity precipitates. The improvement of pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Cu alloy processed by ECAP appears to be attributed to a decrease in the size of precipitates, which act as origins of pitting corrosion.     

Observation of macroscopic shear band in aluminum-based alloy during equal-channel angular pressing

1　INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears ,bulkultrafine grained (UFG )materialsprocessedbymethodsofsevereplasticdefor mation (SPD)suchassevereplastictorsionstraining(SPTS)andequalchannelangularpressing (ECAP)haveattractedthe growinginterestofspecialistsinmaterialsscience[1] .Thisinterestisconditionedbyu niquephysicalandmechanicalproperties .Itisageneralobservationinmanyoftheindus trialformingprocessesthatplasticinstabilitydevelopsathighstrainlevels (generally >1.0oftruestrain) ,andshearbands ,or…     

Microstructure and tensile properties of ultrafine grained copper processed by equal-channel angular pressing

1. Introduction There has been an interest in the research of spe- cific microstructure and unique mechanical proper- ties in ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials [1]. Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) process has been successfully applied to obtain UFG structure in numerous metals and alloys [2-6]. However, there are some deficiencies on copper deformed to large shear strains. Ferrasse et al. [6] argued that intense simple shear promotes dynamic rotation recrystalli- zation during ECAP…     

Tensile properties of 2024 Al alloy processed by enhanced solid-solution and equal-channel angular pressing

Equal-channel angular pressing（ECAP） of an enhanced solid-solution treated 2024 Al alloy was successfully performed at room temperature, with an imposed equivalent normal strain of about 0.5. A very high hardness about HV191 and yield strength about 610 MPa （30% higher than those of the unECAPed 2024 Al alloy） in terms of commercial aluminum alloys were observed for the ECAPed 2024 Al alloy. In addition to the strengthening, this process allows the ECAPed 2024 Al alloy have a moderate level of tensile ductility （about 12.7%） and a significant strain hardening capability up to tensile failure. After aged at 373 K for 48 h, the ECAPed alloy increases its hardness （about HV201） and tensile ductility （about 14 %） further. The TEM results show that the ECAPed 2024 AI alloy presents a plate structure （about 50-100 nm） with high density of dislocation and additional thin plate （approximately 〈10 nm= inside. The XRD results show that the ECAP processing decreases the texture and increases the dislocation density of the alloy considerably. The theoretical calculations show that the increase of dislocation density resulting from ECAP processing makes a considerable contribution about 55.2 % for the improvement of yield strength.