一种制备r—Fe2O3薄膜的新方法

采用一种简单的新工艺分别在硅片和氧化铝陶瓷基片上制备了ｒ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜。该工艺分３步完成：首先利用Ｆｅ（ＮＯ２）３酒精溶液通过浸渍涂布工艺制备ａ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜，其次ａ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜在氢气流中、３２０￣３５０℃之间热处理３０ｍｉｎ被还原为Ｆｅ３Ｏ４薄膜，最后Ｆｅ３Ｏ４薄膜在空气中２５０℃左右热处理３０ｍｉｎ被氧化为ｒ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜。ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ分析结果表明该ｒ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜呈尖晶石物相和     

ZnxFe3—xO4的制备及性能

采用合适加剂在碱性溶液中制备了ＦｅＺｎ铁氧体，研究了其形成机理及磁性能，提出ＦｅＺｎ铁氧体的形成机理为：Ａｎ＾２＋＋２Ｆｅ＾３＋＋８０Ｈ＾－→ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４＋４Ｈ２Ｏ Ｆｅ＾２＋＋２Ｆｅ＾２＋＋８０Ｈ＾－→Ｆｅ３Ｏ４＋４Ｈ２Ｏ。     

一种制备γ－Fe_2O_3薄膜的新方法

采用一种简单的新工艺分别在硅片和氧化铝陶瓷基片上制备了γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜。该工艺分３步完成：首先利用Ｆｅ（ＮＯ＿３）＿３酒精溶液通过浸渍涂布工艺制备α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜，其次α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜在氢气流中、３２０～３５０℃之间热处理３０ｍｉｎ被还原为Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４薄膜，最后Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４薄膜在空气中２５０℃左右热处理３０ｍｉｎ被氧化为γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜。ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ分析结果表明该γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜呈尖晶石物相和自由取向，晶粒为针形，具有疏松多孔的微结构。     

纳米级Fe3O4对电磁波的吸收效能研究

研究了１０ｎｍ和１００ｎｍ两种粒度的Ｆｅ３Ｏ４在１￣１０００ＭＨｚ频率范围内的电磁波吸收效能。结果表明,随着频率的增加,纳米级Ｆｅ３Ｏ４的吸波能力逐渐增加,但１０ｎｍＦｅ３Ｏ４的吸波能力大于１００ｎｍ的吸波能力。且１０ｎｍＦｅ３Ｏ４的磁导率虚部（磁损耗）大于１００ｎｍＦｅ３Ｏ４的磁导率虚部,即纳米级Ｆｅ３Ｏ４的粒度越小,磁损耗越大,吸波效能越高。     

流态化CVD包硅的Fe3O4的氧化行为

采用流态化ＣＶＤ包硅技术制得了表面均匀包覆ＳｉＯ２的Ｆｅ３Ｏ４磁粉,对该包硅Ｆｅ３Ｏ４磁粉的氧化机理和动力学进行了研究,结果表明,氧化反应机理符合三维球对称对散模,氧化反应活化能随包硅量的增加而增加,流化ＣＶＤ包硅能提高Ｆｅ３Ｏ４磁粉的抗氧化作用在于粒子表面形成了均匀的ＳｉＯ２保护层。     

Fe3O4单分子层复合粒子的表征及化学稳定性

将Ｆｅ３Ｏ４纳米粒子与酞菁锰进行复合，制备并表征了ＭｎＰｃ－Ｆｅ３Ｏ４纳米复合粒子，研究了其化学稳定性。     

STUDY FOR MECHANICAL ALLOYING OF Fe─M BY MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY

将Ｆｅ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｃ５ＳｉＯ２Ａｌ２Ｏ３）混合物在Ａｒ中高能球磨５６ｇ后测量Ｍｏｓｂａｕｅｒ谱，结果表明，（Ｆｅ）２－（ＳｉＯ２）１仍为Ｆｅ和ＳｉＯ２的机械混合物：（Ｆｅ）６－（Ｃ）３已完全合金化，生成两种Ｆｅ３Ｃ；（Ｆｅ）２－（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）１则成为Ｆｅ（７３％），尖晶石型的ＦｅＡｌ２Ｏ４）２２％），ｑｑｎｔＦｅ的团聚族（５％）和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物。     

反应型纳米级磁核聚烯烃类磁性高分子材料的研究：Ⅲ.纳米级CrxFe3—x…

在磁性高分子材料的研究中，为了获得磁性能高、粒径小和稳定性好的纳米晶磁核，作者对ＣｒｘＦｅ３－ｘＯ４纳米晶磁性载体的制备和性能作了研究。通过化学共沉淀法制得的ＣｒｘＦｅ３－ｘＯ４纳米晶，具有２０－３０ｎｍ的粒径，比饱和磁化强度σｓ≥５０ｅｍｕ／ｇ，磁学性能Ｈｃ（矫顽力）近纯Ｆｅ３Ｏ４的３倍。     

某些氟化物的升华提纯 Ⅱ．ZrF_4和HfF_4的升华提纯

尽管升华方法在除去氧化物方面很有成效，但也必须注意ＺｒＦ４和ＨｆＦ４的水解温度和脱水温度．由于升华方法不能有效地除去象ＦｅＦ３等氟化物杂质．作者根据ＦｅＦ６３－，ＣｏＦ６３－是属于外轨道络合物，它们是不稳定的和容易离解出Ｆｅ３＋和ＣＯ３＋，同时ＦｅＺｒＦ６·６Ｈ２Ｏ也易于离解出Ｆｅ２＋，以致使（ＮＨ４）３ＺｒＦ７和（ＮＨ４）３ＨｆＦ７可以用ＤＤＴＣ－ＣＨＣｌ３，在ｐＨ３～３．５的有效萃取成为可能．在ＺｒＦ４－ＨｆＦ４的二元组分系统中，它们的升华、凝华过程是遵循图２的相平衡规律进行的．用ＸＲＤ检测升华产品，为无水单斜态的ＺｒＦ４或ＨｆＦ４晶体，用ＧＦＡＡＳ检测，升华前后Ｆｅ含量各自为０．８ｐｐｍ和０．５ｐｐｍ，批生产量２５０ｇ．     

反应型纳米级磁核聚烯烃类磁性高分子材料的研究Ⅲ．纳米级Cr_xFe_3－_xO_4磁性载体的制备和性能研究

在磁性高分子材料的研究中，为了获得磁性能高、粒径小和稳定性好的纳米晶磁核，作者对ＣｒｘＦｅ３－ｘＯ４纳米晶磁性载体的制备和性能作了研究。通过化学共沉淀法制得的ＣｒｘＦｅ３－ｘＯ４纳米晶，具有２０－３０ｎｍ的粒径，比饱和磁化强度σｓ≥５０ｅｍｕ／ｇ，磁学性能ＨＣ（矫顽力）近纯Ｆｅ３Ｏ４的３倍     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...