激光干涉接触式轴承表面轮廓综合测量

介绍了一种可用于测量滚动轴承曲面形貌的表面轮廓综合测量仪，在测量中应使杠杆处于平衡位置，以减小测量力；用衍射光栅干涉位移传感器作为位移测量系统代替传统的电感位移传感器；z向工作台采用粗、细两级驱动定位，利用步进电机驱动斜面导轨进行粗级定位以扩大量程，压电陶瓷做微位移驱动实现精密定位以提高测量精度。论述了该仪器的整体结构、测量原理、工作台的定位控制以及衍射光栅干涉信号的处理。     

扫描隧道显微镜微位移工作台的神经网络PID控制方法研究

提出了一种基于神经网络理论的微位移工作台控制方案。该工作台以压电陶瓷作为微位移驱动元件,对伺服电机大位移进行位移补偿。分析了压电陶瓷微位移驱动器的原理,建立了工作台的数学模型。神经网络PID控制器对工作台进行闭环控制,利用BP网络的自学习和自适应能力,实时调整网络加权值,改变PID控制器的控制系数,减小工作台的位移误差。采用专用的压电陶瓷驱动电源对工作台的位移进行了实验,相对于常规PID控制器,微位移为11.41 μm时的响应时间从1.5 s缩短到1 s,稳态位移误差从3.13％减小到1.05％,工作台的稳定性和定位精度得以提高,改善了扫描隧道显微镜的工作性能。     

大行程纳米级共平面二维精密工作台的研究

研究开发了一种大行程纳米级共运动平面二维工作台,该工作台采用宏/微两级驱动,宏驱动由滑动导轨、直流无刷电机、精密丝杠组成,微驱动由平行平板柔性铰链和压电陶瓷组成。对平行平板柔性铰链进行了力学分析,并推导计算了其固有频率。工作台移动范围为50mm×50mm,可实现5nm的运动分辨率。工作台在X、Y方向分别装有衍射光栅计量系统,宏微位移由同一套衍射光栅计量系统进行位移计量,计量系统的有效位移分辨率为2.3nm。该二维工作台具有通用化和小型化特点,可以用于微纳米表面的测量与微机电系统的控制与加工。     

基于PSD的微轮廓测量仪及其控制系统研究

涉及到一种基于PSD原理的高精度三维轮廓测量仪.X-Y工作台采用了宏驱动与微驱动相结合的工作方式.宏工作台采用步进电机驱动,进给精度达1微米;微工作台采用精密压电陶瓷驱动,进给精度最小可达1纳米.这样,使得X-Y测量步距达到1纳米的条件下,测量物件的尺寸范围可以扩大为20mm×20mm,不仅适合微小构件的精密测量,而且适合较大器件的精密测量,且X-Y方向的位移测量精度最小可达1纳米.Z方向位移传感器采用激光单点位置探测器PSD,Z轴方向的位移测量精度达10纳米.对微轮廓测量仪的控制系统作了程序设计,得到了较满意的效果.     

压电陶瓷驱动的铰链放大式微动工作台研究

研制了一种新的压电陶瓷驱动的铰链放大式微动工作台。介绍了该微动工作台的基本原理,利用原子力显微镜技术测定了压电陶瓷与铰链放大臂的微位移和微振动,确定了铰链机构的放大比及微动工作台的时间响应频率。结果表明,该微动工作台能以0.5μm～5μm的步长实现平稳的微位移,最大速度达到250μm/s。     

压电驱动超精密定位工作台的研究

研究、设计了一种压电式超精密微定位工作台。此工作台在伺服电机驱动的滚珠丝杠进给系统的基础上，采用压电陶瓷作为微位移驱动器，柔性铰链为导向机构，对工作台运动位置自动补偿，实现了超精密定位。文中对柔性铰链机构进行了合理的设计，以实现长行程超精密定位。压电陶瓷配合柔性铰链使用使工作台定位精度达到0．01μm，可满足精密、超精密加工需要。     

基于叠片式柔性铰链和压电陶瓷电动机的大行程直线驱动导轨设计

提出了一种叠片式柔性铰链导轨工作台,可以在保持柔性铰链微位移工作台高直线度的前提下,大幅度提高行程,同时还保持了柔性铰链微位移工作台无机械爬行现象的优点。采用压电陶瓷电动机作为叠片式柔性铰链工作台的驱动器,压电陶瓷电动机应用超声波驻波或行波驱动,具有定位精度高、行程大、频响高等优点,驱动分辨率可达20nm以下。     

新型二自由度微动工作台的设计和有限元分析

介绍了一种无耦合运动的二自由度微位移工作台,该结构便于微位移工作台尺寸的小型化。文中推导了工作台载荷与位移的关系式;采用有限元的方法对工作台三维模型进行仿真计算,得到该工作台对应于载荷的位移和应力值。有限元计算的结果和推导公式的计算结果相吻合。     

闭环控制的微动工作台设计

介绍了一种以弹性导轨为支承的平面三自由度微动工作台的原理、结构、设计计算方法及闭环控制的基本原理。采用电致伸缩微位移器驱动弹性导轨 ,电涡流传感器测量工作台的微位移 ,能可靠地保证微动工作台的运动精度 ,并使其结构简单、紧凑。     

三自由度微定位工作台的设计与特性分析

设计一种用于平面磨削主动控制的新型数控微定位工作台。该工作台采用三个安装在底座上的压电陶瓷 (PZT)驱动器驱动动平台 ,三个圆形凹槽弹性铰链构成的弹性环节实现对压电陶瓷驱动器的预紧。为了提高定位精度采用三个高精度的电容式位移传感器用来测量动平台的输出 ,从而形成闭环控制系统。采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对微定位工作台的静、动态特性进行了数值分析。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.