旋转超声磨削加工中影响磨具寿命的结构参数优化

为了提高陶瓷基零部件的旋转超声磨削加工精度,降低磨具磨损造成的加工误差,建立了超声振动磨具寿命与磨粒粒度、浓度、磨具内圆直径等结构参数间关系的数学模型,对影响超声振动磨具寿命的结构参数进行了优化.首先,基于响应曲面法,建立了青铜基超声振动磨具二阶寿命模型,通过Box-Behnken实验对超声振动磨具寿命模型进行了拟合.然后,通过有效性和显著性检验,验证了所建立的超声振动磨具寿命模型.最后,通过拟合影响因子与超声振动磨具寿命关系的响应曲面和等高线,分析了各因素对磨具寿命的交叉影响,并优化了磨具的结构参数.结果表明:当磨粒粒度为D98.85、浓度为77.36、磨具内圆直径为5.34 mm时,去除体积为9 600mm3、致密度为85％的Si3N4陶瓷材料后,磨具磨损量只有0.006 9 mm,显示优化后超声振动磨具寿命可以达到旋转超声精密磨削加工要求.     

旋转超声磨削装置的研制

在叙述旋转超声磨削技术的基本原理及其工艺特点的基础上,较系统地介绍了旋转超声磨削装置的设计。设计出的旋转超声磨削装置可通过其底座安装在适合的机床上,配合一定的控制设备,即可对ZrO_2、AL_2O_3等难加工材料进行旋转超声磨削加工。     

旋转超声磨削加工建模与仿真研究

旋转超声磨削加工结合超声加工和磨削加工的技术优势,在难加工零件的精密制造中具有较大应用潜力。根据旋转超声磨削加工机理,建立旋转超声磨削加工中材料去除体积和加工表面粗糙度的数值计算模型。基于MATLAB软件编写旋转超声磨削加工仿真程序,对材料去除体积、加工表面形貌和表面粗糙度进行仿真模拟,并探究不同加工参数对表面粗糙度和材料去除体积的影响规律。仿真结果表明：主轴转速与超声振动频率之比(n/f)对加工表面形貌和去除体积有决定性影响,n/f比值增大能够有效降低表面粗糙度和提升材料去除体积;详细探讨了磨粒直径、振幅等参数对旋转超声磨削加工表面形貌和去除体积的影响规律,并仿真模拟了参数优化前后的加工表面形貌。     

基于量纲分析法的旋转超声磨削钛合金刀具磨损数学模型

为提高钛合金零部件的旋转超声磨削加工精度,降低刀具磨损造成的加工误差,基于量纲分析和正交试验相结合的方法建立了旋转超声磨削钛合金刀具磨损数学模型,定量求解了旋转超声磨削钛合金中刀具磨损与加工工艺参数和刀具结构参数之间的非线性关系。对模型进行有效性和显著性检验,验证了所建模型的有效性。     

基于旋转超声的瓷砖磨边磨削力研究

针对传统瓷砖磨边中存在的工具损耗大、崩边严重,以及磨盘端面与工件平行时易对已加工表面造成二次破坏的问题,提出了一种磨盘端面与工件呈一定磨削角度的旋转超声磨边加工方法。利用搭建的旋转超声磨边试验装置和Kistler测力仪,对瓷砖与磨盘在不同磨削角与磨削高度时的磨削力变化情况进行了单因素试验研究,并用正交试验法研究了磨削角、磨削高度等试验变量对磨削力的影响程度。研究结果表明:磨削角对磨削力影响小,磨削高度对径向磨削力影响最为明显,各因素对磨削力的影响程度从大到小依次为进给速度、磨削深度、磨削高度、主轴转速、超声电流和磨削角。     

旋转超声加工技术现状及发展趋势

旋转超声加工是在传统超声加工的基础上结合磨料磨削加工的一种新型复合加工方式,具有加工速度快、加工精度高、加工质量好、刀具磨损小等优点,是解决硬脆材料加工的有效方法,具有比较广阔的应用前景。论文结合近年来旋转超声加工技术的发展状况,综述了旋转超声加工的应用现状以及未来发展的趋势。     

新型超声旋转磨削装置的研制

在叙述超声旋转磨削的基本原理及其工艺特点的基础上,介绍了超声旋转磨削装置的设计.设计出的超声旋转磨削装置可通过装置底座安装在适合的机床上,配合一定的控制设备,即可对ZrO2、Al2O3等难加工材料进行超声旋转磨削加工.     

超声振动辅助磨削加工表面质量的研究

为了提升难加工材料的表面质量,降低工件表面的损伤,对砂轮施加轴向超声振动,引入数学模型并基于MATLAB对工件表面质量进行仿真,结果表明:超声振动辅助磨削能明显提升工件表面加工质量,在一定的范围内,振动频率、幅值与主轴转速的增加可以优化表面质量,进给量与切削深度的增加会削弱超声振动的优化效果.     

超声振动辅助磨削加工智能控制技术研究

根据超声振动辅助磨削加工的特点,结合检测难易程度和实际需要,选择磨削力比作为输入。利用磨削力检测系统获得磨削力比实时数据,对采样结果进行分析处理。采用分级控制,分别控制超声功率和工件进给速度。将磨削力比的变化和变化率作为模糊控制器的输入,工件进给速度作为控制器的输出。根据模糊控制规则,利用Matlab提供的Simulink仿真模块,对超声振动辅助磨削加工模糊控制系统进行了动态仿真,仿真结果符合模糊策略,进给速度能够随着磨削力比的变化实现调整,从而避免产生磨削烧伤和颤振。     

一种新型旋转超声复合磨削头的研制

介绍了传统超声波加工和旋转超声波加工的基本原理及特点,以及超声波加工机床的基本结构和缺陷.重点介绍了一种机床附件,它安装在普通机床上便可进行旋转超声波加工,这种新型旋转超声复合磨削头弥补了超声波加工专用机床的缺陷,会大大促进硬脆材料及复合材料的发展.     

Investigation on the bonding strength patterns of ultrasonic vibration tools and influence on working performance during rotary ultrasonic grinding

During rotary ultrasonic grinding process, working performance of ultrasonic vibration tools varies according to the bonding patterns between diamond grit and bond. In order to understand the influence of ultrasonic vibration tools on working performance, bonding patterns and bonding strength of ceramic-bonded, iron-bonded, and bronze-bonded tools were investigated. Influence of bonding strength on cutting force, tool wear, surface quality, and edge breakout were studied, coupled with the characteristics of ultrasonic vibration tools. The results show that cutting force in Z axis and tool wear reduce with the increase of bonding strength while the surface quality and edge breakout become worse.     

氧化锆陶瓷材料的旋转超声加工

研究了用旋转超声加工的方法对氧化锆陶瓷材料进行磨削,探讨了旋转超声磨削的机理,并采用正交组合试验方法,进行了旋转超声磨削加工试验。通过试验探讨了工艺参数对表面粗糙度的影响,从而确定了一组最佳的磨削工艺参数。     

Si_3N_4陶瓷旋转超声磨削加工的表面摩擦特性

为了探索结构陶瓷材料在摩擦过程中表面形貌的变化规律及其对摩擦特性影响,分析了摩擦过程中材料的接触过程及力学关系,并对旋转超声磨削加工的Si3N4陶瓷试样开展了摩擦表面形貌、摩擦因数等特性的试验研究。首先根据接触特点和材料特性,基于分形理论推导出接触面总载荷计算公式,基于该公式建立了结构陶瓷摩擦因数分形模型。分析结果表明:当初始表面轮廓分形维数分别为1.4,1.45,1.5和1.55时,摩擦因数与摩擦后表面轮廓分形维数呈类似正态分布曲线。然后通过旋转超声磨削加工的Si3N4陶瓷试样面面接触摩擦试验,研究了摩擦后陶瓷材料表面微观形貌和摩擦因数变化规律,分析了各因素对摩擦因数的影响。试验结果表明:产生微观裂纹是Si3N4陶瓷摩擦后表面微观形貌的显著特点;温度值等于160℃是Si3N4陶瓷摩擦因数由下降转为上升的拐点;当施加载荷为360N和往复频率为80Hz时,摩擦因数最大。得到的结果为通过表面形貌控制提高结构陶瓷耐磨性能提供了技术支撑。     

Vibration characteristics and machining performance of a novel perforated ultrasonic vibration platform in the grinding of particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) is an advanced hybrid process for the precision machining of difficult-to-cut materials. The resonator is a critical part of the UVAG system. Its performance considerably influences the vibration amplitude and resonant frequency. In this work, a novel perforated ultrasonic vibration platform resonator was developed for UVAG. The holes were evenly arranged at the top and side surfaces of the vibration platform to improve the vibration characteristics. A modified apparent elasticity method (AEM) was proposed to reveal the influence of holes on the vibration mode. The performance of the vibration platform was evaluated by the vibration tests and UVAG experiments of particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites. Results indicate that the reasonable distribution of holes helps improve the resonant frequency and vibration mode. The modified AEM, the finite element method, and the vibration tests show a high degree of consistency for developing the perforated ultrasonic vibration platform with a maximum frequency error of 3%. The employment of ultrasonic vibration reduces the grinding force by 36% at most, thereby decreasing the machined surface defects, such as voids, cracks, and burnout.     

A frequency-domain grinding force model-based approach to evaluate the dynamic performance of high-speed grinding machine tools

This article provides an integrated approach to evaluate grinding machine's dynamic performance in speed range by examining both the manufacturing process and the machine tool. This approach considers the dynamic grinding force as a starting point. The dynamic change of the cutting depth in the grinding process is studied first. Then, based on the dynamic model of grinding process developed in previous studies, the dynamic forces of the manufacturing process are predicted. By analyzing the grinding force model in the frequency-domain and the frequency response function, the root mean square values of the machine vibration are calculated. The evaluation works by comparing the variation and trend of the vibration level. The proposed evaluation method is then applied to a physical grinding machine. The dynamic performance obtained from the experiment matches the predicted trend in the models. In addition, this method can be used to inspect and optimize the design of the machine's spindle system. For the grinding process that requires a high dynamic performance, this method also provides reference for the speed selection within all speed range.     

车刀智能化刃磨的理论研究与仿真分析

针对现有车刀刃磨方法的局限性,建立车刀各刀面刃磨数学模型,设计出刃磨装置,并进行仿真分析,通过车刀位姿调整,实现任意一个被刃磨刀面与砂轮的磨削平面重合,以获得最佳刃磨成形表面质量,最终为开发机床刀具刃磨中心奠定理论基础.     

Comparative analysis of chipping mechanics of float glass during rotary ultrasonic drilling and conventional drilling: For multi-shaped tools

Float glass has immense applications such as sensor glass, micro-processor glass and decorative glass; because of its exceptional wear resistance, chemical and thermal characteristics. Nevertheless, researchers are still bearing decisive issues, which affect its application. These issues are profile inaccuracy and chipping because of its poor machining characteristics and hence high precision machining. The objective of the present study is to condemn the chipping related hindrances while using multi-shaped diamond abrasive tools to create blind holes. The tools, which applied, are named as hollow abrasive tool, pinpointed conical tool, flat cylindrical tools and concave circular tool. The experimental trials were performed by rotary ultrasonic drilling (RUD) and CNC conventional drilling (CD). The actual industrial conditions and parameters were considered throughout the experimentation. Physics behind the formation of chipping on hole periphery by RUD and CD are revealed. In addition, individual mechanisms of multi-shape tools with respect to chipping are analyzed. The results show that RUD process has attained the smallest measurement of chip radial distance as compared to CD for all types of tool. Finally, the concave circular tool is found as the best tool particularly to get least chip radial distance during drilling i.e. 0.1145?mm.     

RB-SiC亚表面损伤检测及其旋转超声磨削亚表面损伤特征

分别采用截面抛光法(包括以硅片作陪衬与以聚酯作陪衬两种形式)和界面黏接法检测了反应烧结碳化硅(Reaction Bonded SiC,RB-SiC)旋转超声磨削加工的亚表面损伤。为确定其中的最佳检测形式,采用表面破碎层深度、最大破碎层深度、平均裂纹深度、最大裂纹深度4个亚表面损伤评价指标对两种方法分别检测到的RB-SiC旋转超声磨削亚表面损伤进行对比分析。结果显示:截面抛光法(硅片作陪衬)检测到的4个指标值依次为3.30μm、6.59μm、8.64μm、17.44μm;截面抛光法(聚酯作陪衬)检测到的4个指标值依次为5.71μm、14.33μm、15.36μm、54.82μm;而界面黏接法检测到的4个指标值依次为9.19μm、19.45μm、13.04μm、32.20μm。试验结果表明,截面抛光法(硅片作陪衬)检测的精度更高,检测的亚表面损伤更符合实际情况。最后,基于此方法,对旋转超声磨削RB-SiC材料的亚表面损伤特征进行了总结。     

超声磨削系统中圆锥形变幅杆的数值模拟及性能测试

由变幅杆大端直径、放大倍数、面积系数等已知条件,按照变幅杆设计理论对超声振动系统中的变幅杆进行设计;确定出其理论共振长度、小端直径、位移节点、放大系数、形状因数等参数。利用ANSYS进行建模,并对变幅杆振动性能进行数值模拟分析以确定其合理性。最后对该变幅杆振动性能进行试验测试分析。     

旋转行波超声电机性能提升技术进展

为推动旋转行波超声电机的发展及其在精密驱动领域的应用,综述了其性能提升技术研究进展并分析了现阶段尚且存在的技术问题。首先,从定子行波的合成、质点椭圆运动轨迹、接触界面的摩擦驱动等方面论述了传统旋转行波超声电机的运行机理。然后,从结构优化和新材料应用角度综述了旋转行波超声电机的发展及其局限性;从温升控制角度阐释了温度变化对超声电机性能的影响并介绍了现有解决方案;论述了变预压力对谐振频率漂移的耦合影响,并指出了目前研究存在的不足;从双行波驱动角度分析了超声电机发展过程中的重大突破,概况了其研究历程及可行的发展方向。最后,归纳了旋转行波超声电机亟待解决的技术难题,并建议了解决方案。