无零级衍射分量的高带宽离轴数字全息

提出了一种消除零级衍射分量对离轴数字全息影响的方法以提高离轴数字全息的有效空间带宽。该方法在大的物参光强比记录条件下,用预先记录的参考光强对全息图进行归一化,并做对数变换和一维离散希尔伯特变换去除零级衍射分量。然后,通过指数变换恢复出物波光场,从而实现无零级衍射分量的高带宽离轴数字全息。从理论上对方法原理进行了分析,给出了基于有限脉冲响应的一维离散希尔伯特变换算法。最后,通过实验对本文方法进行了验证,并讨论了光强比对零级衍射分量抑制效果的影响。结果表明,无论零级与一级衍射谱是否发生混叠,当参考光强度比物光强度大5倍以上时,采用本文方法均可以有效去除零级衍射分量的影响。     

基于数字全息的单透镜表面轮廓检测

为了对光学元件的三维面型进行检测,提出了用数字全息的方法实现单透镜的非接触无损、高效率检测。首先构建了离轴透射式数字全息系统,采用角谱算法对数字全息图进行再现,然后采用HRO相减法消除零级衍射干扰像,提高全息图质量,利用最小二乘法对相位进行解包裹,进而获取透镜的三维轮廓信息。实验结果表明,数字全息技术能有效获取光学元件表面轮廓信息。     

光学全息的数字实现

研究光学全息的数字模拟,探讨数字全息的数字重构方法,以菲涅耳衍射积分的实现方法为基础,采用MATLAB软件实现菲涅耳全息图的数字记录和数字重构模拟,给出模拟结果.利用离散菲涅耳衍射积分方法完成数字全息图的数字重构.利用数字图像处理方法对所得的数字全息图进行适当滤波处理,有利于消除零级像和孪生像,获得清晰的数字再现像.引入全息变换,根据全息图的不可撕毁性,研究了全息变换在数字图像压缩中的应用,对给定的二值化图像实现压缩存储及解压缩处理.     

基于菲涅耳近似实现数字全息相位再现的误差分析及抑制

探讨了菲涅耳近似算法实现数字全息相位再现的误差及抑制技术.理论分析了基于菲涅耳近似算法实现全息相位再现所包含的误差项,计算机模拟了数字离轴全息图的记录和相位再现结果.在此基础上,模拟分析了离焦误差、数字再现光波误差及样本深度对相位再现的影响.针对记录参考光波和光学器件所引入的相位误差及其不定性,提出了利用相位相减全息图处理方法加以消除,并给出了实验结果加以验证.模拟分析结果表明,菲涅耳近似算法误差、离焦误差、数字再现光波倾斜误差、解包裹错误对相位再现结果都有不同程度的影响,相位相减全息图处理方法可以减小再现相位误差至0.4%.对记录过程、再现参数选择和处理方法都进行严格控制或适当选取,可得到高精度的再现结果.     

基于盲信号分离的复波恢复方法

本文提出一种基于盲信号分离的新的复波恢复方法.首先通过CCD获取同一物体的3幅干涉全息图构成观测信号,然后采用独立分量分析方法从观测信号中分离出只包含复波振幅和相位信息项,有效抑制了零级项,最后用该方法实现了一个纯位相波阵面.实验结果表明,该方法能较好地恢复原复波的振幅和相位信息,即使在频谱混叠情况下,也能有效恢复原复波信号.     

数字全息相位再现误差分析及抑制技术

为实现基于数字全息的三维轮廓测量,本文探讨了菲涅耳近似算法实现数字全息相位再现的误差及抑制技术。首先理论分析了基于菲涅耳近似算法实现全息相位再现所包含的误差项,然后计算机模拟了数字离轴全息图的记录和相位再现结果,在此基础,模拟分析了离焦误差、数字再现光波误差及样本深度对相位再现的影响。针对记录参考光波和光学器件所引入的相位误差及其不定性,本文提出利用相位相减全息图处理方法加以消除,并给出了实验结果加以验证。模拟分析结果表明,菲涅耳近似算法误差、离焦误差、数字再现光波倾斜误差、解包裹错误对相位再现结果都有不同程度的影响。若获得高精度的再现结果,对记录过程、再现参数选择和处理方法都要进行严格控制或适当的选取。     

结合改进Retinex及自适应分数阶微分的雾霾公路交通图像增强

为了提高雾霾天气条件下交通图像的对比度,清晰度和颜色保真度,减少图像退化所带来的负面影响,提出了一种采用快速引导滤波平滑约束的Retinex及自适应分数阶微分的雾霾天气交通图像增强算法。首先,该方法将原图像从RGB转换到YCbCr颜色空间,提取亮度分量构建初始图像;其次,构建变分模型,借助快速引导滤波构造目标函数的平滑约束项来准确估计初始照射分量;然后,使用Retinex模型获得初始反射分量,再采用自适应分数阶微分掩膜对初始反射分量进行增强得到亮度分量的增强结果,该方法在图像噪声抑制和细节增强方面性能良好;最后,将处理后的反射分量结合Cb,Cr色差信息从YCbCr转换到RGB颜色空间即得到最终增强图像。本文对不同的雾霾交通图像进行了对比实验,实验结果表明,新方法的标准差(STD)和平均梯度(AG)较原图至少提高1.12倍和4倍以上,信息熵(E)至少提高4.76%以上,综合性能优于其他的对比算法。新方法在图像增强和细节保持方面得到了很好地改进,有效地提高了雾霾天气条件下公路交通图像的颜色保真度、对比度和细节清晰度等,使得增强后的图像视觉效果和可视度明显改善,更加真实自然。     

基于小波稀疏的全息显微成像研究

数字全息显微镜要想满足高的分辨率通常需要获得许多张全息图,以达到较好的图像恢复效果.如果全息图的数量较少,则会导致重建的图像质量下降.由此提出一种基于小波稀疏重建的图像恢复方法,并对重建的图像用结构相似度指数来量化成像质量.通过获取人体血液红细胞的图像,得到3幅不同高度的全息图后进行稀疏重建,对这些图像进行结构相似性(...     

空间光调制器DMD多级谱复频成像的研究

依据DMD空间光调制器的调制特性及复频成像特性,设计了一个紧凑的4f傅立叶变换系统,对DMD的多级衍射谱进行复频输出,极大改善了仅用DMD零级衍射谱作为图像读出的光亮度.利用DMD空间光调制器复频成像输出装置构建的一个合成全息图的拍摄系统,拍摄了具有高对比度、低噪音的合成全息图.     

离轴非球面的计算全息图高精度检测技术

为了实现离轴非球面高精度定位、光路对准及面形检验,提出了一种使用计算全息图(CGH)技术实现离轴非球面高精度光学检测的方法.将被检非球面倾斜平移后作为轴上自由曲面进行CGH补偿检测设计,从而减小了检测光路的相对口径和CGH所需补偿像差,提高了CGH检测精度.使用自行开发的CGH专用设计计算软件,设计完成的CGH同时具有...     

数字全息技术测量大气微粒场的研究

记录光路采用Mach-Zender干涉法,CCD作为记录介质,以数字的形式记录了微粒场的离轴菲涅耳数字全息图,利用Fresnel-Kirchhoff衍射积分数字再现出了微粒场的复振幅分布。通过对尺寸39μm大小标准粒子场的记录再现,分析确定了准确检测出标准再现粒子数量的灰阶阈值范围和面积阈值范围。以检测出标准粒子的阈值范围为基准,在相同测量条件下,对采样大气微粒场进行再现检测,准确检测出了不同再现截面上尺寸大小接近39μm及大于39μm的聚焦粒子的数量,并采用多截面再现平均测量法估算测量了采样大气微粒场中微粒的数量及浓度。     

Reconstruction of off-axis electron holograms using a neural net

In off-axis electron holography, the information about the specimen contained in amplitude and phase of the image wave is recorded by superimposing a reference wave to the image wave and recording the resulting interference pattern, called a hologram. The image wave is usually retrieved from this hologram by a filtering process in Fourier space. An alternative approach is to calculate the image wave pixel by pixel from the intensities in the hologram. In this paper, we describe a neural network that performs this step. As neural networks can represent nonlinear relations between the input and output data, this reconstruction process can use the nonlinear part of the information contained in the hologram and is thus less sensitive to noise.     

Digital double-pulse holographic interferometry using Fresnel and image plane holograms

Different arrangements for digital double-pulse holographic and speckle interferometry for vibration analysis are described. In the case of digital double-pulse holographic interferometry, two separate holograms of an object under test are recorded within a few microseconds using a CCD camera and stored in a frame grabber. The phases of the two reconstructed wave fields are calculated from the complex amplitudes which are obtained by digital reconstruction of the wavefront produced by the hologram. The deformation is obtained from the phase difference. In the case of ESPI (or image plane hologram) the phase can be calculated by using the sinusoid-fitting method or the Fourier method. Using three directions of illumination and one direction of observation, all the information necessary for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional deformation vector can be recorded at the same time. Applications of the method for measuring rotating objects are discussed, together with the derotator needed.     

A general model for resolution of digital holographic microscopy

For digital holographic microscopic imaging, the resolution in the reconstructed image is one of the most important parameters. To optimize the lateral resolution, a general model for the resolution of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is proposed in this work, in which the effects of the sizes of each pixel, total area of the charge coupled device (CCD) and the microscopic objective lens are taken into account. Comparison between our model and others was carried out by calculating the point spread function (PSF) of DHM at different reconstruction distances and with different fill factors. It is shown that the effect of fill factors on the resolution of DHM becomes significant when the reconstruction distance is long. For high resolution DHM imaging the influence of fill factors must be taken into account when estimating the resolution of the reconstructed image. Furthermore, It is also demonstrated that the sidelobe of PSF can be cut effectively choosing appropriate values of the fill factors. Finally, the reconstructions of polyethylene microspheres have been implemented to demonstrate the theoretical analysis. These results obtained are helpful for estimation of the resolution and design of the DHM systems.     

基于灰度直方图拟合曲线的数字图像多阈值分割技术研究

在数字图像处理中,图像分割技术能够对待处理部分进行分割处理,以突出显示所要研究的目标对象.在对数字图像灰度直方图进行高次样条函数曲线拟合之后,通过求取若干个局部最小值作为图像的分割阈值,对图像像素进行多阈值分割,最后采用区域背景像素点增长合并法进行背景区域合并,从而获得完整清晰反映图像各个组成部分的分割结果.实验结果证明,此方法能准确表达图像各个灰度组成部分,克服了传统单阈值分割所带来的缺陷与不足.     

Streak time-lapse video microscopy: analysis of protoplasmic motility and cell division in Tradescantia stamen hair cells

We have developed a video time-lapse analogue of a streak camera using a digital image processing technique, and have used it to analyse dynamic processes in plant cells. The same image area is selected from a succession of frames in a video tape recording. The successive images are stored in an image memory, rearranged, and displayed in a single frame according to the time course. Each image area is rectangular, with selectable length and width: the closest analogy to a streak camera is obtained when one of its sides is a single pixel. The composite image displays sequential changes in the distribution of subcellular components in the selected area. The method was shown to be useful for monitoring details of cytoplasmic streaming and organelle movement, observing the time course of chemical fixation, and also for studying kinetochore movement, shortening of chromatids and cell plate formation during mitosis and cytokinesis. Cessation and resumption of cytoplasmic movement during the cell division cycle were also clearly localized outside the nuclear region in apical cells of Tradescantia stamen hairs.     

A modified signal channel of page-oriented holographic memory

A modified signal channel of holographic memory is proposed and studied theoretically and experimentally. Compared with a conventional optical scheme, the channel enables to decrease the spread in signal of reconstructed images of information elements, which is caused by their interference in the case of a restricted Fourier hologram aperture, increase the signal-background ratio, and reduce the sensitivity to misalignment of the image and the photodetector array.     

Measurements of the characteristics of spray droplets using in-line digital particle holography

In-line digital particle holography is applied to measure the characteristics of spray droplets. Common reconstruction methods were considered and the best one was selected. Several important parameters at the time of hologram recording, such as the object distance and the region of laser beam used, are discussed. The feasibility of the correlation coefficient (CC) method for focal plane determination of 3-D droplets was verified. A double exposure hologram recording system with synchronization system for time control was established, and two digital spray holograms were obtained in a short time interval. For post-processing of reconstruction images, the two-threshold and the image segmentation methods were used in binary image transformation. Using the CC method and some image processing techniques applied to droplets in each double exposure image, the spatial positions of droplets used to evaluate the three dimensional droplet velocities were easily located, which proved the feasibility of in-line digital particle holographic technology as a good measurement tool for spray droplets. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Gihun Son Boseon Kang received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1986 and 1988, respectively. He then went on to receive his Ph.D. degree from University of Illinois, Chicago in 1995. He is currently Professor at School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University in Gwangju, Korea. His research interests are in the area of sprays, holographic techniques in thermofluid measurements. Yan Yang received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chongqing Insitute of Technology in 1997, and received his M.S. degree in Mechanics from Chongqing University in 2005. He is doctoral student of Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University in Gwangju, Korea. He is also currently Associate Professor at Automobile College, Chongqing University of Technology in Chongqing, China. His research direction is digital holographic techniques