无碱无氯液体速凝剂的性能及其作用机理

对实验室制备的一种新型无碱无氯液体速凝剂进行了凝结时间、抗压强度等宏观性能的检测,并利用XRD、SEM等现代测试手段进行了微观机理分析.结果表明,当速凝剂掺量为4.0％～6.0％时,试样凝结时间、1d抗压强度及28 d抗压强度比均满足JC477-2005《喷射混凝土用速凝剂》标准的要求;同时,速凝剂掺量为4.0％～4.5％时,试样后期(28 d)强度基本不损失;速凝剂的掺入加快了水泥早期水化,消耗了大部分水泥水化生成的氢氧化钙,同时生成大量结晶程度良好的钙矾石晶体,促进早期强度的发展.     

RSD速凝剂增强作用机理分析

RSD是一种性能优良的喷射混凝土速凝剂，在试验室中掺加RSD后的混凝土强度对比测试表明，该速凝刑不仅能显著提高水泥胶砂的早期强度，而且不降低水泥胶砂的后期强度，并能提高水泥胶砂的耐久性能．通过扫描电镜对掺加RSD逮凝剂的水泥浆进行了观察，分析了水泥石各龄期的水化产物．分析结果表明，RSD速凝剂在水泥浆早期水化过程中能加速C3S的水化和钙矾石的生成，RSD促使C—S—H（Ⅰ）凝胶向C—S—H（Ⅲ）和C—S—H（Ⅳ）转化，增强水泥石的强度．最后对RSD速凝剂的增强作用进行了机理分析．     

高价阳离子硫酸盐对混凝土早期强度的影响

研究了单掺高价阳离子硫酸盐对混凝土早期强度的影响，结果显示其对水泥、混凝土具有促凝作用，使混凝土早期强度降低。正交试验得出高价阳离子硫酸盐掺量为0．5％、缓凝组分羟基羧酸为0．015％时，混凝土的早期1d、3d强度分别提高32％和17％，而后期28d强度无降低。机理分析表明，单掺高价阳离子硫酸盐能使水泥在水化初期迅速生成大量钙矾石而导致速凝，但恰当复合缓凝组分后既能使钙矾石难以过快生成避免速凝，从而发挥其有利方面的作用；又能因其含有硫酸根和高价离子，前者可生成较多的AFt，后者聚沉作用强，加快硅酸盐矿物的水化，生成更多的C—S—H，使结构更加密实，提高了混凝土强度。     

超细CaCO3增强硫铝酸盐水泥强度的研究

在硫铝酸盐水泥硬化体中,钙矾石主要以柱状、棒状而存在,这对水泥的性能产生了不利影响。探讨了超细CaCO3对硫铝酸盐水泥进行改性的研究。试验结果表明,超细CaCO3掺量为3%时,明显改善了硫铝酸盐水泥的强度,其28 d净浆与砂浆抗压强度分别达到100.6 MPa和94.1 MPa,且水泥的28 d砂浆抗折强度高达12.5 MPa。SEM显示掺超细CaCO3硫铝酸盐水泥硬化体中难以发现大颗粒状的水化硫铝酸钙晶体,结构较致密、均匀。     

高铝水泥对磷石膏基水硬性胶凝材料性能的影响

研究了高铝水泥对磷石膏-矿渣-钢渣免煅烧水泥体系的强度、凝结时间及标准稠度等性能的影响规律,并通过XRD和SEM分析探讨了该水泥体系的水化机理,分析得出该水泥体系的水化产物主要是钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶。结果表明,高铝水泥的加入可以有效提高磷石膏-矿渣-钢渣免煅烧水泥体系的早期强度并缩短凝结时间,使水化产物钙矾石生成量明显增加,从而有效提高该胶凝材料的水化性能;当掺入6%的高铝水泥时,可以制备出3d抗压强度为4.5MPa,28d抗压强度达35MPa左右的高铝-磷石膏基水硬性胶凝材料。     

粉煤灰复合胶凝材料充填体强度与水化机理研究

为了提高粉煤灰资源利用率和充填采矿效益,以金川镍矿为工程背景,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析并结合胶结充填体强度试验,开展了粉煤灰替代水泥和矿渣微粉的复合胶凝材料的水化机理研究与充填体强度试验.结果显示:掺入粉煤灰的复合胶凝材料的水化产物主要是斜方钙沸石晶体、钙矾石晶体和C-S-H凝胶.当粉煤灰替代20%的水泥掺量时,3,7和28d充填体强度分别降低26.9%,29.9%和20.3%;当粉煤灰替代15%的矿渣微粉,3,7d强度分别降低23.5%和20.1%,但28d强度却提高7.6%.在满足金川矿山下向分层充填法采矿条件下,粉煤灰替代水泥掺量、矿渣微粉掺量分别可达到20%和15%.与矿用水泥充填材料相比,复合充填胶凝材料成本降低约49.8%.     

磷石膏/矿粉复合过硫胶凝材料的制备研究

通过研究磷石膏、硫铝酸盐水泥熟料、碱激发剂等组分掺量对过硫胶凝材料体系物理力学性能的影响,借助XRD、SEM等微观测试手段对水化产物及机理进行分析探讨,确定了过硫胶凝材料组成的最佳配合比。结果表明:5%的硫铝酸盐水泥熟料、30%的磷石膏、63%的矿粉、2%的碱激发剂制备出的磷石膏/矿粉复合过硫胶凝材料标准稠度用水量为30.8%,初凝时间为312min,终凝时间为514min,3d抗压强度可达13MPa,28d抗压强度超过48MPa。微观分析表明,在该配比下制备的过硫胶凝材料主要水化产物为钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶,水化28d时钙矾石生成量较大,结构较为致密,强度大幅度提高。     

炉底灰-粉煤灰胶凝体系的力学性能及微观分析

为实现炉底灰的大规模资源化利用,研究了原料掺量对炉底灰-粉煤灰胶凝体系力学性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和能谱分析对胶凝体系水化产物的矿物组成、化学结构和微观形貌进行分析,结果表明:水泥掺量一定时,随着炉底灰掺量的提高,试样28 d抗压强度不断增大,而各龄期抗折强度及3,7 d抗压强度呈先增大后减小的趋势,粉煤灰对于提高胶凝体系早期强度具有不可或缺的作用,但掺量不宜过多;炉底灰可促进水泥中硅酸钙早期水化,生成更多氢氧化钙和钙矾石;水化后期,随着炉底灰掺量增大,C—S—H凝胶生成量增多并连接成密实的整体,针状文石晶体及纺锤形碳酸钙晶体桥接于水化试样微观裂隙两侧,阻碍裂隙的扩展,进一步提高胶凝试样的力学强度。     

液体低碱复合速凝剂的试验研究

采用四组分复合的方法合成了一种液体低碱复合速凝剂．性能测试结果表明,这种液体速凝剂满足国内现行建材行业标准对喷射混凝土用速凝剂一等品的要求,并与常用高效减水剂适应性较好,适应性明显优于粉状高碱固体商品速凝剂．通过采用SEM测试手段对水泥硬化体微观结构进行深入分析,阐述了促进早期水泥水化和硬化的速凝机理．     

蔗糖对硅酸盐水泥凝结时间的影响

用先掺和后掺两种不同的掺加方法研究了蔗糖对水泥凝结时间的影响，结果表明：蔗糖的掺量和掺加方法会产生明显不同的调凝效果，掺量低且用后掺法时缓凝效果最好；掺量超过一定数值时，无论先掺还是后掺都会使水泥速凝。因此，用蔗糖作缓凝剂时，应作临场试验，以确定其掺量和掺法。蔗糖的调凝机理可解释：蔗糖延缓了ＣＳＨ的形成和加速了ＡＦｔ晶休的形成，浆体的凝结取决于生成的ＡＦｔ晶体的量；当蔗糖的量较低时，ＡＦｔ的生成量     

Influence of New Compound Admixture on Shotcrete Performance

To analyze the influence of new compound admixture on shotcrete performance, the ordinary Portland cement pr425 was used as matrix components. The optimum proportion of admixture was obtained by analyzing the influence of content on cement setting time and compressive strength. The microstructure of cement test block and the mechanism of reducing dust of composite macromolecule admixture were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the ratio of polyacrylic acid was 0.02%. The ratio of J85 accelerator was 5%. The ratio of bentonite was 4.5% in composite admixture. The most optimal content of admixture in the slurry was 7%. The compound coagulant formed by additive together with C_3 A, C_4 AF which provided nucleation for hydration and crystallization of C_3S and C_3S, and played an active role to promote the activity of the mineral admixture in cement, and increased the elastic modulus of C-S-H gel and accelerated the hydration process of portland cement. Bentonite and polyacrylic acid promote the wettability, cohesiveness and workability of cement paste in the process of hydration. The formation of cement test block gel was even. The interface between the matrix phase and the aggregate phase was not obvious which ensured the matching between the matrix and the aggregate phase. The addition of bentonite formed hydrogen bonds in cement paste and improved the cohesiveness of the system. The J-85 accelerator promoted the combination of aluminate and gypsum which hindered the formation of calcium carbide around the cement particles which made cement rapid condensation. Polyacrylic acid mainly changed the strength of hydroxyl absorption peak in cement paste to improve the initial strength of cement test block. The addition of new admixtures promoted the process of cement hydration to be more thorough and affected the later strength development of concrete by affecting the formation of calcium carbonate stone.     

早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆强度与结构影响的研究

探讨了不同早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆强度及微观结构的影响.结果表明：掺入不同的早强剂均可提高掺硅灰的水泥砂浆早期强度,且对其1 d抗压强度的增强效果优于3 d.其中掺入适量的硫酸钠可迅速生成大量的钙矾石晶体,提高水泥砂浆的密实度,同时促进了硅灰的火山灰反应,明显提高了掺硅灰的水泥砂浆的早期强度,但早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆后期强度影响不大.3种早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆早期强度增强作用从大到小的顺序依次为硫酸钠、氯化钙、三乙醇胺,其中硫酸钠掺量为3%时增强作用最佳.     

多元复合超早强灌浆料试验

目的研究铝酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏和硅灰四元复合体系超早强灌浆料的流动度、凝结时间和力学性能,找出超早强灌浆料的最佳配比．方法采用行星式搅拌机将原材料搅拌均匀,利用跳桌测试流动度,贯入阻力法测定凝结时间,水泥压力试验机测试力学强度,混凝土收缩膨胀仪测试膨胀性能,分析砂胶比为1．0的微观结构．结果该体系辅以多种外加剂,采用高胶砂比可以保证初始流动度大于325mm,30min流动度大于280mm,2h抗压强度达34．80MPa,24h抗折达13．82MPa,28d抗压强度大于99．90MPa,56d抗压强度大于28d抗压强度．早期SEM微观结构显示晶形生长良好,结构致密．结论铝酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏和硅灰按一定的比例复配,具有良好的施工和易性和力学性能．     

The influence of steel slag with high Al2O3 content on the initial hydration of cement

The initial hydration of steel slag with high Al₂O₃ content and its influence on the initial hydration of cement were investigated in this study. Steel slag with high Al₂O₃ content may contain much calcium aluminate mineral but very little gypsum. The steel slag hydrates much more quickly than cement in the initial hydration period, producing many flake products which have a great influence on the fluidity, initial setting time, and adsorption level of superplasticizer of paste. Replacing part of cement by steel slag with high Al₂O₃ content can change the hydration condition of calcium aluminate mineral of the cement by decreasing the gypsum to calcium aluminate mineral ratio, resulting in accelerating the hydration rate of calcium aluminate mineral in the initial hydration period. Paste containing steel slag with high Al₂O₃ content has a shorter initial setting time, higher adsorption level of superplasticizer, and greater loss in fluidity than the pure cement paste.     

Properties and Acceleration Mechanism of Cement Mortar Added with Low Alkaline Liquid State Setting Accelerator

Low alkaline liquid state setting accelerator(LSA) for Portland cement was prepared in laboratory from aqueous solution of several inorganic sulfate salts and some organic chemical substances. Properties of cement with addition of LSA relating to its setting time and strength development as well as its resistance to sulfate attack for short and long term exposure were experimentally examined. The experimental results showed that 5%-7% addition of LSA significantly accelerated the initial and final setting of Portland cement in the presence or absence of the blending of mineral admixtures, the initial and final setting time being less than 3 min and 6 min respectively. Meanwhile, the early 1 day curing age compressive strength increased remarkably by 20%, while the late 28 th day curing age compressive strength remained almost unchanged as compared with that of the reference accelerator free cement mortar specimen. Furthermore, mortar specimens of cement added with LSA and exposed to 5% Na2SO4 solution showed their excellent resistance to sulfate attack, with their short and long term curing age resistance coefficient to sulfate attack being around 1.04 to 1.17, all larger than 1.0. XRD analysis on hardened cement paste specimens at very early curing ages of several minutes disclosed the existence of more ettringite in specimens added with LSA than that of the reference specimens, meanwhile SEM observation also revealed the existence of well crystallized ettringite at very early hydration stage, suggesting that the accelerated setting of Portland cement can be attributed to the early and rapid formation of ettringite over the whole cement paste matrix due to the introduction of LSA. MIP measurement revealed that hardened cement paste specimens with the addition of LSA presented less medium diameter pores, more proportion of small pores and less proportion of large capillary pores, which is in a very good coincidence with the improvement of strength development of cement mortars added with LSA.     

Strength of limestone-based non-calcined cement and its properties

A new type of cement was prepared with ground limestone powder, blastfurnace slag, steel slag and gypsum without calcination. The fraction of ground limestone powder in the cement was as high as 40 wt%–60 wt% without Portland clinker. All of its physical properties can meet the requirements of masonry cement standards. The impact of limestone content on physical properties of the cement and determined its impact on law was investigated. The steel slag can excit the aquation activity of this cement effectively, and the influence of its quantity on the strength of the materials was studied, which shows that the optimum quantity of mixing is 10%. By way of changing the different content of the lime stone by quartzy sample, the law of the compression strength and the PH value was determined, confirming that the lime stone can promote the early aquation of the slag and improve the early strength. The main hydration product of this cement is calcium aluminate hydrate, ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate, as indicated by XRD and SEM analysis.     

Properties and mechanism of mine tailings solidified and filled with fluorgypsum-based binder material

The properties and microscopic structure of tailings solidification bodies, the hardening mechanism of the fluorgypsum-based binder material (FBBM) and tailings solidification mechanism were investigated. FBBM consisted of 40% fluorgypsum,25%-50% blast furnace slag,10%-35% ordinary Portland cement clinker(OPCC) and 1% activator, which was good material in binding iron ore tailings.XRD analysis showed that the properties of tailings solidification bodies was related to its ettringite content.SEM and XRD analyses of tailings solidification bodies showed that the chemical reaction was produced between FBBM and tailings in the whole hydration process. The hydration of the resulting gel material covered the surface of the tailings particles and formed a gel structure. A large number of ettringite crystals and the remaining board-like gypsum crystals took each end and constituted the structural skeleton. The filamentous network-like calcium-silicate-hydrate(C-S-H) gel bonded firmly together with ettringite crystals, dehydrated gypsum crystals and granular tailings, and formed an extremely dense whole.     

The Hydration Characteristics and Expansion Machanism of Expansive Cement at Low W/B Ratio

1　IntroductionAnexpansiveagentcannotonlymakethestructurehasself waterproofperformance ,butalsoreducetheshrinkageandthecrackingofconcreteeffectively .Soitisextensivelyusedincommonconcrete .However,theappli cationofexpansiveagentinhigh strengthconcreteisnotattractedmuchattention .Itisnotonlybecauseofthebondageoftraditionalviewpointthatitsshrinkagevalueofhigh strengthconcreteismuchgreaterthanthatofcom monconcrete ,butalsothedeficiencyofadequatestudyonthehydrationcharacteristicsandexpansivemechan…     

结合系统对刚玉质浇注料显微结构及性能的影响

以板状刚玉骨料和细粉为主要原料,分别以硅微粉、Al2O3-SiO2凝胶粉和铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,制备了3组不同结合系统的刚玉质浇注料,研究了浇注料经不同温度热处理后的物相变化及物理性能,采用X射线衍射及扫描电镜技术研究了其相组成和显微结构特征。结果表明,以硅微粉为结合剂的浇注料在1100℃时有莫来石晶核析出;继续升温,莫来石长大并出现液相。以凝胶粉为结合剂的浇注料在1100℃时出现方石英,不利于莫来石的生成。以铝酸钙水泥为结合剂的浇注料经1500℃处理后,水泥矿物转化为六铝酸钙（CaO·6Al2O3,CA6）相,这种呈片状的CA6相在基质结构内部交叉穿插,有利于提高浇注料的高温抗折强度和抗热震性能。     

超硫酸盐水泥的水化产物及孔结构特性

采用抗压强度试验、X射线衍射分析、电镜扫描及压汞仪法等测试技术,测试和分析了超硫酸盐水泥在不同龄期的强度、水化产物及孔结构,并将其与普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣水泥对比,探讨超硫酸盐水泥的水化机理.研究结果表明,超硫酸盐水泥早期强度较低,但后期强度发展快,28 d强度高于42.5普硅水泥;超硫酸盐水泥的主要水化产物为水化硅酸钙、钙矾石及少量石膏晶体,未见普硅水泥及矿渣水泥的主要水化产物氢氧化钙;90 d时,超硫酸盐水泥硬化浆体的阈值孔径、最可几孔径、中孔孔径及平均孔径均小于普硅水泥和矿渣水泥,具有更小的孔隙率和更高的密实度,有效地促进了超硫酸盐水泥后期强度的增长.