大比表面积、大粒度氧化铈制备工艺研究

氧化铈是一种廉价而用途极广的新型功能材料,随着功能材料的不断发展,各种特殊物理性能的氧化铈的合成和性能越来越受到大家的关注。以氯化铈溶液为原料,加入一定量含肼盐添加剂,以草酸为沉淀剂,硝酸和草酸混合溶液对草酸铈沉淀进行浸泡或淋洗,结合缓慢升温灼烧,可以获得大比表面积、大粒度氧化铈,满足了客户需求。     

亚微米氧化铈颗粒的粒度分布测量研究

采用新的动态光散射及激光衍射等技术对较高浓度悬浮液中亚微米氧化铈颗粒的粒度分布进行了测量,分析了分散前处理对动态光散射测量结果的影响,计算了动态光散射测量时不同分布基础的粒度分布结果,并以透射电镜观测结果进行了验证。结果表明,激光衍射测得的粒度分布结果数值较大,其基于体积分布的粒度中位值约为2μm;动态光散射测量的粒度分布数值较小,基于体积、数量分布的粒度中位值分别为257.0 nm和157.1nm,分散前处理对粒度测量结果有一定的影响;动态光散射测量的基于数量分布的氧化铈颗粒的粒度分布结果与透射电镜观测所得的数值能够较好地吻合。新的动态光散射技术可准确地测量经过充分分散的较高浓度悬浮液中亚微米氧化铈颗粒的粒度分布。     

化学法提取氧化铈工艺研究

本文论述了用化学法提取氧化铈工艺进行的研究,提出了简便的从氟碳铈镧矿硫酸浸出液中分离纯铈的工艺流程,纯度可达99％以上。     

碳铵沉淀法制备纳米氧化铈的研究

采用碳铵沉淀工艺进行了纳米氧化铈制备的研究,探讨了表面活性剂的加入量对氧化铈颗粒大小的影响,随着表面活性剂量的增加氧化铈颗粒粒径减小;煅烧温度对氧化铈粉末性能影响较大,随着煅烧温度的升高氧化铈粉末的晶粒尺寸增大,比表面积减小,煅烧温度为450℃时就已经形成了立方相的氧化铈。优化工艺条件制备出了单一粒径小于50nm、团聚体粒度重量累积中值粒径D50<150nm,粉末比表面积大于15m2/g,粉末的团聚常数(D50/DBET)小于6,形状为球形的纳米氧化铈粉末。     

从氧化铈废料中回收稀土试验研究

研究了用硫酸、FeSO_4从氧化铈废料中浸出稀土。结果表明:硫酸及FeSO_4加入量、浸出温度及浸出时间对稀土浸出率有一定影响;在硫酸及FeSO4加入量均为理论量的1.4倍、温度50℃、浸出时间1.5h最优条件下,稀土浸出率在80%以上。     

碳酸氢铵沉淀法制备氧化铈抛光粉

利用碳酸氢铵做沉淀剂制备氧化铈抛光粉,通过L16(44)正交试验,研究了温度、硝酸铈浓度、滴加速度和搅拌速度对氧化铈粒度和比表面积的影响。得到的最佳粒度制备工艺条件为:温度60℃、硝酸铈浓度50g/L、搅拌速率500r/min、滴加速度50mL/min。并对最佳制备工艺条件下制取的抛光粉进行粒度、形貌和抛蚀量进行研究。     

稀土掺杂钼粉的粒度控制

通过对稀土掺杂钼粉的费氏平均粒度，松比，粒度分布等的测试分析，研究了稀土掺杂剂对钼粉粒度的影响。结果表明：稀土元素的加入抑制了钼粉颗粒的长大，改变还原温度对颗粒长大的效果不理想，面采用K含量高的钼酸铵生产的稀土掺杂钼粉，颗粒较大且其粒度分布较好，其在掺杂棒的实际生产中取得良好效果，给出了提高稀土掺杂钼粉粒度的有效方法。     

氧化铈产品的生产应用及市场

综述了我国氧化铈产品的生产原料，工艺和设备，生产能力与产品，品种和质量，应用与市场。     

纳米氧化铈颗粒的粒度分析研究

针对自制的纳米CeO2进行了一系列粒度分析研究,包括XRD、SEM、TEM、动态光散射法、比表面分析法、X射线衍射法和X射线小角度散射法(SAXS).不同的研究手段得到的纳米CeO2的粒径不尽相同,并阐述了各种研究手段的优缺点及适用范围.     

高浓度料浆中纳米氧化铈颗粒粒度分布的测量

提出了采用聚电解质原溶液稀释高浓度料浆,再进行粒度分布测量的方法,并基于扩展DLVO理论和动态光散射测量粒度分布的基本原理进行了分析。研究表明,浓度高达20%(质量分数)以上的纳米氧化铈料浆采用原溶液稀释至5%(质量分数)以下料浆后,可间接地获得其中纳米颗粒的粒度分布,且其结果与直接制备的相近浓度料浆的测量结果、透射电镜直接测量结果吻合良好。原溶液稀释技术,对纳米颗粒间的双电层相互作用力和颗粒分散状态扰动小,可有效提高纳米颗粒粒度分布测量的浓度上限,对研究高浓度料浆中纳米颗粒的粒度分布和聚集-分散状态具有重要意义。     

Study on the preparation process of large particle cerium oxide

The large particle cerium oxide was prepared using oxalic acid as precipitation agent. The effects of preparation conditions on the particle size of cerium oxide were discussed. The results showed that the particle size of cerium oxide could be controlled effectively by the temperature,acidity of the solution,aging time,etc. The optimized preparation process of large particle cerium oxide was obtained. The cerium oxide with size between 50 μm to 150 μm was prepared by the process. Moreover,the cerium oxide particles were dispersed uniformly.     

Direct fabrication of cerium oxide hollow nanofibers by electrospinning

Electrospinning technique was used to fabricate PVP/Ce(NO3)3 composite mierofibers. Different morphological CeO2 nanofibers were obtained by calcination of the PVP/Ce(NO3)3 composite microfibers and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and (FHR). SEM micrographs indicated that the surface of the composite fibers was smooth and became coarse with the increase of calcination temperatures. The diameters of CeO2 hollow nanofibers (300 nm at 600 ℃ and 600 nm at 800 ℃) were smaller than those of PVP/Ce(NO3)3 composite fibers (1-2 μm). CeO2 hollow nanofibers were obtained at 600 ℃ and CeO2 hollow and porous nanofibers formed by nanoparti-ties were obtained at 800 ℃. The length of the CeO2 hollow nanofibers was greater than 50 μm. XRD analysis revealed that the composite microfibers were amorphous in structure and CeO2 nanofibers were cubic in structure with space groupO5H-FM3m when calcination tem-peratures were 600-800 ℃. TG-DTA and FTIR revealed that the formation of CeO2 nanofibers was largely influenced by the calcination temperatures. Possible formation mechanism of CeO2 hollow nanofibers was proposed.     

Fabrication of mono-dispersed cerium oxide nanopowders via mixed solvothermal route

Monodisperse and single-phase cerium oxide nanopowders were synthesized by mixed solvothermal route,Ce(NO3) 3·6H2O as raw materials,poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as stable agent. The cerium oxide nanopowders could be controlled from 50 to 60 nm by adjusting the ratio between ethanol absolute and water at 160 °C. With methanol instead of ethanol absolute,the reaction temperature could be lowered to 130 °C.     

Thermo-oxidative ageing behavior of cerium oxide/silicone rubber

Cerium oxide/silicon rubber was prepared via mechanical blending.Mechanical and frictional properties,as well as thermal stability after thermo-oxidative ageing were investigated in this rubber composite.3D surface profilometry,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and thermogravimetry analysis(TGA) were used to study the friction surface characteristics,friction mechanism and thermal stability,respectively.Additionally,swelling experiments were carried out to investigate the variation of crosslinking density.After thermo-oxidative ageing,the tear strength of cerium oxide/silicon rubber decreases.However,in the early ageing stage,improvements in tensile strength,elongation at break,and frictional performance are caused by crosslinking density increments.Moreover,the addition of cerium oxide remarkably improves the re-cross linking degree during ageing process,which in turn decreases the number of holes on the friction surface and endows the silicon rubber with better mechanical and frictional properties,as well as thermo-oxidative ageing resistance.     

Preparation of ceria with large particle size and high appearance density

Cerium is one of the most abundant rare earth elements in both bastnasite and monazite. Ceria has been widely used in optical, catalytic, electrolyte, and sensor materials, with unique performances. With the development of functional materials, great interest has been focused on the synthesis and characterization of specific fine/mesoporous ceria powder. In this study, the modified precipitation and recrystallization processes combined with a controlled calcination process for fabricating the ceria with large particle size and high appearance density was reported. During precipitation, a certain amount of mineral acid such as nitric acid served as an additive, to adjust the precipitation and crystallization processes of cerium oxalates. An appropriate acidic condition could lead the process into the Oswald ripening stage and made the particles become bigger. Thus, the appearance density of powder was increased. The optimized conditions, such as the temperature, feeding speed, type and concentration of mineral acids, and the concentration of cerium-contained stock solution, were investigated and evaluated.     

Cerium extraction by metallothermic reduction using cerium oxide powder injection

This work presented the feasibility of cerium recovery by Al-Mg alloy through the metallothermic reduction of CeO2 to obtain a master alloy Al-4%Ce.The master alloy obtained in this investigation was for the grain refinement and modification of Al-Si alloys.The re-agent was incorporated into a molten alloy using the submerged powder injection technique,and metallic samples were obtained during injec-tion.Chemical and microstructural analyses (by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM),respectively) confirmed the possibility of Ce uptake in the bath (0 to 4 wt.%),as CeO2 was reduced through metallothermic reactions in the molten alloys.Based on the characterization of reaction products,the sequence of the reaction was proposed.     

Laser cladding in-situ carbide particle reinforced Fe-based composite coatings with rare earth oxide addition

Particulate reinforced metal matrix composite(PR-MMC) has excellent properties such as good wear resistance,corrosion resistance and high temperature properties.Laser cladding is usually used to form PR-MMC on metal surface with various volume fractions of ceramic particles.Recent literatures showed that laser melting of powder mixture containing carbon and carbide-forming elements,was favorable for the formation of in-situ synthesized carbide particles.In this paper,rare earth oxide(RE2O3) was added into t...     

pH-distribution of cerium species in aqueous systems

Cerium-based oxide coatings can be obtained through either chemical or electrochemical processes on various conductor and semiconductor substrates.In both cases the films develop through a precipitation mechanism,which strongly depends on the solution chemistry.In the particular case of the electrolytic approach,the elaboration parameters play a key role on the interfacial pH modification thereby leading to an indirect precipitation mechanism.Indeed,the nucleation and growth mechanisms of crystallites and the composition of the resulting layers have been shown to be also strongly affected by the deposition conditions as well as by the substrate composition,which could in turn modify the protectiveness provided by such coatings.Therefore a better fundamental understanding of the system is required,in particular of the distribution of cerium-containing species in aqueous solution.To this end,the present work intended to develop a diagram showing the distribution as well as the relative amount of Ce(III)/Ce(IV)species in aqueous media as a function of the pH range.The resulting pH-distribution diagram turned out to be a useful tool to predict the relevant precipitation mechanisms and species involved during the growth of cerium-containing films and to draw correlations with the characteristics of the as-deposited films.     

Study on catalytic combustion of benzene over cerium based catalyst supported on cordierite

A series of MnCeOx catalysts supported on cordierite honeycomb (Cord) were prepared by a combustion synthesis method using Mn(NO3)2 , Ce(NO3 )2·6H2O and citric acid. The effect of the molar ratio of Mn/Ce, calcination time, the amount of citric acid and the effect of water vapor on the catalytic properties for the complete oxidation of benzene were investigated. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), H 2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2 -TPR), O2 temperature programmed desorption (O2 -TPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results indicated that the MnCeOx /Cord catalyst with Mn/Ce molar ratio of 1:1, calcining for 7h and M n+ /(citric acid) molar ratio of 6 exhibited the highest catalytic activity. When the concentration of benzene was 1500 ppm and the gaseous hourly space velocity was 20000h -1 , the conversion of toluene was 99.1% at the reaction temperature of 300 oC.     

Preparation of large particle rare earth oxides by precipitation with oxalic acid

The large particle CeO2 and Y2O3 were prepared using oxalic acid as precipitator. The effects of operational parameters such as stirring velocity, precipitation temperature, feeding speed, aging time, precipitation method, and calcination temperature on particle size and loose density of CeO2 were studied. Under the particular conditions, particle median size of D50≥30μm, loose density of ≥2.0 g/mlof CeO2, and particle median size of D50≥20 μm of Y2O3 were prepared. This technology had advantages of simple process, less equipment investment, ease of use, and suitability for industrialization products.