螺旋藻保健鲜啤酒的研制

介绍了螺旋藻的保健功能，并对螺旋藻提取液以不同方式加入啤酒中酿制螺旋藻保健啤酒进行了探讨。结果表明：在鲜啤酒酿造过程中，添加0．15％-0．20％螺旋藻提取液，酿造的啤酒呈淡黄绿色，清亮透明，具有协调的酒花香气和螺旋藻特有的气味，口味较纯正。     

螺旋藻绿啤酒的研制

对螺旋藻绿啤酒生产工艺条件进行了探索和研究。结果表明。最佳螺旋藻液的添加量为160mg／L．调整最佳的基酒工艺，第一段糖化温度65℃，时间30min；第二段糖化温度72℃，时间30min；采用啤酒过滤后的清酒中进行添加。最终确定啤酒的颜色为绿色，口味更干净、爽口，有明显的螺旋藻味。     

苦瓜螺旋藻复合啤酒的研制

通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨苦瓜汁和螺旋藻脱腥提取液添加方式、添加量对啤酒的外观、风味及内在质量的影响,确定最佳添加方式和添加量.研究发现,在传统啤酒工艺基础上,在过滤后精滤前加入苦瓜汁和螺旋藻脱腥提取液,可最大限度地减少有效成分的流失,对啤酒的稳定性没有影响.试验结果表明,苦瓜汁添加量为4%,同时加入0.1%的螺旋藻脱腥提取液和20mg/kg丹尼克啤酒保鲜剂等,经过精滤、灌装、杀菌等工序生产的苦瓜啤酒,呈淡黄绿色,清亮透明,泡沫洁白细腻、持久挂杯;有明显的酒花香气和苦瓜及螺旋藻的风味,口味纯正、淡爽、协调、柔和.     

螺旋藻蜂巢蛋糕的研制及营养成分分析

在面粉中加入螺旋藻干粉制成营养丰富、均衡的螺旋藻保健蜂巢蛋糕,得出最佳工艺配方：添加螺旋藻干粉0．1％、水分19．6％、小苏打1．0％、发酵时间为150min,并对螺旋藻蜂巢蛋糕中的蛋白质、脂肪以及微量元素（钙、铁、锌）这些营养成分进行测定。结果表明,添加螺旋藻的蜂巢蛋糕营养成分及感官评价都高于普通蜂巢蛋糕。     

螺旋藻巧克力的研制

研究在巧克力液块中添加螺旋藻干粉等物质,制成营养均衡的螺旋藻巧克力,确定最佳配方为螺旋藻干粉5％、砂糖30％、卵磷脂0．3％和单硬脂酸甘油酯0．4％的比例添加。并对螺旋藻巧克力的营养成分及理化微生物指标进行测定分析。     

异Vc、酶清、硅胶和PVPP对提高啤酒保质期的研究

食品工业科学,１９９９（４）：６～８１．在清酒缸中添加２０～３５ｍｇ／Ｌ异Ｖｃ,但啤酒含氧量必须十分低,异Ｖｃ才显效果。添加异Ｖｃ可减缓罐装２－乙酰乳酸氧化成双乙酰速度。２．在清酒缸中添加酶清,添加量１５ｍｌ／,对延长啤酒保质期效果明显,特别是对防止啤酒冷混浊沉淀效果更好。３．将ＰＶＰＰ加入硅藻土添加罐中同硅藻土液混合,加入正在进行过滤的啤酒硅藻土过滤机中,添加量为３５ｇ／。４．将硅胶加入硅藻土添加缸中同硅藻土混合,加入正进行过滤的啤酒硅藻土过滤机中,添加量１５０ｇ／,对延长啤酒保质期有利…     

结冷胶在果粒酸性乳饮料中的应用研究

研究了添加结冷胶的不同工艺流程及结冷胶和乳酸钙质量分数对乳饮料的影响。结果表明，在乳饮料中添加0．02％-0．03％的结冷胶能提高果粒的悬浮性；随结冷胶添加量的增加，乳饮料的沉淀率、黏度、悬浮性也会相应提高；在加入结冷胶的基础上添加0．02％～0．04％的乳酸钙，能提高果粒悬浮性。     

芹菜大豆酸奶的研制

以芹菜和大豆为原料，在豆乳中加入芹菜汁．再以保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂进行乳酸发酵．用正交试验得出最佳配料组合。结果表明芹菜汁添加量为8％，保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1：1)添加量为4％，白砂糖添加量为7％．稳定剂用量为0．30％，在43℃条件下发酵4～5h，可制得风味、口感俱佳的芹菜酸豆奶。     

乙酰丙酮衍生——液相色谱法测定啤酒中的甲醛含量

采用乙酰丙酮衍生，以高效液相色谱法测定啤酒中甲醛的含量。样品无需蒸馏．添加衍生试剂后在50℃保温20min即可供分析。色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18，流动相为乙腈，水（20，80），测定波长为412mm，采用标准加入法定量，在0—2．28mg/L范围内呈良好的线性，方法检出限为95μg／L．样品测定的RSD为1．0％-5．7％。本法具有灵敏度高，操作简捷，测定结果可靠等特点。除了优化测定条件的试验外，还对国内外22种品牌啤酒的甲醛含量作了测定。     

木瓜果酒加工工艺的研究

木瓜果实富含有机酸、皂甙、维生素、胡萝卜素、氨基酸、果胶、黄酮类和钾、镁、钙、锌、铁、锰、磷等多种微量元素和营养物质，具有极高的食用和营养保健价值。果实破碎时加入0．1％果胶酶和按100mg/kg加入2％偏重亚硫酸钠溶液；添加蔗糖调整果汁含糖量为20％～22％，加柠檬酸调整总酸在0．6～0．8g／100mL；主发酵接种量为5％，18～22℃发酵3～4d，发酵至醪液中残糖1．0％以下，酒精度为9．5％-10．0％(v／v)时结束；后酵温度10℃，时间2～3周，至醪液残糖含量降至0．1％以下完毕。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.