新庄孜矿B8保护层开采对B6煤效果考察实践分析

以突出矿井新庄孜矿为例,介绍了煤层群开采首采保护层卸压瓦斯抽采工程设计及被保护层瓦斯抽采效果。通过在66208工作面回采过程中瓦斯压力测定、瓦斯抽采效果和煤层最大变形量的考察,得出保护层工作面开采后,被保护层B_6煤层透气性系数增大了902倍,B_6煤层残余瓦斯含量为2.43 m~3/t;得出实际走向及倾向方向上的有效保护范围。最大化的回收煤炭资源,取得了较好的效果。     

地面群孔瓦斯抽采技术应用研究

为保证新集一矿突出煤层13-1煤北中央采区的安全开采,先后开采131103、131105等11-2煤层工作面作为保护层。首先在上述两个工作面共布置了6个地面钻孔,建立了地面群孔瓦斯抽采系统,预抽采动区被保护层13-1煤瓦斯。接下来对地面钻孔抽采瓦斯参数进行了考察,主要包括基于示踪技术考察了131105工作面采动卸压地面钻孔走向及倾向瓦斯抽采半径,统计分析被保护层瓦斯抽采率,同时就地面群孔与井下底板巷穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采两种方法进行了抽采率、工程费用等方面的对比。研究结果表明：新集一矿的地层条件下地面钻孔抽采煤层卸压瓦斯沿煤层倾向和走向的抽采半径分别不小于160m和240m;采动区地面群孔瓦斯抽采率达35%以上;地面钻孔相对比井下底板巷,在抽采瓦斯方面具有技术上可靠、安全、经济等优点。     

高瓦斯煤层群保护层开采卸压效果数值模拟

为合理选择保护层,针对高瓦斯突出煤层群安全开采问题,分析了保护层开采的保护作用机理,即保护层开采可对被保护层起到卸压增透作用,改善被保护层的瓦斯抽放效果是解决煤与瓦斯突出问题及瓦斯灾害的重要技术手段;卸压对煤与瓦斯突出及瓦斯问题的解决具有决定作用.针对某矿高瓦斯突出煤层群生产地质条件,采用FLAC3D数值软件模拟2个非突出煤层作为保护层开采时的卸压效果,并对其进行了分析比较,研究结果可为保护层的合理选择提供参考依据.     

煤层群下保护层开采卸压范围扩界研究

通过开采保护层降低高突出煤层的危险性,作为一种有效的保护措施,在煤矿开采中得到广泛应用。而准确探究近距离煤层下保护层卸压范围,对合理布置保护层,提高卸压效率显得尤为重要。在过去,我们一般认为倾向卸压角度为80°左右,沿走向的保护范围卸压角在56°～60°左右。本文在前人研究的基础上,通过数值模拟及现场考察等方法,获得了近水平上被保护层工作面走向上和倾向上的煤层膨胀变形规律,在下保护层的设计中,为相对原来规定的范围增加扩界区域提供一定的理论支持。走向上通过对其卸压瓦斯的抽采,扩界区域同样可处于有效保护范围内,即走向卸压角可由56°提高至90°左右。倾向上可考虑将卸压角度由80°增大为90°,实现保护层与被保护层的等宽布置。并以淮南朱集矿1111(1)工作面首采保护层的现场监测数据做对照,分析结果与实际值相符。     

煤层群煤与瓦斯安全高效共采体系及应用

提出了高瓦斯煤层群煤与瓦斯安全高效共采的概念：在煤层群开采条件下，首先开采瓦斯含量低、无突出危险的首采煤层，利用其采动影响使处在其上部和下部的煤层卸压，煤层透气性成百倍地增加，从而形成高效的瓦斯抽采条件．同时进行的卸压瓦斯高效抽采既解决了由卸压煤层向首采煤层涌出瓦斯问题，保障首采煤层实现安全高效开采，又大幅度地降低了卸压煤层的瓦斯含量，消除了煤与瓦斯突出危险性，为在卸压煤层内实施快速掘进与高效采煤方法提供了安全保障，从而实现了瓦斯与煤炭两种资源的安全高效共采．文中介绍了针对不同卸压瓦斯流动特点的近程、中程和远程卸压瓦斯抽采方法及工程应用实践，最后对高瓦斯煤层群煤与瓦斯安全高效共采体系的应用前景进行了分析．     

保护层工作面瓦斯综合治理技术及效果探讨

开采保护层是对高突煤层进行区域消突最佳措施,已经得到广泛使用。为了更好的治理保护层工作面回采期间的瓦斯,同时最大可能抽采被保护层卸压瓦斯,一般采用综合瓦斯治理措施。本文以1561(1)工作面为例,分析了不同瓦斯治理措施的抽采效果,为其他矿井提供参考。     

近距离突出煤层群瓦斯治理技术优化的研究

近距离突出煤层群工作面受上下邻近煤层卸压瓦斯的影响,致使回采工作面瓦斯涌出量大、工作面回风隅角及回风巷中的甲烷传感器频繁报警,瓦斯治理消耗大量的人力、物力和时间,严重制约了矿井的安全生产。通过对几种瓦斯治理方案进行分析论证,得出将整个煤层群作为一个治理单元,统筹考虑,将煤层厚度、瓦斯含量相对较小的弱突出煤层作为关键保护层,配合打钻进行立体式抽采,实现上下递进保护,最大限度地抽采邻近煤层的卸压瓦斯的方案。现场实践结果表明,保护层工作面在回采期间瓦斯抽采率高达90%以上,回风隅角瓦斯浓度降至0.6%以下,回风巷风流中瓦斯浓度降至0.2%以下,工作面月平均回采长度由原来的120 m提高至200 m。同时,从根本上解决了被保护层工作面回采期间瓦斯带来的安全威胁。     

高效防治煤与瓦斯突出技术的研究

随着我国煤矿采深的增加，瓦斯含量和瓦斯压力随之增大，煤与瓦斯突出事故日趋加重，从调整开采程序，利用开采保护层实现大面积消除突出危险性，开展突出危险区域预测，从确定无突出危险区域和开展顺煤层钻孔，强化预抽瓦斯大面积消除煤层突出危险性等方面论述了高效防治煤与瓦斯突出技术。     

急倾斜近距离下保护层开采岩层移动相似模拟

针对豫西某矿急倾斜近距离下保护层开采设计,以矿井现场工程概况为基础,通过相似模拟试验及现场考察,对保护层开采过程中岩层移动变形及裂隙发育进行研究,据此分析该矿急倾斜近距离下保护层开采的可行性及预期卸压效果。结果表明:保护层开采过后,顶板以缓慢下沉为主,未出现大规模垮落,岩层移动量最大位置位于倾斜中部略偏上;相似模拟所得倾斜下部卸压角为73°,现场考察倾斜下部卸压角为72°,《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》中在煤层倾角为50°情况下倾斜下部卸压角参考值为70°,三者高度吻合;岩层移动以及裂隙发育使被保护层得以卸压,也可为卸压瓦斯运移和瓦斯抽采提供通道;被保护层开采条件不会破坏,该矿此类型保护层开采安全可行,可以达到预期防突效果。     

双关键层跨煤组远程卸压增透效应试验研究

以潘二煤矿11223工作面远程卸压4~#煤为研究背景,采用物理模拟、FLAC~(3D)流固耦合模拟及现场工程实测相结合的方法,对远程被保护层4~#煤卸压增透区分布特征及关键层破断影响卸压瓦斯抽采效果机制进行分析.结果表明:1)卸压瓦斯抽采量极值点间距与上位关键层周期断裂步距吻合,而下位关键层破断对卸压瓦斯抽采没有直接影响,上位关键层周期断裂步距对远程卸压瓦斯抽采峰位具有一定预测作用;2)经压实变形后,被保护层膨胀变形和渗透率在煤层倾斜方向呈双峰形态,其量值为在中下部最大,中上部次之,中部最小;3) 4~#煤实测膨胀变形达到1.26%,卸压瓦斯抽采率为69.59%,煤层渗透率扩大2 149倍,证明该工程地质条件下3~#煤远程卸压4~#煤具有可行性.     

Principle and engineering application of pressure relief gas drainage in low permeability outburst coal seam

With the increase in mining depth, the danger of coal and gas outbursts increases. In order to drain coal gas effectively and to eliminate the risk of coal and gas outbursts, we used a specific number of penetration boreholes for draining of pressure relief gas. Based on the principle of overlying strata movement, deformation and pressure relief, a good effect of gas drainage was obtained. The practice in the Panyi coal mine has shown that, after mining the Cllcoal seam as the protective layer, the relative expansion deformation value of the protected layer C13 reached 2.63%, The permeability coefficient increased 2880 times, the gas drainage rate of the C13 coal seam increased to more than 60%, the amount of gas was reduced from 13.0 to 5.2 m3/t and the gas pressure declined from 4.4 to 0.4 MPa, which caused the danger the outbursts in the coal seams to be eliminated. The result was that we achieved a safe and highly efficient mining operation of the C 13 coal seam.     

Key technologies and engineering practices for soft-rock protective seam mining

Severe gas disasters in deep mining areas are increasing, and traditional protective coal seam mining is facing significant challenges. This paper proposes an innovative technology using soft rock as the protective seam in the absence of an appropriate coal seam. Based on the geological engineering conditions of the new horizontal first mining area of Luling Coal Mine in Huaibei, China, the impacts of different mining parameters of the soft-rock protective seam on the pressure-relief effect of the protected coal seam were analyzed through numerical simulation. The unit stress of the protected coal seam, which was less than half of the primary rock stress, was used as the mining stress pressure-relief index. The optimized interlayer space was found to be 59 m for the first soft-rock working face, with a 2 m mining thickness and 105 m face length. The physicochemical characteristics of the orebody were analyzed, and a device selection framework for the soft-rock protective seam was developed. Optimal equipment for the working face was selected, including the fully-mechanized hydraulic support and coal cutter. A production technology that combined fully-mechanized and blasting-assisted soft-rock mining was developed. Engineering practices demonstrated that normal circulation operation can be achieved on the working face of the soft-rock protective seam, with an average advancement rate of 1.64 m/d. The maximum residual gas pressure and content, which were measured at the cut hole position of the protected coal seams (Nos. 8 and 9), decreased to 0.35 MPa and 4.87 m³/t, respectively. The results suggested that soft-rock protective seam mining can produce a significant gas-control effect.     

Effect of protective coal seam mining and gas extraction on gas transport in a coal seam

A gas–solid coupling model involving coal seam deformation,gas diffusion and seepage,gas adsorption and desorption was built to study the gas transport rule under the effect of protective coal seam mining.The research results indicate:(1) The depressurization effect changes the stress state of an overlying coal seam and causes its permeability to increase,thus gas in the protected coal seam will be desorbed and transported under the effect of a gas pressure gradient,which will cause a decrease in gas pressure.(2) Gas pressure can be further decreased by setting out gas extraction boreholes in the overlying coal seam,which can effectively reduce the coal and gas outburst risk.The research is of important engineering significance for studying the gas transport rule in protected coal seam and providing important reference for controlling coal and gas outbursts in deep mining in China.     

保护层开采上覆煤岩变形移动及瓦斯抽采效果

根据潘三矿东四采区实际开采条件和回采工艺,运用数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法,分析了近水平煤层保护层开采过程中被保护层应力、变形量、透气性系数在保护层开采过程中的演化机制。结果表明：保护层开采过程中,被保护层存在未受影响区（原始应力区）、增压区、过渡卸压区、稳定卸压区和重新压实区,被保护层边界区域附近过渡卸压区内的透气性系数为原始透气性系数的30倍左右,煤体应力下降,产生了一定的膨胀变形,大大提高了瓦斯抽采效果。     

近距离煤层群被保护层开采瓦斯综合治理技术研究

近距离煤层群被保护层回采过程中,由于被保护层与保护层之间距离较小,保护层采空区内积聚的瓦斯通过采动影响所产生的裂隙大量涌入被保护层工作面,容易造成工作面瓦斯超限.本文以新庄孜矿62113被保护层工作面回采为例,通过调节通风负压和抽采系统相结合的瓦斯治理措施,改变工作面及邻近层瓦斯流向,抑制瓦斯涌向回采工作面,从而增加瓦斯抽采量,降低回风瓦斯浓度,有效的保证了工作面的安全回采.     

Fissure evolution and evaluation of pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams

Based on nonlinearity contact theory and the geological structure of the Xieqiao Coal Mine in the newly developed Huainan coal field, rock movements, mining fissures and deformation of overlying strata were simulated by using the interface unit of FLAC3D to evaluate the pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams. The simulation indicates that the height of the water flowing fractured zone is 54 m in the overlying strata above the protective layer. The maximum relative swelling deformation of the C 13 coal seam is 0.232%,while the mining height is 3.0 m and the distance from the B8 roof to the C13 floor is 129 m, which provides good agreement with a similar experiment and in situ results. The feasibility of exploitation of a super-remote protective coal seam and the performance of the pressure-relief gas drainage in a super-remote protected layer are evaluated by comparisons with practice projects. It demonstrates that the relieved gas in the super-remote protected layers could be better drained and it is feasible to exploit the B8 coal seam before the C13 super-remote protected coal seam. The method is applicable for the study of rock movements, mining fissures and deformation of the overburden, using the interface unit to analyze the contact problems in coal mines.     

Green coal mining technique integrating mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining

Aiming to address the following major engineering issues faced by the Pingdingshan No. 12 mine:(1) difficulty in implementing auxiliary lifting because of its depth(i.e., beyond 1000 m);(2) highly gassy main coal seam with low permeability;(3) unstable overlying coal seam without suitable conditions for implementing conventional mining techniques for protective coal seam; and(4) predominant reliance on ‘‘under three" coal resources to ensure production output. This study proposes an integrated, closed-cycle mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining(MDGBM) technique. The proposed approach involves the mining of protective coal seam, underground dressing of coal and gangue(UDCG), pressure relief and gas drainage before extraction, and backfilling and mining of the protected coal seam. A system for draining gas and mining the protective seam in the rock stratum is designed and implemented based on the geological conditions. This system helps in realizing pressure relief and gas drainage from the protective seam before extraction. Accordingly, another system, which is connected to the existing production system, is established for the UDCG based on the dense medium-shallow trough process. The mixed mining workface is designed to accommodate both solid backfill and conventional fully mechanized coal mining, thereby facilitating coal mining, USCG, and backfilling. The results show that: The mixed mining workface length for the Ji15-31010 protected seam was 220 m with coal production capacity 1.2 million tons per year, while the backfill capacity of gangue was 0.5 million tons per year. The gas pressure decreased from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, and the total amount of safely mined coal was 1.34 million tons. The process of simultaneously exploiting coal and draining gas was found to be safe, efficient, and green.This process also yielded significant economic benefits.     

吉克煤矿首采区上行开采可行性分析

通过理论计算和数值模拟方法,对吉克煤矿首采区M11煤层上行开采的可行性进行了研究。结果表明,计算得出M11煤层开采后覆岩最大垮落带高度为8．47m,导水裂隙带高度为21．1m-32．4m,M9煤层位于导水裂隙带之内。数值模拟结果表明,M9煤层内部的垂直应力显著下降,垮落带和导水裂隙带高度分别为10m和36m,M11煤层开采对M9煤层的卸压效果明显。首采区利用M11煤层作为M9煤层的解放层是可行的。