Filtration Efficiency of Functionalized Ceramic Foam Filters for Aluminum Melt Filtration

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The influence of filter surface chemistry on the filtration efficiency of cast aluminum alloys was evaluated for four different filter coating...     

Characterization of Ceramic Foam Filters Used for Liquid Metal Filtration

In the current study, the morphology including tortuosity, and the permeability of 50-mm thick commercially available 30, 40, 50, and 80 pores per inch (PPI) alumina ceramic foam filters (CFFs) have been investigated. Measurements have been taken of cell (pore), window, and strut sizes, porosity, tortuosity, and liquid permeability. Water velocities from ~0.015 to 0.77 m/s have been used to derive both first-order (Darcy) and second-order (Non-Darcy) terms for being used with the Forchheimer equation. Measurements were made using 49-mm “straight through” and 101-mm diameter “expanding flow field” designs. Results from the two designs are compared with calculations made using COMSOL 4.2a^® 2D axial symmetric finite element modeling (FEM), as a function of velocity and filter PPI. Permeability results are correlated using directly measurable parameters and compared with the previously published results. Development of improved wall sealing (49 mm) and elimination of wall effects (101 mm) have led to a high level of agreement between experimental, analytic, and FEM methods (±0 to 7 pct on predicted pressure drop) for both types of experiments. Tortuosity has been determined by two inductive methods, one using cold-solidified samples at 60 kHz and the other using liquid metal at 50 Hz, giving comparable results.     

球铁轧辊凝固过程中的计算机模拟

采用直接差分方法对球墨铸铁轧辊凝固过程中不同时刻的温度场进行计算机模拟。在此基础上对不同时刻的体积变化也进行了模拟。利用计算机模拟可以定量地、准确地揭示出球铁轧辊凝固过程中体积变化的动态过程,为球铁轧辊无冒口铸造工艺提供了科学根据。试验表明,在计算机帮助下,采用无冒口铸造能可靠地生产出无缩孔、无缩松的致密球墨铸铁轧辊。     

In Situ Observation of Collision between Exogenous and Endogenous Inclusions on Steel Melts for Active Steel Filtration

In a confocal scanning laser microscope, interactions between exogenous and endogenous inclusions on steel melts have been investigated. Higher capillary long-range attraction forces as well as higher acting lengths of the capillary forces between exogenous and endogenous particle pairs have been observed in comparison to endogenous inclusions pairs. The contribution of the roughness of the exogenous inclusions to the capillary attraction forces has been discussed and a surface filter design for a higher filtration efficiency of steel melts has been proposed.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron in Lost Foam Casting with Vibration

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the ductile cast iron （DI） specimens obtained by lost foam casting （LFC） with and without vibration were investigated. The results indicate that the number of the graphite nodule increases from 175 mm 2 of the specimens produced by LFC without vibration to 334 mm^-2 of the specimens produced by LFC with vibration, and the thickness of the ferrite shell increases. Meanwhile, the amount of the carbides decreases in the specimens produced by LFC with vibration and the granule structure then forms. These are mainly attributed to the ＂crystal shower＂ caused by the vibration. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of DI specimens produced by LFC with vibration are improved due to the dispersion-strengthening of refined carbide and Dearlite colonv, uniform distribution of the graphite nodule, and increase of the amount of dimples and tearing edges.     

Fluid Dynamics of Vortex Formation in Tundish Operations: Physical Modelling

The present study focuses on the fluid dynamics of vortex formation in tundish operations using a physical water analogue model and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The aim is to get fundamental knowledge of the nature of vortex formation that clearly represents this flow phenomenon. The results indicate that vortex formation is directly related to the highly turbulent flows present in the tundish. Great changes of velocity fields during short times and large distances between the upper edge of the dam and the free surface of the bath enhance the formation of vortex flows. Therefore, increasing tundish capacity does not guarantee steel cleanliness through long residence times if the dam height is not adjusted to the new level of liquid in the tundish.     

Fluid Dynamics of Vortex Formation in Tundish Operations: Mathematical Modelling

A mathematical model was developed to study the significance of the fluid dynamics of vortex formation in tundish operations. The aim is to contribute to the fundamental understanding of vortex formation and related phenomena. For this purpose a typical slab tundish was employed; the mathematical model was solved using FLUENT® commercial software capable to simulate highly turbulent flows. The well known k‐? turbulence model was applied to compute this effect in the process. The mathematical simulations confirmed the results from a water analogue model. The vortex formation is directly related to the highly turbulent flows present in the reactor. Great changes in velocity fields during short times and large distances between the upper edge of the dam and the free surface of the bath enhance the formation of vortex flows.     

The Morphology and Chemistry Evolution of Inclusions in Fe-Si-Al-O Melts

This study aims to elucidate the process of inclusion precipitation in Fe-Si and Fe-Si-Al melts. Deoxidation experiments were carried out in a vacuum induction furnace (VIF) at 1873 K (1600 °C). In the Si-deoxidation experiments, spherical SiO₂ of 1~2 μm diameter was dominant. When 3 wt pct Si and 300 ppm Al were added, such that Al₂O₃ and mullite were thermodynamically stable, the resulting inclusions depended on the addition sequence. When aluminum was added before silicon, spherical aluminum oxides were dominant after the Al addition, but after the Si addition, the number and size of alumina decreased and Al-Si oxides and mullite appeared with increasing time. When silicon was added before aluminum, spherical SiO₂ was dominant after the Si addition, but after the Al addition, spherical and polygonal alumina inclusions were dominant. When Al/Si was added simultaneously, polygonal alumina inclusions were dominant initially, but with time, Al-Si oxide and mullite inclusions increased in numbers. If the Al amount in the Al/Si addition was increased to 600 ppm, only alumina was found. This study shows how, under similar thermodynamic conditions, the transient evolution of inclusions in iron melts in the Si-Al-O system differ depending on the alloy addition sequence.     

Effect of Fluid Bypassing on the Experimentally Obtained Darcy and Non-Darcy Permeability Parameters of Ceramic Foam Filters

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Ceramic foam filters (CFFs) are used to remove solid particles and inclusions from molten metal. In general, molten metal which is poured on the top of...     

Modelling of Industrial Processes Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Abstract

Some examples of computational fluid dynamics in modelling and optimization of industrial processes are discussed. Examples include film cooling of turbine blades, gallium arsenide crystal growth, and black liquor recovery boilers. Modelling aspects and numerical techniques used are discussed together with some limitations and possible remedies. © 1998 Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Résumé

On discut de quelques exemples de calcul par ordinateur de la dynamique des fluides, dans la modélisation et l'optimisation de procédés industriels. Les exemples incluent le refroidissement pelliculaire d'aubes de turbine, la croissance de cristal d'arséniure de gallium et les fours de récupération de liqueur noire. On discute des aspects de la modélisation et des techniques numériques utilisées ainsi que de certaines limitations et de remèdes possibles. © 1998 Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Weldability of Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron Using Full Factorial Design of Experiment简

The weldability of a ferritic ductile cast iron was investigated as a function of different consumables and welding conditions. A 23 full factorial experimental design was used to analyze the effect of factors and their interac- tions on ultimate tensile strength of weldments. The shielded metal arc welding （SMAW） process was used with two types of consumables （E7018 and ENi-CI） under eight different conditions using as-cast samples. The microstructur- al evolution and fracture mechanisms were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, respectively. The hardness, tensile and impact tests were also performed to determine the weld quality. Based on experiment design, preheat, consumable, cooling condition, preheat cooling and preheat-consumable inter- actions were significant factors. Preheat is the most effective factor and in the case of E7018, preheat and cooling conditions were the most sensible factors. It was found that buttering was the most appropriate welding method for ferritic ductile cast iron.     

泡沫陶瓷过滤板过滤机制和选择

简要介绍了铝熔体净化用泡沫陶瓷过滤板的结构、过滤机理以及选择过滤板的原则，对使用者评价和选择泡沫陶瓷过滤板有一定的参考价值。     

Tribological Performance of Austempered and Tempered Ductile Iron

Austempered ductile iron with its unique ausferritic structure is produced by an isothermal heat treatment process. Austempered ductile iron is a potential material to substitute for traditional steel castings and forgings in current industry due to its excellent mechanical properties. The tempering process is frequently used to enhance the ductility and toughness of a material and reduce residual stress. In this research, the phase transformation of austempered ductile iron was studied by applying various tempering temperatures with constant holding duration. It was found that the ausferritic structure was decomposed into dispersive cementite particles after receiving a tempering temperature of 538 °C or higher. The specific amount of retained austenite was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The wear resistance of tempered austempered ductile iron was investigated by using a ball-on-disk sliding test configuration. The results were compared with conventional quenched and tempered ductile iron under equivalent hardness. Both austempered ductile iron and tempered austempered ductile iron samples had better wear resistance than quenched and tempered ductile iron. The results presented in this research can be utilized as a reference in the tempering treatment of austempered ductile iron material for future applications.