混流轿车总装配线的动态规划与仿真优化研究

为设计合理的轿车总装线和提高生产效率,分析了其总装工艺流程及特点.建立装配线负荷平衡的数学模型及在3种不同阶段时的目标函数,确定了设计参数的上下界限并分析了各种启发式求解算法.采用最小生产循环来研究混流装配线的产品投产排序问题,建立了基于闭环工位时间移动窗口的最小化装配线空闲与超载时间和准时生产环境下零部件消耗速率均匀化的目标函数,并分析了3种优化算法.在数字化工厂软件eM-Power的平台上建立了轿车总装车间的底盘工段与分装工段部分工位的仿真对象模型及控制逻辑.最后,进行了生产评估并验证了所建模型的有效性.     

Two-sided assembly line balancing using an ant-colony-based heuristic

Two-sided assembly line balancing (ALB) problems usually occur in plants which are producing large-sized high-volume products, such as buses, trucks, and domestic products. Many algorithms and heuristics have been proposed to balance the well known classical one-sided assembly lines. However, little attention has been paid to solve two-sided ALB problems. Moreover, according to our best knowledge, there is no published work in the literature on two-sided ALB problems with zoning constraints (2sALBz). In this study, an ant-colony-based heuristic algorithm is proposed for solving 2sALBz problems. This paper also makes one of the first attempts to show how an ant colony heuristic (ACH) can be applied to solve 2sALBz problems. In the paper, example applications are presented and computational experiments are performed to present the suitability of the ACH to solve 2sALBz problems. Promising results are obtained from the solution of several test problems.     

A comparative evaluation of assembly line balancing Heuristics

A comparative evaluation is presented of six popular assembly line balancing heuristics, namely, ranked positional weight, Kilbridge and Wester, Moodie and Young, Hoffman precedence matrix, immediate update first fit, and rank and assign heuristic. The evaluation criteria used are the number of excess stations given, line efficiency, smoothness index and CPU time. The trade and transfer phase of the Moodie and Young method is applied to all heuristics, then the results are compared based on the evaluation criteria. Twenty problems each with 5 different cycle times are used for the comparative evaluation of heuristics. All six heuristics are coded in C++ language. Among the six considered heuristics the Hoffmann enumeration procedure performs best; but, the execution time for the Hoffmann procedure is longer because this procedure enumerates all the feasible alternative sets of tasks for the stations. An erratum to this article is available at .     

面向防错的混合装配线物流监控

从装配过程的物流控制角度出发,提出了混合装配线主物流和辅助物流的控制策略和方法,给出了详细的数学模型。设计实现了基于装配过程物流控制的防错方法,提供了提高装配质量的手工混合装配线防错控制系统。结合某企业的变速器装配线,给出了系统的应用说明。     

双边装配线第二类平衡问题研究

与传统的单边装配线平衡问题不同,双边装配线平衡不仅要考虑任务优先顺序关系,而且要考虑任务操作方位以及双边并行作业的要求.为有效地解决双边装配线第二类平衡问题,建立了数学模型,并提出一种基于归组策略的启发式平衡算法.该算法利用图深度优先搜索方法,将任务进行归组,然后运用一系列启发式规则对组进行选择分配.最后,通过在某装载机总装生产线上的应用,验证了算法的有效性.     

A hybrid genetic algorithm approach to mixed-model assembly line balancing

Assembly line balancing has been a focus of interest to academics in operation management for the last four decades. Mass production has saved huge costs for manufacturers in various industries for some time. With the growing trend of greater product variability and shorter life cycles, traditional mass production is being replaced in assembly lines. The current market is intensely competitive and consumer-centric. Mixed-model assembly lines are increasing in many industrial environments. This study deals with mixed-model assembly line balancing for n models, and uses a classical genetic algorithm approach to minimize the number of workstations. We also incorporated a hybrid genetic algorithm approach that used the solution from the modified ranked positional method for the initial solution to reduce the search space within the global space, thereby reducing search time. Several examples illustrate the approach. The software used for programming is C++ language .     

A genetic-algorithm-based optimization model for scheduling flexible assembly lines

In this paper, a scheduling problem in the flexible assembly line (FAL) is investigated. The mathematical model for this problem is presented with the objectives of minimizing the weighted sum of tardiness and earliness penalties and balancing the production flow of the FAL, which considers flexible operation assignments. A bi-level genetic algorithm is developed to solve the scheduling problem. In this algorithm, a new chromosome representation is presented to tackle the operation assignment by assigning one operation to multiple machines as well as assigning multiple operations to one machine. Furthermore, a heuristic initialization process and modified genetic operators are proposed. The proposed optimization algorithm is validated using two sets of real production data. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimization model can solve the scheduling problem effectively.     

基于遗传算法的装配线负荷平衡

负荷平衡是装配线平衡设计的一个重要方面，负荷平衡的装配线不仅可以给操作人员一种公平感，而且可以减少在制品的库存，增加装配线的产出。文章针对确定型装配线，给出了简单、高效的负荷平衡遗传算法，通过求解经典装配线平衡问题，显示了这种算法的有效性和实用性。     

基于改进遗传算法的双边装配线平衡

针对目前研究较少的双边装配线平衡问题,研究了双边装配线的特点及其对平衡的特殊要求,建立了双边装配线平衡问题的数学模型.根据双边装配中任务具有操作方位约束,以及工位上分配任务的操作顺序与平衡结果直接相关等特点,提出了相应的符合问题特性的遗传算法.该算法采用基于序列、任务及其分配方位组合的编码方法,运用可行的交叉与变异算子,使搜索过程仅在可行解空间内进行,提高了效率.算例结果验证了算法的有效性.     

第2类装配线平衡问题的改进规则组合算法

针对大规模第2类单边装配线平衡问题,提出一种改进的规则组合算法。算法利用操作选择规则选择操作,根据操作分配规则择优分配操作,通过操作交换规则,将当前工位中的操作和未分配操作进行互换,使得当前工位的工位时间满足定界条件。对操作交换规则,提出其能够实施的充分条件。对两个大规模算例Arcus-111和Scholl-297进行求解,将求解结果与已有规则组合算法进行比较,验证了算法的有效性和高效性。     

求解装配线平衡问题的一种改进蚁群算法

为求解给定节拍最小化工作站数的第Ⅰ类装配线平衡问题,提出了一种改进的蚁群算法.在该算法中,针对装配线平衡问题的具体特点,给出了蚂蚁分配方案的生成策略.通过在任务和任务分配序列的位置之间释放信息素,并采用信息素总合规则进行更有效的信息素累积.为提高搜索效率,以综合考虑装配任务作业时间和后续任务数的分级位置权重为蚁群算法的启发式信息.最后,通过对大量测试问题集的验证,说明了算法的有效性.     

基于遗传算法和仿真分析的混合装配线平衡问题研究

为兼顾混合装配线平均负荷平衡和瞬时负荷平衡,提出了一种综合运用遗传算法和仿真分析的混合装配线平衡问题的求解方法.首先,基于综合作业顺序图和多品种产品在每个作业任务上的平均作业时间,采用遗传算法求解混合装配线平衡问题,其优化目标是均衡各工作站平均作业时间;然后,对遗传算法求解的一组较优解,从瞬时负荷平衡方面进行仿真分析,其优化目标是最大化各工作站利用率;最后,综合两个优化目标确定混合装配线平衡问题的最优解.通过算例分析,验证了求解方法的有效性.     

一类新的混流装配线排产优化模型

针对混流装配线的负荷均衡化问题,建立了最优化辅助工人数量的一类新的排产优化模型,分析了混流装配线的空间间隔约束和能力约束之间的关系,让明了空间间隔约束是满足工作站能力约束的充分条件.在此基础上给出了有辅助工人参与情况下的空间间隔约束不等式.对一些非线性约束进行了线性化处理,从而可以方便地求解模型.最后,通过仿真实例验让了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

混流装配线平衡分析与算法设计

为了设计合理可靠的混流装配线并有效地提高装配线的平衡率,分析了混流装配线的特点并设计了一种以工序对调为核心思想的新算法,该算法的逻辑结构较为简易且兼容性高,能够与现有的大部分投产排序方法相结合,对装配线做进一步平衡优化处理.具体地描述了新算法的原理和执行过程,最后将该算法应用到某厂的汽车车灯线束装配线上,结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

IE技术在发动机装配线作业改善中的应用

从作业时间测定和装配线平衡率的基本概念出发,引入利用动作分析研究提高装配线平衡率,文章以某发动机的装配线为例,首次运用多媒体技术并结合X-σ质量控制图测定装配线各工序的作业时间,并分析了该装配线平衡率,得出了发动机的活塞连杆总成是该装配线的瓶颈工序;其次利用达宝易软件对瓶颈工序活塞连杆总成进行动作分析与优化,使装配线平衡率提高了21个百分点,日产能从81台提高到114台,最后认识到IE技术对提高装配线平衡率方面作用显著。     

利用Simio的装配线建模与仿真研究

针对JY公司某型号的橡胶履带式特种车前车总装线生产不平衡问题,运用装配线平衡理论以及仿真软件Simio进行建模和仿真分析,找出影响装配线生产能力的瓶颈工位,并计算出各工位工人的时间利用率。运用"5W1H"提问法、"ECRS"(取消、合并、重排、简化)四大原则以及装配线平衡理论,对装配线的工位及工人配置进行优化。最后通过Simio仿真验证,得到新的装配线能够大幅度地提高工人的时间利用率,解决了装配线不平衡的问题,并且在60天内装配量增加了40辆。     

基于精益生产的离合器盖及总成装配线改善

基于精益生产的思想,采用工业工程分析方法对寓合器装配线进行产品生产流程分析、生产线平衡分析、双人作业活动分析,并此基础上提出了改善生产线平衡的方法。通过改善前后的数据对比得出改善结果：生产线平衡率得到较大提高、产品的生产节拍大大降低、生产线的产能得到显著提高。     

A bidirectional heuristic for stochastic assembly line balancing Type II problem

In this paper, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the single-model stochastic assembly line balancing Type II problem. For a given number of workstations and a pre-specified assembly line reliability, which is the probability of the workload not exceeding the cycle time for the whole assembly line, the proposed algorithm tries to obtain a solution with the smallest cycle time. In the first stage, the tasks are assigned to workstations from the forward and backward directions alternatively. In the second stage, the workload is smoothed by swapping tasks among workstations. At last, the upper bound of the cycle time obtained in the second stage is reduced step by step until the smallest cycle time satisfies the pre-specified assembly line reliability. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with a modified version of Moodie and Youngs algorithm by applying them to some literature problems. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient in minimizing the cycle time for the single-model stochastic assembly line balancing problem.     

基于eM_Plant的发动机装配线平衡研究

以上汽乘用车发动机厂为案例,通过eM_Plant软件进行仿真,运用人工平衡的方法,对该装配线进行了分析和改进,指出平衡问题是装配线的设计与管理中的重要部分,会直接影响到制造系统的生产率。     

基于RFID的混流装配汽车生产线物料动态配送研究

针对混流装配的汽车自动化生产线提出了基于RFID的车辆追踪和基于条码的无线物料库存管理实现方法.在此基础上,设计了装配生产线的物料动态配送调度业务流程,给出了物料动态配送的规划依据,并进行了实例计算.