中温化学镀镍工艺及添加剂的研究

鉴于目前化学镀镍工艺存在的镀液温度高、能耗大及稳定性差等缺点,提出了一种中温化学镀镍工艺。在正交试验结果的基础上,采用三种汪厍剂组合使用,分别研究了络合剂、组合添加剂、温度及ＰＨ值对镀层沉积速度的影响。结果表明：采用组合添加剂能明显提高镀液的稳定性及沉积速度。     

化学镀镍液稳定性的综合评价

通过对化学镀镍液的氯化把试验、镇液使用寿命及溶液稳定常数的比较，提出了一种对化学镀镍液稳定性的综合评价指标：即以镀液稳定常数及镀液使用寿命来表达化学镀镍法的稳定性，并可以此来确定化学镀镍溶液体系的性质。     

稳定剂对化学镀镍液稳定性的影响

以镀液稳定性、沉积效率、镀层性能为评价指标,研究重金属稳定剂、稀土稳定剂、有机酸稳定剂等不同稳定剂对低温碱性化学镀镍的影响。结果表明:向化学镀镍液中添加以丁二酸、OH-、硫脲为组合的有机酸稳定剂,可以有效提升化学镀镍液的稳定性及沉积效率。     

低温超声波化学镀镍工艺研究

为降低常规化学镀的施镀温度,采用低温超声波化学镀镍工艺,研究了镀液成分,工艺条件的影响。与传统化学镀镍工艺相比,该工艺所得镀层含磷量高,硬度高,组织结构致密均匀。     

新型化学镀镍工艺

介绍了一种新型化学镀镍工艺.分析了各单因素及组合方案对镀速、镀液稳定性及镀层性能的影响.结果表明,使用组合光亮剩的镀液镀速高,稳定性好,获得的镀层孔隙率低、耐蚀性好、硬度高.     

化学镀镍连续生产工艺研究

研究了一种非自动化控制化学镀镍连续生产工艺。介绍了化学镀镍工艺流程及镀液配方，着重探讨了化学镀镍过程中镍液成分的消耗、分析及补充，介绍了镀槽的阳极保护设计及镀液的维护，确定了化学镀镍连续生产工艺。该工艺所得镀层光滑、致密、耐蚀性好，槽壁无金属镍析出。     

高速化学镀镍

以次亚磷钠为还原剂的酸性化学镀镍工艺所得到的镀层具有耐蚀性好、厚度均匀、硬度高、耐磨性好等特点,使其成为发展最快的表面处理手段之一［１］。目前国内酸性化学镀镍溶液的镀速一般在１３～１７μｍｈ之间,镀速超过２０μｍｈ则称为高速化学镀镍［２］。为了降低成本,提高效率,人们不断地探索高速化学镀镍新工艺。但是镀速的提高使镀镍过程中亚磷酸镍副产物急剧增加,极易引发镀液自分解。因此,对于高速化学镀镍工艺来说,行之有效的镀液配制、调整、维护与再生方法是至关重要的。我们开发了一种镀速在２５μｍｈ左右的高速…     

酸性化学镀镍工业化生产的控制

通过对ＨＮＬ型酸性化学镀镍工艺的实践，提出了在工业化生产中控制的要点为：工件前处理，镀槽及挂具有处理，镀液温度、ｐＨ值，补充和调整，镀液过滤净化，镀液寿命，镀层外观，厚度，附着力以及废镀液的安全处置等。     

低温化学镀镍工艺的研究

在酸性化学镀镍电解液中，改变络合剂和种类和浓度，降低了化学镀镍沉积温度，使该镀液在ｐＨ４．６、温度为７０℃条件下，沉积速度可维持１５μｍ／ｈ。用ＸＲＤ分析了镀层微观结构，ＳＥＭ观察了镀层形貌，并对镀层进行了耐蚀性试验。     

快速光亮化学镀镍工艺

弱酸性化学镀镍溶液体系采用复合配位剂以及一种添加剂,在80～90℃范围内可获得光亮镍磷合金镀层,沉积速率可达20μm/h.研究了温度、pH值及镀液成份对化学镀镍层沉积速率的影响,并讨论了镀液的稳定性及添加剂的作用.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.