图像分割中的模糊聚类方法

模糊聚类算法是近年来图像分割技术领域的研究热点之一。在对模糊C均值聚类算法分析的基础上,结合目前在图像分割中的应用研究,对模糊C均值聚类算法的测度方式进行了比较分析,从单分辨率、多分辨率以及与其他算法结合3个方面,评述改进的模糊C均值聚类算法优缺点。最后,讨论模糊C均值聚类算法目前存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

Multi-variable fuzzy forecasting based on fuzzy clustering and fuzzy rule interpolation techniques

In this paper, we present a new method for multi-variable fuzzy forecasting based on fuzzy clustering and fuzzy rule interpolation techniques. First, the proposed method constructs training samples based on the variation rates of the training data set and then uses the training samples to construct fuzzy rules by making use of the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm, where each fuzzy rule corresponds to a given cluster. Then, we determine the weight of each fuzzy rule with respect to the input observations and use such weights to determine the predicted output, based on the multiple fuzzy rules interpolation scheme. We apply the proposed method to the temperature prediction problem and the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) data. The experimental results show that the proposed method produces better forecasting results than several existing methods.     

基于模糊聚类的背景初始化方法

为了从具有运动物体前景的公路监控视频中提取出初始背景,提出一种基于模糊聚类识别的背景建模算法。利用模糊聚类识别方法从时间轴上总体呈多相似值分布的像素点中提取出背景子类,实现背景初始化。结果表明,该方法具有良好的适应性,能有效地对背景进行初始化,可以显著降低目前动态背景建模方法的计算量和内存需求量,易于在实时嵌入式系统上实现。     

Type-2 fuzzy neural networks with fuzzy clustering and differential evolution optimization

In many real-world problems involving pattern recognition, system identification and modeling, control, decision making, and forecasting of time-series, available data are quite often of uncertain nature. An interesting alternative is to employ type-2 fuzzy sets, which augment fuzzy models with expressive power to develop models, which efficiently capture the factor of uncertainty. The three-dimensional membership functions of type-2 fuzzy sets offer additional degrees of freedom that make it possible to directly and more effectively account for model’s uncertainties. Type-2 fuzzy logic systems developed with the aid of evolutionary optimization forms a useful modeling tool subsequently resulting in a collection of efficient “If-Then” rules.The type-2 fuzzy neural networks take advantage of capabilities of fuzzy clustering by generating type-2 fuzzy rule base, resulting in a small number of rules and then optimizing membership functions of type-2 fuzzy sets present in the antecedent and consequent parts of the rules. The clustering itself is realized with the aid of differential evolution.Several examples, including a benchmark problem of identification of nonlinear system, are considered. The reported comparative analysis of experimental results is used to quantify the performance of the developed networks.     

A method of relational fuzzy clustering based on producing feature vectors using FastMap

The first stage of organizing objects is to partition them into groups or clusters. The clustering is generally done on individual object data representing the entities such as feature vectors or on object relational data incorporated in a proximity matrix.This paper describes another method for finding a fuzzy membership matrix that provides cluster membership values for all the objects based strictly on the proximity matrix. This is generally referred to as relational data clustering. The fuzzy membership matrix is found by first finding a set of vectors that approximately have the same inter-vector Euclidian distances as the proximities that are provided. These vectors can be of very low dimension such as 5 or less. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is then applied to these vectors to obtain a fuzzy membership matrix. In addition two-dimensional vectors are also created to provide a visual representation of the proximity matrix. This allows comparison of the result of automatic clustering to visual clustering. The method proposed here is compared to other relational clustering methods including NERFCM, Rouben’s method and Windhams A-P method. Various clustering quality indices are also calculated for doing the comparison using various proximity matrices as input. Simulations show the method to be very effective and no more computationally expensive than other relational data clustering methods. The membership matrices that are produced by the proposed method are less crisp than those produced by NERFCM and more representative of the proximity matrix that is used as input to the clustering process.     

基于模糊聚类的车辆跟驰隶属度函数确定方法

当前研究确定车辆跟驰模糊推理隶属度函数时所采用的方法主要是专家法,不能精确获得车辆跟驰隶属度函数。针对于此,提出根据模糊聚类分析的方法,考虑车辆跟驰数据内部的关联性,利用基于高斯函数的隶属度函数确定方法,进行车辆跟驰模糊集的划分和隶属度函数的确定。使用真实的车辆轨迹数据,将后车速度、前后车相对速度、车间距作为输入变量,后车加速度作为输出变量建立模糊推理系统,对论文提出的基于模糊聚类的车辆跟驰隶属度函数确定方法进行评价。结果表明：本文提出的新方法能真实反映数据本身的特征和驾驶员的心理生理特性,其推理结果与真实数据误差较小,可用于分析模糊推理的车辆跟驰行为特点。     

基于核的直觉模糊聚类算法

针对现有的直觉模糊聚类算法性能的问题,提出一种基于核的直觉模糊聚类算法(IFKCM)。该算法引入高斯核函数,将直觉模糊集合从原始观察空间映射到高维特征空间,减少了计算时间且提高了聚类精度;同时改进了现有的直觉模糊聚类算法中的概率型约束条件,使其对噪声和野值点具有较好的鲁棒性。最后,通过实际数据和人工数据与常用聚类算法进行了对比实验,结果表明该算法较大幅度地提高了直觉模糊聚类算法的性能。     

模糊本体构建的概念距离聚类方法

针对手工构建模糊本体工作量大且构建效率低的问题,结合模糊集理论和模糊概念格的结构惟一性等特点,提出一种基于模糊概念格的概念距离聚类方法来构建模糊本体.用渐进式方法构建出模糊概念格,并计算模糊概念格中节点的模糊参数,对其进行概念距离聚类处理,得到模糊概念层次,最后映射为模糊本体.其构建实例验证了该构建方法的可用性和有效性.     

一种协同的可能性模糊聚类算法

模糊C-均值聚类（FCM）对噪声数据敏感和可能性C-均值聚类（PCM）对初始中心非常敏感易导致一致性聚类。协同聚类算法利用不同特征子集之间的协同关系并与其他算法相结合,可提高原有的聚类性能。对此,在可能性C-均值聚类算法（PCM）基础上将其与协同聚类算法相结合,提出一种协同的可能性C-均值模糊聚类算法（C-FCM）。该算法在改进的PCM的基础上,提高了对数据集的聚类效果。在对数据集Wine和Iris进行测试的结果表明,该方法优于PCM算法,说明该算法的有效性。     

一种扩展的条件模糊C-均值聚类算法

在综合分析标准的模糊C-均值聚类算法和条件模糊C-均值聚类算法基础上,对模糊划分空间进行修改,进一步弱化模糊划分矩阵的约束,给出一种扩展的条件模糊C-均值聚类算法。算法的划分矩阵和原型不依赖于背景约束及模糊划分矩阵的隶属度总和。实验结果表明：该算法可以得到不同的聚类原型,并具有很好的聚类效果。     

基于改进型模糊聚类的模糊系统建模方法

结合减法聚类和模糊C均值聚类,提出了一种改进型聚类算法,加快了收敛速度．利用改进后的算法对模糊系统输入或输出的样本集聚类,对聚类结果采用Trust-Region法拟合高斯型和S型函数,以实现模糊系统输入、输出空间的划分和隶属度函数参数的确定．结合MATLAB的模糊和曲线拟合工具箱,详述了如何在标准算法上进行改进和模糊系统建模．通过对IRIS标准数据聚类实验以及在解决机械加工误差复映问题上的应用,验证了改进后算法和建模方法的有效性．     

一个改进的模糊聚类有效性指标

聚类有效性指标既可用来评价聚类结果的有效性,也可以用来确定最佳聚类数。根据模糊聚类的基本特性,提出了一种新的模糊聚类有效性指标。该指标结合了数据集的分布特征和数据隶属度两个重要因素来评价聚类结果,提高了判别的准确性。实验证明,该指标能对模糊聚类结果进行正确的评价,并自动获得最佳聚类数,特别是对类间有交叠的情况能够做出准确判定。     

A size-insensitive integrity-based fuzzy c-means method for data clustering

Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is one of the most popular techniques for data clustering. Since FCM tends to balance the number of data points in each cluster, centers of smaller clusters are forced to drift to larger adjacent clusters. For datasets with unbalanced clusters, the partition results of FCM are usually unsatisfactory. Cluster size insensitive FCM (csiFCM) dealt with “cluster-size sensitivity” problem by dynamically adjusting the condition value for the membership of each data point based on cluster size after the defuzzification step in each iterative cycle. However, the performance of csiFCM is sensitive to both the initial positions of cluster centers and the “distance” between adjacent clusters. In this paper, we present a cluster size insensitive integrity-based FCM method called siibFCM to improve the deficiency of csiFCM. The siibFCM method can determine the membership contribution of every data point to each individual cluster by considering cluster's integrity, which is a combination of compactness and purity. “Compactness” represents the distribution of data points within a cluster while “purity” represents how far a cluster is away from its adjacent cluster. We tested our siibFCM method and compared with the traditional FCM and csiFCM methods extensively by using artificially generated datasets with different shapes and data distributions, synthetic images, real images, and Escherichia coli dataset. Experimental results showed that the performance of siibFCM is superior to both traditional FCM and csiFCM in terms of the tolerance for “distance” between adjacent clusters and the flexibility of selecting initial cluster centers when dealing with datasets with unbalanced clusters.     

Interactive clustering and merging with a new fuzzy expected value

Major problems exist in both crisp and fuzzy clustering algorithms. The fuzzy c-means type of algorithms use weights determined by a power m of inverse distances that remains fixed over all iterations and over all clusters, even though smaller clusters should have a larger m. Our method uses a different “distance” for each cluster that changes over the early iterations to fit the clusters. Comparisons show improved results. We also address other perplexing problems in clustering: (i) find the optimal number K of clusters; (ii) assess the validity of a given clustering; (iii) prevent the selection of seed vectors as initial prototypes from affecting the clustering; (iv) prevent the order of merging from affecting the clustering; and (v) permit the clusters to form more natural shapes rather than forcing them into normed balls of the distance function. We employ a relatively large number K of uniformly randomly distributed seeds and then thin them to leave fewer uniformly distributed seeds. Next, the main loop iterates by assigning the feature vectors and computing new fuzzy prototypes. Our fuzzy merging then merges any clusters that are too close to each other. We use a modified Xie-Bene validity measure as the goodness of clustering measure for multiple values of K in a user-interaction approach where the user selects two parameters (for eliminating clusters and merging clusters after viewing the results thus far). The algorithm is compared with the fuzzy c-means on the iris data and on the Wisconsin breast cancer data.     

基于层次分析法的模糊分类优选模型

不同的模糊分类算法在同一个数据集合上常会产生不同的模糊分类．究竟哪种方法最能揭示数据的真实结构，对此，以模糊分类有效性指标为评价指标，应用层次分析法对各模糊分类进行综合评价，建立了一个模糊分类优选模型．大量实验表明，该优选模型所选出的最优模糊分类，其模式识别率高，能揭示数据的真实结构．     

Identification of transparent, compact, accurate and reliable linguistic fuzzy models

Transparency, accuracy, compactness and reliability all appear to be vital (even though somewhat contradictory) requirements when it comes down to linguistic fuzzy modeling. This paper presents a methodology for simultaneous optimization of these criteria by chaining previously published various algorithms - a heuristic fully automated identification algorithm that is able to extract sufficiently accurate, yet reliable and transparent models from data and two algorithms for subsequent simplification of the model that are able to reduce the number of output parameters as well as the number of fuzzy rules with only a marginal negative effect to the accuracy of the model.     

改进的快速模糊C-均值聚类算法

为解决模糊C-均值(FCM)聚类算法在大数据量中存在的计算量大、运行时间过长的问题,提出了一种改进方法：先用多次随机取样聚类得到的类中心作为FCM算法的初始类中心,以减少FCM算法收敛所需的迭代次数;接着通过数据约减,压缩参与迭代运算的数据集,减少每次迭代过程的运算时间。该方法使FCM算法运算速度大大提高,且不影响算法的聚类效果。     

基于密度的模糊代表点聚类算法

结合密度聚类和模糊聚类的特点,提出一种基于密度的模糊代表点聚类算法.首先利用密度对数据点成为候选聚类中心点的可能性进行处理,密度越高的点成为聚类中心点的可能性越大;然后利用模糊方法对聚类中心点进行确定;最后通过合并聚类中心点确定最终的聚类中心.所提出算法具有很好的自适应性,能够处理不同形状的聚类问题,无需提前规定聚类个数,能够自动确定真实存在的聚类中心点,可解释性好.通过结合不同聚类方法的优点,最终实现对数据的有效划分.此外,所提出的算法对于聚类数和初始化、处理不同形状的聚类问题以及应对异常值等方面具有较好的鲁棒性.通过在人工数据集和UCI真实数据集上进行实验,表明所提出算法具有较好的聚类性能和广泛的适用性.