Event‐triggered predictive control for networked control systems with network‐induced delays and packet dropouts

This paper presents an event‐triggered predictive control approach to stabilize a networked control system subject to network‐induced delays and packet dropouts, for which the states are not measurable. An observer‐based event generator is first designed according to the deviation between the state estimation at the current time and the one at the last trigger time. A predictive control scheme with a selector is then proposed to compensate the effect of network‐induced delays and packet dropouts. Sufficient conditions for stabilization of the networked control system are derived by solving linear matrix inequalities and the corresponding gains of the controller and the observer are obtained. It is shown that the event‐triggered implementation is able to realize reduction in communication and save bandwidth resources of feedback channel networks. A simulation example of an inverted pendulum model illustrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme.     

具有长时延及丢包的网络控制系统稳定性分析

研究了同时具有大于一个采样周期的随机传输时延及数据包丢失的网络控制系统的稳定性问题．对于给定的数据包丢失率,网络控制系统被建模为具有两个事件速率约束的异步动态系统,利用异步动态系统理论给出了网络控制系统指数稳定的充分条件,状态反馈控制器可通过解一组矩阵不等式求出．仿真示例验证了所提出方法的有效性．     

Guaranteed cost active fault-tolerant control of networked control system with packet dropout and transmission delay

The problem of guaranteed cost active fault-tolerant controller (AFTC) design for networked control systems (NCSs) with both packet dropout and transmission delay is studied in this paper. Considering the packet dropout and transmission delay, a piecewise constant controller is adopted. With a guaranteed cost function, optimal controllers whose number is equal to the number of actuators are designed, and the design process is formulated as a convex optimal problem that can be solved by existing software. The control strategy is proposed as follows: when actuator failures appear, the fault detection and isolation unit sends out the information to the controller choosing strategy, and then the optimal stabilizing controller with the smallest guaranteed cost value is chosen. Two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. By comparing with the existing methods, it can be seen that our method has a better performance.     

Compensation for control packet dropout in networked control systems

With the integration of communication networks and distributed control in modern manufacturing and process industries, networked control systems (NCSs) are becoming increasingly important due to its simplicity, scalability, flexibility, and cost effectiveness. However, there are still significant technical barriers that limit the applications of NCS technologies. Two challenges are network-induced time delay and data packet dropout. Applying a real-time queuing protocol that we developed recently, we are able to limit the sum of the network-induced communication delay and the control computation delay within a control period. This one-period delay is further guaranteed by well designed compensation for control packet dropout. Then, this paper proposes to compensate for the control packet dropout at the actuator using past control signals. Three model-free strategies for control packet dropout compensation, namely, PD (proportional plus derivative), PD2 (proportional plus up to the second-order derivative), and PD3 (proportional plus up to the third-order derivative) are developed. They are suitable for a large number of NCSs without the need to tune the compensator parameters. The proposed dropout compensation schemes are demonstrated through numerical examples.     

State feedback control synthesis for networked control systems with packet dropout

This paper is concerned with the problem of H_∞ controller design for networked control systems (NCSs) with time delay and packet dropout. A combined switching and parameter uncertainty‐based method is proposed to deal with time‐varying delay. The proposed method can avoid the high computational complexity of the delay switching‐based method and introduce less conservatism than the parameter uncertainty‐based method. An active varying sampling period method is proposed to make full use of network bandwidth, and a multi‐objective optimization methodology in terms of linear matrix inequalities is used to deal with H_∞ controller design for NCSs with active varying sampling period. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed active varying sampling period method and the less conservatism of the combined switching and parameter uncertainty‐based method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Time delay and packet dropout compensation for networked control systems: a linear estimation method

This article studies the problem of H _∞ controller design for networked control systems (NCSs) with time delay and packet dropout. A linear estimation-based time delay and packet dropout compensation method is proposed. The delay switching-based method is presented to deal with the variation of time delay, and H _∞ controller design is presented for NCSs with packet dropout compensation by using linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based method. Then the combined delay switching and parameter uncertainty-based method is presented to model the variation of time delay, and H _∞ controller design is also presented. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the newly proposed linear estimation-based time delay and packet dropout compensation.     

Output tracking control for networked control systems with time delay and packet dropout

This article studies the problems of H _∞ output tracking performance analysis and controller design for networked control systems (NCSs) with time delay and packet dropout. By using linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based method, H _∞ output tracking performance analysis and controller design are presented for NCSs with constant sampling period. For NCSs with time-varying sampling period, a multi-objective optimisation methodology in terms of LMIs is used to deal with H _∞ output tracking performance analysis and controller design. The designed controllers can guarantee asymptotic tracking of prescribed reference outputs while rejecting disturbances. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed H _∞ output tracking controller design.     

具有数据包丢失的奇异网络控制系统指数稳定性

考虑存在时延和数据包丢失的情况,研究了奇异被控对象的网络控制系统建模与指数稳定性问题.当时延不大于一个采样周期且数据包丢失率一定时,将正则、无脉冲的奇异网络控制系统建模为数据包丢失率约束的异步动态切换系统,给出了状态反馈和动态输出反馈的统一数学模型;推导出数据包丢失率约束的系统指数稳定的充分条件,给出了使系统指数稳定的最大允许数据包丢失率,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

具有数据包丢失的网络控制系统主动容错控制

在保证稳定性的前提下,研究具有数据包丢失的网络控制系统主动容错控制问题.基于一类包含马尔可夫丢包过程的网络控制系统模型,考虑了执行器可能失效的情况.利用Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式方法,获得了系统的保性能被动容错控制器.从控制性能的角度考虑,针对不同的执行器失效模式,得到了丢包网络环境下系统的主动客错控制器的设计方法.数值示例表明,该控制器设计方法是有效的.     

一类具有数据包丢失的网络控制系统的最优控制

针对控制器和执行器均采用时钟驱动且最大丢包率和最大连续丢包长度被限定的短时延网络控制系统,提出一种数据包丢失的估值补偿方法.该方法可以根据历史状态向量和控制向量信息估算出当前的控制量.利用该方法和动态规划算法,导出了离散二次型性能指标下的网络控制系统的最优控制序列,进而给出最优控制律的实现算法.数值仿真算例验证了所得结果的有效性和正确性.     

时延与丢包情形下的网络控制系统量化反馈镇定

网络控制系统是通过实时网络来形成闭环反馈的控制系统。网络的介入会带来许多不确定因素,包括网络诱导时延和数据包丢失以及量化误差,它们会影响系统的稳定性,严重时甚至会导致系统失稳。本文针对短时延网络控制系统,考虑传感器-控制器和控制器-执行器两个通道都存在数据包丢失,在传感器到控制器端设立量化器,将系统建模为一个异步动态系统,利用异步动态系统指数稳定性理论、线性矩阵不等式工具分析了闭环系统稳定性,并基于MATLAB软件的线性矩阵不等式(LMI)工具箱实验仿真进行有效性验证,结果证明了方案的可行性,最后给出控制器参数的设计方法。     

具有时延和数据包丢失的动车组网络控制系统建模方法研究

提出了一种具有时延和数据包丢失的动车组网络控制系统(NCSs)建模方法。假设网络时延小于采样周期,数据包传输成功率是固定的。动车组网络控制系统可以被描述为一个事件驱动的异步动态系统,使用动态输出反馈控制方法,讨论了闭环网络控制系统的稳定性。     

具有时延和数据包丢失的网络控制系统稳定性

针对单数据包传输情况,将同时存在网络诱导时延和数据包丢失的网络控制系统建模为具有事件约束的异步动态系统,依据Lyapunov稳定性原理,提出了同时存在网络诱导时延和数据包丢失的网络控制系统指数稳定的网络诱导时延条件和数据包丢失条件,对条件进行了实例仿真验证,仿真结果表明该条件是有效的.     

具有数据包丢失及多包传输的网络控制系统稳定性

在分析网络数据包丢失和多包传输原因的基础上,研究存在数据包丢失和多包传输的网络控制系统稳定性问题.根据网络数据包丢失模型,提出了信号传输成功率应满足的系统指数稳定性条件,并依据具有事件概率限制的异步动态系统理论建立了多包传输网络控制系统模型,给出了判定系统指数稳定性的充分条件.仿真示例验证了上述判定系统稳定性条件的有效性.     

Stabilization of nonlinear networked probabilistic interval delay systems with sensor random packet dropout

In this paper, the problem of stabilization for nonlinear networked systems with probabilistic interval delay and sensor random packet dropout is investigated. By employing the information of probabilistic distribution of time‐varying delay and considering random sensor packet dropout with compensation, the nonlinear stochastic delayed system model is established. Based on the obtained model, by choosing an appropriate Lyapunov function and utilizing a new discrete Jensen‐type inequality, sufficient conditions are derived to obtain the relation of the maximum allowable delay bound, delay interval occurrence rate and packet dropout rate to the stochastic stability of nonlinear networked control systems. Two kinds of design procedures for output feedback controller are also presented in terms of solving corresponding linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of proposed techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Stochastic stability of networked control systems with network-induced delay and data dropout

This paper deals with the stochastic stability of networked control systems with the presence of network- induced delay and transmitted data dropout. Based on the Lyapunov approach, sufficient conditions for the mean-square stability of the networked control system are derived subject that the sequence of transmission interval is driven by an identically independently distributed sequence and by a finite state Markov chain, respectively. Stabilization controllers are constructed in terms of linear matrix inequalities correspondingly. An example is provided to illustrate our results.     

Output-feedback MRAC of networked control systems with packet dropout

In this article, a technique of output-feedback model reference adaptive control for networked control systems is developed. The key issues of networked control systems such as channel bandwidth and data-packets dropout induced by the insertion of data networks in the feedback adaptive control loops are considered. The advantage of this article over earlier ones is that the combination of different aspects in networked control systems, output-feedback model reference control of systems with unknown parameters, and unknown data-packets dropout. Error models, adaptive laws, and stability analysis are derived in the case of uncertainty due to data-packets dropout. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated in a practical numerical example of a ship-steering adaptive system.     

Finite-time boundedness and stabilisation of networked control systems with bounded packet dropout

In this paper, the finite-time boundedness and stabilisation problems of a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with bounded packet dropout are investigated. The main results provided in the paper are sufficient conditions for finite-time boundedness and stability via state feedback. An iterative approach is proposed to model NCSs with bounded packet dropout as jump linear systems (JLSs). Based on Lyapunov stability theory and JLSs theory, the sufficient conditions for finite-time boundedness and stabilisation of the underlying systems are derived via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) formulation. Moreover, both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator packet dropouts are considered simultaneously. Lastly, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.     

具有长时延及丢包的网络控制系统H∞ 鲁棒滤波

研究了同时具有大于一个采样周期的随机传输时延及数据包丢失的网络控制系统H∞滤波问题.对于给定的丢包率,滤波误差系统被建模为具有两个事件速率约束的异步动态系统,利用异步动态系统理论给出滤波误差系统满足指数稳定和H∞性能指标的充分条件.H∞滤波器可通过解一组线性矩阵不等式求出.仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Asymptotic stability analysis of nonlinear real-time networked control systems

The paper deals with the problem of the asymptotic stability for general continuous nonlinear networked control systems （NCSs）. Based on Lyapunov stability theorem combined with improved Razumikhin technique, the sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability for the system are derived. With the proposed method, the estimate of maximum allowable delay bound （MADB） for linear networked control system is also given. Compared to the other methods, the proposed method gives a much less conservative MADB and more general results. Numerical examples and some simulations are worked out to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method.