聚氯乙烯阻燃抑烟技术研究进展

介绍了聚氯乙烯阻燃抑烟机制及其分类,阻燃抑烟剂按组分不同分为无机、有机和复合型阻燃抑烟剂,综述了阻燃抑烟剂反应机制和性能的研究进展,展望了未来的发展和应用趋势。     

聚氯乙烯(PVC)阻燃抑烟的研究进展

介绍了聚氯乙烯(PVC)的阻燃抑烟机理,综述了近年来国内外聚氯乙烯(PVC)阻燃抑烟剂的研究进展,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

PVC阻燃抑烟的研究进展

介绍了聚氯乙烯(PVC)的热降解机理及燃烧特性。综述了PVC阻燃抑烟剂(如阻燃增塑剂、金属化合物、含硼阻燃剂、微胶囊红磷和无机填料等)的研究,特别提及了一些过渡金属(如Mo、Cu与Fe的化合物)在PVC抑烟中的明显作用。比较了各种阻燃抑烟方法的优缺点。采用阻燃剂和抑烟剂复合对PVC协同阻燃抑烟是未来的研究方向。     

纳米双羟基复合金属氧化物(LDHs)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)阻燃抑烟研究

总结了聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料燃烧时产生烟雾的机理及其阻燃抑烟原理,并且在已开发出的常用无机阻燃抑烟剂的基础上研究了一种新型的无毒环保型无机纳米级阻燃抑烟剂———纳米双羟基复合金属氧化物(LDHs)。分析了其对PVC的阻燃抑烟机理,并且试验证实了它的阻燃抑烟效果。试验结果表明,该阻燃剂只需少量添加就有明显的阻燃抑烟效果,并且克服了以往由于大量添加无机阻燃剂而造成的力学性能下降的缺点,是一种很有发展前景的新型阻燃抑烟剂。     

隧道沥青路面阻燃抑烟技术及机理研究进展

介绍了沥青燃烧特性及阻燃机理,综述了隧道沥青路面阻燃技术和沥青抑烟技术。从组成成分对比分析了阻燃剂阻燃、组分阻燃、多孔结构阻燃、纳米阻燃及复合协同阻燃等阻燃技术的优势和不足;从改进制备工艺和添加抑烟除味剂等方面介绍了沥青抑烟技术的特点,并归纳了沥青阻燃抑烟性能测试方法,最后分析了隧道沥青路面阻燃抑烟技术面临的问题并展望其前景,为改善隧道沥青路面阻燃抑烟性能提供理论参考。     

装饰用木粉/聚氯乙烯木塑复合材料阻燃抑烟的研究

研究了八钼酸铵以及八钼酸铵与其他阻燃剂复合对木粉/聚氯乙烯木塑复合材料阻燃抑烟性能的影响。结果表明:单独添加八钼酸铵、或者八钼酸铵与其他阻燃剂复合,都可以提高木粉/聚氯乙烯木塑复合材料的阻燃性能;其中添加了水滑石和氢氧化镁复合体系明显降低了热释放速率和烟释放速率,热释放速率降低了27%,烟释放速率降低了60%,显示出更好的抑烟效果。通过烟密度测试验证了1#配方复合体系的抑烟性能,烟密度等级由87降到68。     

新型阻燃抑烟多功能添加剂受欢迎

青岛华舜工贸有限公司工业化批量生产的低水硼酸镁和低水硼酸铝系列新型阻燃抑烟多功能添加剂近来受到用户好评。低水硼酸镁和低水硼酸铝具有很好的阻燃抑烟、热稳定性、成炭性、抑制阴燃和防止生成熔滴等多种功效,与硼酸锌相比密度较小、价格较低,又具有与硼酸锌相同的阻燃抑烟机理,主要适用于聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、橡胶、弹性体、环氧树脂、不饱和树脂、聚氨酯等的阻燃抑烟改性。     

聚氯乙烯阻燃抑烟研究现状

介绍近几年来聚氯乙烯阻燃抑烟研究的最新进展，为今后开展同类工作提供了一些思路。     

阻燃抑烟沥青混合料研究进展

为梳理阻燃抑烟沥青混合料研究现状,阐述了沥青热解与烟气产生的相关过程。其次,对现有的阻燃抑烟性能测试方法进行了总结,并将沥青烟气释放量测试方法分为质量损失法与吸附法。对阻燃沥青、阻燃纤维、多孔型阻燃路面三种沥青路面阻燃技术进行了介绍,并分析了降低拌合温度与添加抑烟组分两种抑烟手段的特点。针对沥青路面阻燃抑烟研究热点,提出了沥青路面阻燃抑烟后续研究要点与方向。     

纳米阻燃抑烟PVC的研究进展

PVC是一种应用广泛的高分子材料,但因其具有热稳定性差、易燃烧、发烟量大的缺点而限制了发展,因此PVC的阻燃与抑烟成为阻燃科学研究领域的关键问题之一。纳米型阻燃抑烟剂克服了传统型阻燃抑烟剂添加量大、阻燃抑烟效果不明显的缺点,为研究和解决PVC阻燃抑烟提供了一个新途径。本文介绍了PVC纳米阻燃抑烟剂的制备方法、表征手段及其在PVC中的应用以及PVC降解、阻燃与抑烟的表征,最后简要论述PVC阻燃抑烟的发展趋势。     

FeOOH/Sb2O3对PVC共混物的阻燃消烟作用

分析了铁化物／锑化物的阻燃消烟作用。实验结果表明,锑化物和铁化物在ABS／PVC共混物中,可以增加共混物的阻燃能力,同时发现两种金属氧化物在减少高分子燃烧时的发烟量方面有协同作用。在共混物燃烧过程中,对增加烧焦物的形成有促进作用。     

粉煤灰/三氧化二锑对软质聚氯乙烯阻燃消烟作用研究

将粉煤灰(Flyash)、三氧化二锑(Sb₂O₃)复合阻燃剂加入软质聚氯乙烯(PVC),制备PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash复合材料。通过氧指数(LOI)、TG、锥形量热、SEM等测试,探究Flyash和Sb₂O₃的协同效应,对PVC阻燃抑烟性能的影响。结果表明:当m(PVC)∶m(Sb₂O₃)∶m(Flyash)=100∶4∶3,PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash具有较好的阻燃抑烟性能,其LOI可达到33.9%。PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash的阻燃抑烟性比PVC/Sb₂O₃和PVC好。PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash的热释放速率降低、热稳定性增强,成炭率更高。PVC/Sb₂O₃/Flyash难点燃,火灾性能指数(FPI)大,火灾蔓延指数(FGI)小,降低火灾危险性,阻燃性能优异。     

复合型阻燃剂对聚氯乙烯的阻燃抑烟作用研究

采用微胶囊红磷（MRP）、硼酸锌（ZnBO3）、氢氧化铝(ATH)和氢氧化镁(MH)进行复配对软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）进行阻燃处理,通过极限氧指数、热失重、锥形量热方法研究了不同配比阻燃剂对PVC的阻燃抑烟性能的影响。结果表明,当PVC/MRP/ZnBO3/ATH/MH质量比为100:3:1:20:20时,具有良好的阻燃抑烟效果,极限氧指数可达35.9 %;阻燃体系PVC/ATH/MH、PVC/MRP/ZnBO3/ATH/MH相对于纯PVC具有良好的阻燃抑烟性,PVC/MRP/ZnBO3/ATH/MH比PVC/ATH/MH体系在热释放、烟气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳排放指标上数值更低,热稳定性增加,成炭率更高,火灾性能指数提高,火灾蔓延指数减小,火灾危险性降低。     

水滑石改性聚氯乙烯研究进展

综述了水滑石对聚氯乙烯的热稳定性和阻燃消烟性的作用,并阐述了水滑石对聚氯乙烯的力学性能、耐候、保暖等性能的研究进展。     

酸根离子对聚氯乙烯燃烧发烟的影响

本文讨论了各类酸根离子对聚氯乙烯燃烧发烟的影响，发现具有抑烟，吸收有毒气体及阻燃的多功能无机材料应具有类似硼酸根的酸根阴离子，类似锌，镁，铁的ｓ，ｄｓ区金属元素作为阳离子及含有适量结合水。     

Low‐melting sulfate glasses as additives to semirigid PVC and their flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties

The role of low‐melting sulfate glasses (LMSG) as additives on the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of semirigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), as well as the mechanism for flame retardancy and smoke suppression, were studied through the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) test. Smoke Density Rating (SDR) test, DTA‐TG, and SEM. The results show that the LMSG have good smoke suppressant properties. When the PVC compound contains 40 parts of LMSG, the SDR value will be reduced by about 45%. The Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Ni²⁺ sulfates, as well as MoO₃, cause PVC to crosslink and form char, and the melt can protect not only the char formed during combustion and thermal degradation, but also undecomposed polymer. That is the main mechanism for flame retardation and smoke suppression when the additives melt. The mechanical properties of the PVC compounds containing different levels of LMSG were also studied.     

Poly(vinyl chloride) and its fire properties

This work provides an up‐to‐date review of the fire properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials, both rigid (unplasticized) and flexible (plasticized). The fire properties addressed include ignitability, ease of extinction (oxygen index), flame spread (small scale and intermediate scale), heat release, smoke obscuration, smoke toxicity, hydrogen chloride emission and decay, and performance in real‐scale fires. This comprehensive review includes a wide selection of references and tables illustrating the properties of PVC materials in comparison with those of other polymeric materials, including, in many instances, wood materials. The work puts these fire properties in perspective, showing that the heat release rate (the key fire property) of rigid PVC (and that of properly flame‐retarded flexible PVC) are among the lower values found for combustible materials. This work also shows that the smoke toxicity and smoke obscuration resulting from burning PVC materials in real‐scale fires is in the same range as those of other materials.     

Effect of curprous oxide in combination with molybdenum trioxide on smoke suppression in rigid poly(vinyl chloride)

Further investigation of the synergistic effect of smoke suppression between cuprous oxide and molybdenum trioxide in rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was carried out by using a cone calorimeter (cone) at a high incident heat flux of 50 kW m^?2. Experimental data derived from the cone calorimeter indicated that binary mixtures of Cu₂O and MoO₃ clearly showed the synergistic effect in reducing smoke by decreasing total smoke production (TSP), average specific extinction area (av‐SEA), and smoke production rate (SPR). This result is in good agreement with that obtained from the NBS smoke chamber. However, the combustion process of rigid PVC could clearly be seen from the heat release rate (HRR), curve, SPR, and fire degradation obtained from the cone test, which could not be determined from the NBS smoke chamber. It was also found that the binary mixture showed the synergistic effect by increasing was also found that the binary mixture showed the synergistic effect by increasing char residue and reducing the fire degradation of the PVC backbone at a high incident heat flux of 50 kW.m^?2. All experimental data well supported the early cross‐linking mechanism of the PVC backbone mentioned in the literature and were consistent with the fire degradation behavior obtained from the cone calorimeter.     

阻燃消烟剂及其在PVC中的应用

简述了用于硬PVC塑料的阻燃消烟技术、阻燃消烟评定方法、阻燃抑烟机理及低烟难燃PVC化学建材指标,并对目前国内研究成功的复合阻燃消烟刑进行了评述。