严寒地区节能建筑采暖能耗实测结果分析

实测的节能建筑采暖能耗数据对建筑节能的研究是必不可少的。本文介绍了长春市某节能建筑住宅楼的建筑围护结构及其低温辐射电热膜供热系统,对该建筑采暖能耗进行了采暖期的逐日实测与计算分析,提出降低节能建筑采暖能耗的几点新思路与实际作法。     

综合建筑空调节能技术

介绍了建筑空调节能的综合性技术,包括建筑外观特征与围护结构的节能技术(建筑朝向、布局、围护结构保温隔热、气密性、窗墙比)、建筑空调设备的节能运行技术(蓄能空调、热回收、变频技术)和建筑空调能源利用的节能技术(水源热泵、地源热泵、免费供冷、太阳能)。强调了建筑节能的社会效益和环境效益。     

杨凌示范区利用浅层地下水热泵技术分区集中供冷供热可行性分析

分析了杨凌示范区现有住宅小区集中供热存在的问题,结合示范区水资源条件和地质构造特点,提出了解决小区供冷供热问题的水源热泵中央空调系统形式,根据冷热负荷的季节性需求,给出了系统配置及运行模式,着重对该系统的经济性及节能性进行可行性计算与分析.     

建筑围护结构节能技术与发展趋势

建筑围护结构节能技术是建筑节能的重要方面.本文对建筑围护结构中外墙、门窗和屋顶三个方而节能技术进行了介绍,并展望了三个方面建筑节能技术的发展趋势.     

采暖供热系统设计运行与节能

对我公司住宅小区供热系统存在的问题进行分析，针对存在的问题对系统作了相应的调整与设计，保证采暖的供热要求，同时使运行更加节能高效。     

建筑外围护结构门窗节能技术概述

结合国家有关建筑节能政策与法规的出台,针对建筑外围护结构中的新型节能门窗技术作了一定的分析,以利节能建筑的进一步发展。     

上海某住宅小区项目节能设计介绍

从某项目的规划、单体设计、围护结构的保温设计到采暖、空调和通风设计几方面计算分析了本工程某幢单体的节能效果，并综合分析内保温体系与外保温体系在本工程的详细运用及其节能效果，通过计算分析，选用合适的保温材料与保温方式使本建筑最终实现建筑节能50％的目标。     

唐山地区农村住宅建筑本体节能技术研究

选取唐山市邵家村进行实地调研,主要对农宅结构形式、平面布局、围护结构热工性能进行调查分析,并采用温湿度自记仪对典型住宅冬季室内温湿度进行实测,总结目前当地农宅建筑节能现状存在的问题。根据相关节能设计标准提出各种围护结构节能技术措施,通过DeST软件对原有典型农宅采取节能技术前后的冬季供暖能耗进行模拟分析。     

既有建筑节能改造的研究与探讨

我国既有建筑每年消耗大量能源,对不符合节能设计规范的既有建筑进行节能改造,是实现建筑节能目标最重要和最有效的方法之一。提出节能改造流程,并结合山东省某居住建筑节能改造工程实例,选用合理的围护结构材料,详细列出节能改造步骤。通过改造前后实测数据经济效益分析,说明既有建筑的节能改造,可减少供热能耗,提高住户的热舒适度,提高人们节能意识,具有较好的节能减排推动作用。     

被动式节能技术在宿迁地区的应用分析

目前,宿迁地区已经执行建筑节能65%的设计标准,但与被动式节能技术标准相比,建筑能耗仍大大偏高,建筑节能技术大有可为。从规划设计阶段、围护结构和可再生能源利用等方面分析了被动式节能技术在宿迁地区应用的可行性。重点强调了可调节遮阳、外墙保温层设计、外窗的窗框材料和玻璃配置、太阳能光热系统等节能技术。     

Energy efficient design of building: A review

Energy saving is a high-priority in developed countries. For this reason, energy-efficient measures are being increasingly implemented in all sectors. The residential sector is responsible for an important part of the energy consumption in the world. Most of this energy is used in heating, cooling, and artificial ventilation systems.With a view to developing energy-efficient structures, this article provides an overview of building design criteria that can reduce the energy demand for the heating and cooling of residential buildings. These criteria are based on the adoption of suitable parameters for building orientation, shape, envelope system, passive heating and cooling mechanisms, shading, and glazing. An analysis was made of previous studies that evaluated the influence of these parameters on the total energy demand and suggested the best design options. This study is useful for professionals who are responsible for decision-making during the design phase of energy-efficient residential buildings.     

建筑形式对太阳能热利用的影响研究

以上海地区的住宅建筑为研究对象,通过模拟分析的方法,采用DeST软件计算确定建筑逐时的采暖、空调能耗,研究分析窗墙比对建筑全年采暖能耗、全年空调能耗以及全年采暖、空调总能耗的影响规律,研究分析太阳辐射热增加所导致采暖能耗的降低幅度与外围护结构保温性能两者之间的定量关系。计算结果表示在夏季外窗遮阳和夜间通风的条件下,加大南向窗墙比可增强太阳能的热利用效率,降低建筑全年的采暖、空调总能耗;而外围护结构保温性能的增强则可降低室内向室外散热的程度,相应提高对冬季太阳辐射的热利用程度,从而达到降低采暖能耗的目的。     

Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.     

Shallow gravel aquifers and the urban ‘heat island’ effect: a source of low enthalpy geothermal energy

Northern European countries with no high temperature geothermal resources can utilise the urban ‘heat island’ effect to generate low enthalpy geothermal energy for space heating/cooling systems in buildings, provided a suitable aquifer underlies the urban area. Buried valleys, formed at the height of the Pleistocene glaciation 15,000 years ago, when sea level was 130 m lower than present, and infilled with gravels as sea level rose again at the end of the Pleistocene, underlie many European cities. These high yielding aquifers exist at only a few metres depth, and can provide a supply of groundwater at temperatures elevated 3–4 K above the average rural groundwater temperatures. This can produce a marked improvement both in the output and in the efficiency of a geothermal system making use of this source. When passed through a heat pump operating at a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 4.5:1, a well yielding 20 l/s of groundwater at 13 °C can generate 865 kW heat, sufficient to supply space heating for buildings with a footprint in excess of 12,000 m² with a peak heating intensity of 70 W/m². The economics of this low enthalpy geothermal energy source are outlined. Although development costs are minimal, at current low natural gas fuel prices in Ireland, heating-only applications will be less attractive, and a real cost saving will only accrue if dual heating/cooling functions can be developed.     

玻璃幕墙传热系数对中央空调能耗的影响

本文讨论了玻璃幕墙传热系数对中央空调冷／热负荷的影响，测量和计算了不同传热系数的节能量、运行费用。结果表明，改善围护结构保温隔热性能是实现空调系统节能、经济运行和保护环境的有效途径之一。     

Regenerative rotary heat exchanger for heat recovery in residential ventilation

Increased energy costs have brought about increased concern by building owners as well as governments about the operating costs and energy budgets for buildings and power plants. This growing energy conservation consciousness has brought a considerable interest in reclaiming waste heat from residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional ventilation systems. Based on theoretical considerations, the design and performance of a small rotary heat exchanger for residential houses is discussed in this paper. Laboratory results reveal a high sensible heat recovery maximum effectiveness of 85 percent with acceptable levels of pressure drop and cross leakage. Cost saving analysis indicates annual energy savings up to 15 percent, with even larger savings in the size of the heating and cooling equipment up to 42 percent. As expected the greatest savings could occur when large amounts of outside air are required for ventilation.     

Novel heating and cooling concept employing rainwater cisterns and thermo-active building systems for a residential building

This paper introduces and evaluates a novel heating and cooling concept employing thermo-active building systems and environmental energy, harnessed from two 11-m³ rainwater cisterns for a 285-m² residential building in passive house standard in Germany. The building strives for a significantly reduced primary energy use with carefully coordinated measures, such as high quality building envelope, by means of vacuum insulated panels, supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, reduced solar heat gains (solar shading), and the integration of thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic in the plant system. On this premise, a comprehensive long-term monitoring in high time-resolution was carried out for the building for two years with an accompanying commissioning of the building performance. Measurements comprise the energy use for heating, cooling, and ventilation, as well as the auxiliary equipment, the performance of the environmental heat source and sink (rainwater cistern), thermal comfort, and local climatic site conditions.     

封闭阳台温差修正系数取值及其对供暖设计的影响

封闭式阳台作为居住建筑延伸空间,是被动式附加阳光间的一种形式.该文通过分析封闭阳台型式、围护结构热工性能、太阳辐射强度、外遮阳等因素对阳台温差修正系数α的影响,推荐给出严寒、寒冷、夏热冬冷地区代表城市居住建筑不同型式封闭阳台适用于工程应用的温差修正系数简便计算公式,为准确评估封闭阳台这类附加阳光间对供暖房间增益效果提供...     

Heat planning for fossil-fuel-free district heating areas with extensive end-use heat savings: A case study of the Copenhagen district heating area in Denmark

The Danish government plans to make the Danish energy system to be completely free of fossil fuels by 2050 and that by 2035 the energy supply for buildings and electricity should be entirely based on renewable energy sources. To become independent from fossil fuels, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the existing building stock, increase energy efficiency, and convert the present heat supply from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. District heating is a sustainable way of providing space heating and domestic hot water to buildings in densely populated areas. This paper is a theoretical investigation of the district heating system in the Copenhagen area, in which heat conservation is related to the heat supply in buildings from an economic perspective. Supplying the existing building stock from low-temperature energy resources, e.g. geothermal heat, might lead to oversized heating plants that are too expensive to build in comparison with the potential energy savings in buildings. Long-term strategies for the existing building stock must ensure that costs are minimized and that investments in energy savings and new heating capacity are optimized and carried out at the right time.     

既有建筑的围护结构节能改造分析

以某办公建筑和住宅楼为模型,对其进行围护结构节能改造分析.通过计算比较改造前后室内负荷的变化,发现节能效果相当显著,证明在我国既有建筑围护结构节能改造存在相当大的潜力.