Effect of rare earth on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Cu-30Ni alloy

Cu-30Ni-xRE (x = 0–0.213) alloys were prepared by a metal mould casting method. The effect of RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys was investigated using optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope with energy-dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical test. The results show that RE has obvious effect on refining dendrite structure and grain size, as well as on purifying the melting of Cu-30Ni alloy. With the increase of RE content, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation increase at first and then decrease after adding RE more than 0.095 wt.%. Cu-30Ni-0.095RE alloy possesses preferable mechanical properties, i.e., the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 308 MPa, 125 MPa, and 51.2%, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties are worsened with increasing RE content more than 0.095 wt.%. The improvement of mechanical properties of Cu-30Ni-0.095RE alloy is attributed to RE refining microstructure and purifying the matrix.     

Effect of V addition on hardness and electrical conductivity in Cu-Ni-Si alloys

The effect of vanadium (V) addition on the microstructure, the hardness and the electrical conductivity of Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si alloys was investigated. The V-free, the 0.1 wt% V-added, the 0.2 wt% V-added Cu base alloys were exposed to the same experimental conditions. After the cold rolling of the studied alloys, the matrix was recrystallized during the solution heat treatment at 950 °C for 2 h. However, small amounts of vanadium substantially suppressed the recrystallization and retarded the grain growth of the Cu base alloys. The added vanadium accelerated the precipitation of Ni₂Si intermetallic compounds during aging and therefore it contributed positively to the resultant hardness and electrical conductivity. It was found that the hardness and the electrical conductivity increased simultaneously with increasing aging temperature and time with accelerated precipitation kinetics by the addition of vanadium. In the present study, the Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si alloy with 0.1 wt%V was found to have an excellent combination of the hardness and the electrical conductivity when it was aged at 500 °C.     

Effects of Ti addition and heat treatments on mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloys

The mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-5.98Ni-1.43Si and Cu-5.98Ni-1.29Si-0.24Ti alloys under heat treatment at 400 and 500 °C after hot- and cold-rolling were investigated, and a microstructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy was performed. Cu-5.98Ni-1.29Si-0.24Ti alloy displayed the combined Vickers hardness/electrical conductivity value of 315.9 Hv/57.1%IACS. This was attributed to a decrease of the solution solubility of Ni and Si in the Cu matrix by the formation of smaller and denser δ-Ni₂Si precipitates. Meanwhile, the alloyed Ti was detected in the coarse Ni-Si-Ti phase particles, along with other large Ni-Si phase particles, in Cu-5.98Ni-1.29Si-0.24Ti.     

微合金化Cu-Ni-Sn-P合金的组织和性能

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、显微维氏硬度计和涡流电导率仪,分析了不同镍锡比对Cu-Ni-Sn-P合金铸态、固溶态及时效态组织和性能的影响,从而优化了Cu-Ni-Sn-P合金中镍和锡元素的成分配比,同时研究了不同形变热处理工艺对Cu-0.87Ni-1.82Sn-0.07P合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Ni∶Sn为1∶2时Cu-Ni-Sn-P合金(Cu-0.87Ni-1.82Sn-0.07P合金)的综合性能最佳,固溶时效处理后硬度最高达119.9 HV0.5,电导率为35.0%IACS。时效前经过30%预冷轧变形能提高时效峰值硬度,450 ℃时效后硬度可达164 HV0.5。断口组织多为韧窝,韧性较好,抗软化温度为480 ℃。时效强化析出相与位错为切过关系,析出相呈现为球形Ni-P颗粒;晶界处析出颗粒较大,晶内析出的颗粒普遍较小,尺寸介于几十纳米到数百纳米之间。     

含钪Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr合金铸态组织与力学性能

采用铸锭冶金法制备了Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr、Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.12Sc-0.15Zr和Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.20Sc-0.15Zr三种合金,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜,研究了三种合金铸态及不同热处理状态下的显微组织,测试了不同热处理状态下合金的力学性能。结果表明,Sc含量增加可以提高Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金的抗拉强度和伸长率,Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr-0.20Sc经固溶和T6处理后,抗拉强度达到774.6 MPa,伸长率为8.3%。其作用机理主要为Sc含量增加,使合金中Al(3 Sc,Zr)引起的细晶强化、亚结构强化和弥散强化更进一步加强。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves alloys

Two Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves phase alloys with chemical compositions ofNi-39Ti-11Si and Ni-42Ti-8Si （%, mole fraction, the same below）, respectively, were fabricated by the laser melting deposition manufacturing process, aiming at studying the effect of Ti, Si contents on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. The Ni-39Ti-llSi alloy consisting of Ti2Ni3Si primary dendrites and Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic matrix is a conventional hypereutectic Laves phase alloy while the Ni-42Ti-8Si alloy being made up of NiTi primary dendrites uniformly distributed in Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic is a new hypoeutectic alloy. Mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by nano-indentation test. The results show that the decrease of Si and the increase of Ti contents change the microstructures of the alloys from hypereutectic to hypoeutectic, which influences the mechanical properties of the alloys remarkably. Corrosion behaviors of the alloys were also evaluated by potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves.     

Microstructure and properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.4Si alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONSpinodalCu Ni SnalloyshavebeenconsideredassubstitutesforCu Bealloysbecauseoflowprice ,out standingpropertiesandsoforth .ItisanewCu basespringmaterialwithgreatpotential[13] .InCu Ni Snsystem ,Cu 15Ni 8Snalloysare graduallystressedwithhighcorrosion resistanceandexcellentresistancetostressrelaxation .However ,therearefewreportsofthisaspectinourcountry .ItisveryimportanttosuppressthediscontinuousprecipitationforCu 15Ni 8Snalloy ,atthesametime ,lowconductivityshouldbecompe…     

Age-hardening behavior and microstructure of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy prepared by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion

Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy rods were prepared by means of powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion. Element maps obtained by electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) showed that Nb-rich phases were formed and distributed within grains and at grain boundaries of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results indicated that there was no obvious orientation relationship between these phases and the matrix. Spinodal decomposition and ordering transformation appeared at early stages of aging at 400 °C and caused significant strengthening. Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy exhibited both higher strength (ultimate tensile strength >1030 MPa) and higher tensile ductility (elongation>9.1%) than Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy after aging treatment. The improvement was caused by Nb-rich phases at grain boundaries which led o the refinement of grain size and postponed the growth of discontinuous precipitates during aging.     

Al-6.8Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.15Sc合金的高温回归再时效工艺

采用硬度计、数字涡流金属电导仪、透射电镜(TEM)、万能拉伸试验机、扫描电镜(SEM)等对Al-6.8Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.15Sc合金在高温回归再时效(RRA)过程中的性能与组织演变规律进行研究。结果表明:合金在170 ℃回归时,具有较高硬度与优良的抗电化学腐蚀性能,合金170 ℃回归1 h时主相η′细小弥散数量众多,在形变过程中借助位错切过与Orowan机制强化合金,强度可达625.1 MPa,伸长率达9.6%,获得了优于单级时效(T6)G.P.区强化达到的强度592.4 MPa、伸长率6.5%,强度提高32.7 MPa,伸长率提高47.7%,拉伸断口形貌SEM显示为完全的韧性断裂特征。Al-6.8Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.15Sc合金的优秀RRA工艺为140 ℃×24 h+170 ℃×1 h+160 ℃×24 h。     

Effect of Zr addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-46Ti-4Al alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-(46-x)Ti-4Al-xZr (x = 0-8, at.%) alloys have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mechanical tests. The results show that the Ni-Ti-Al-Zr alloys are composed of TiNi and (Ti, Al) 2 Ni with Zr as a solid solution element in both phases, and the third phase, (Zr, Ti, Al) 2 Ni, appears in Ni-40Ti-4Al-6Zr and Ni-38Ti-4Al-8Zr alloys. The compressive yield strength at room temperature increases with the increase of Zr content due to the solid-solution strengthening of Zr and precipitation strengthening of (Ti, Al, Zr) 2 Ni phase. However, the Ni-42Ti-4Al-4Zr alloy exhibits the maximum compressive yield strength at 873 and 973 K because of the softening of (Zr, Ti, Al) 2 Ni phase in the alloys with more Zr addition. The tensile stress-strain tests and the SEM fracture surface observations show that the brittle to ductile transition temperature of Ni-42Ti-4Al-4Zr alloy is between 873 and 923 K.     

深冷处理对冷轧铜合金组织与性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、万能试验机及电阻率测试仪等研究了深冷处理(DCT)对冷轧Cu-1.34Ni-1.02Co-0.61Si合金组织和性能的影响。深冷处理使30%压下率冷轧合金显微组织细化和均匀化,并且随着深冷处理时间增加,细化和均匀化程度不断提高。深冷处理促使固溶Ni、Co和Si等原子不断从铜基体中析出,在合金晶粒内和晶界处形成尺寸为0.1～1μm之间的细小弥散球形和长条形第二相颗粒。冷轧前后合金的抗拉强度、电导率和延伸率均随着深冷处理时间延长而增加,并在约36 h后趋于稳定。深冷处理48 h后,冷轧前后合金的抗拉强度、电导率和延伸率分别增加了5.4%和4.4%、6.7%和8.0%、及13.2%和18.7%。冷轧后合金的抗拉强度高于冷轧前;而冷轧后的电导率和延伸率低于冷轧前,但差距均随着深冷处理时间增加而缩小。经深冷处理合金的拉伸断口韧窝的数量和深度比未经深冷处理合金大,且分布更加均匀。     

时效工艺对25Cr-20Ni-2.5Al高强耐热钢拉伸和高温压缩性能的影响

通过在25Cr-20Ni耐热钢基体成分中加入质量分数为2.5%Al的方式制备25Cr-20Ni-2.5Al耐热钢,分别采用拉伸和高温压缩试验对其力学性能进行表征分析,研究结果表明:经过36 h时效处理的试样抗拉强度得到明显提升,此时抗拉强度和伸长率分别为803 MPa和27.1%。经过36 h时效处理会减小拉伸断口的韧性,生成部分脆性断裂的痕迹。随时效温度的增加,耐热钢的抗拉强度先增大后减小,伸长率先减小后增大,转折点均出现在时效温度650 ℃,此时抗拉强度和伸长率分别为451 MPa和10.26%。当变形程度增大后,晶粒将达到更大的变形程度,而耐热钢经过热压缩处理后并不会引起晶粒尺寸的明显改变;晶界部位存在析出相,而且当变形量增大后析出相的数量也会略微增加。     

Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si合金时效初期的调幅分解过程

利用透射电镜及X射线衍射仪研究了Cu-Ni-Si合金时效早期的组织转变规律，结果表明，该合金在时效早期，过饱和固溶体首先短程有序化，随后通过成分调幅形成贫，富溶质区，成分调幅过程中伴随有序反应，最终在溶质富集区内形成Ni2Si相，通过构造热力学图形，直观地解释了该合金时效早期调幅分解与有序化共存的可能性。     

固溶-时效处理对Ti-Ni-Cr形状记忆合金拉伸性能和显微组织的影响

用拉伸试验和透射电子显微镜研究了固溶时效处理对Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr形状记忆合金拉伸性能和显微组织的影响。800℃固溶淬火态合金的塑性优于时效态。随时效时间tag延长,300和400℃时效态合金的抗拉强度Rm300和Rm400先急剧增大后趋于稳定,且Rm300相似文献   

超高强度Cu-Ni-Si合金的研究进展

综述了Cu-Ni-Si系合金开发原理、成分设计及制备工艺,归纳总结了该合金性能与Ni、Si元素的质量比值、添加合金元素的种类和数量以及制备技术之间的关系,并介绍了不同工艺路线下Cu-5.2Ni-1.2Si合金时效后硬度和导电率的变化规律.     

Optimization of conductivity and strength in Cu-Ni-Si alloys by suppressing discontinuous precipitation

Cu-Ni-Si alloys with and without Ti were solution treated at 980 °C for 1 h and cooled by air cooling and water quenching, after which the specimens were aged at 500 °C. The two alloys showed different aging characteristics with different cooling rates during the aging process. The conductivity of all alloys increased during aging; for alloys that were water quenched, hardness increased at the early stage of aging and then drastically decreased. The air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy without Ti also experienced an increase in hardness, which then decreased during aging, but the air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy with Ti did not show a drastic decrease in hardness during prolonged aging. A combination of yield strength and conductivity of 820 MPa and 42% IACS, respectively, was achieved in the air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si-Ti alloy after solution treatment.     

Influence of Alloying Element Addition on Cu–Al–Ni High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy without Second Phase Formation

In this study,the effects of rare earth Gd and Fe elements on the microstructure,the mechanical properties and the shape memory effect of Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni high-temperature shape memory alloy were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and compression test.The microstructure observation results showed that both Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni–0.2Gd and Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni–2.0Fe–0.2Gd alloys displayed the fine grain and singlephase b01martensite,and their grain size was about several hundred microns,one order of the magnitude smaller than that of Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni alloy.The compression test results proved that the mechanical properties of Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni alloy were dramatically improved by alloying element additions due to grain refinement and solid solution strengthening,and the compressive fracture strains of Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni–0.2Gd and Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni–2.0Fe–0.2Gd were 12.0%and 17.8%,respectively.When the pre-strain was 10%,the reversible strains of 5.4%and 5.9%were obtained for Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni–0.2Gd and Cu–11.9Al–3.8Ni–2.0Fe–0.2Gd alloys after being heated to 500°C for 1 min,and the obvious two-way shape memory effect was also observed.     

高强度Cu-Ni-(Al)-Si合金的组织和性能

通过光学显微镜、维氏硬度计、双臂电桥、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等测试手段对Cu-5.2Ni-1.2Si和Cu-5.2Ni-1.5Al-1.2Si合金的组织结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明:2种合金的铸态组织均为发达的树枝晶组织,包括白亮的枝晶区、非平衡凝固相粒子及中间过渡区。其中枝晶为富Cu区,凝固相为富Ni和Si区,Al元素则比较均匀地分布在铸态组织中。峰值时效后,Cu-5.2Ni-1.5Al-1.2Si合金具有比Cu-5.2Ni-1.2Si合金更高的硬度。Al元素不但促进了Ni2Si的沉淀析出,还形成了Ni3Al沉淀相,从而大大提高合金强度。2种合金的时效早期均出现了有序化,峰时效时主要为沉淀析出强化,合金具有较好的抗过时效能力。     

Nd对Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni焊点组织与力学性能的影响

研究了添加微量稀土元素Nd对Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni/Cu无铅焊点再流焊和150 ℃时效条件下焊点界面组织与力学性能的影响. 结果表明,添加适量Nd(质量分数为0.06%)可以优化焊点界面组织,减缓时效过程中Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni/Cu界面化合物的生长速率,提高焊点力学性能,增强焊点的可靠性. 时效过程中,添加了0.06%Nd的Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni钎料焊点的剪切力始终保持最大,在时效1 440 h后,Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni-0.06Nd/Cu焊点的剪切力相比未添加稀土的Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni钎料提高了31.9%.