Effect of samarium filling on the lattice thermal conductivity of skutterudite materials

Sm-filled skutterudites SmxCo4Sb12 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.5) were synthesized via high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) technique. The temperature dependences of electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity were measured on these compounds in the range of 300-723 K. All samples showed n-type conduction. The thermal conductivity of SmxCo4Sb12 was significantly depressed as com-pared to unfilled CoSb3. It was believed that Sm atoms "rattled" in the voids of structure and substantially affected the phonon propagation through the lattice. The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, increased with increasing temperature and reached a maximum value of 0.81 for Sm0.5Co4Sb12 at 723 K.     

Thermoelectric properties of Yb x Co_4 Sb_（12） system

Yb x Co 4 Sb 12 polycrystals were fabricated by vacuum melting combined with hot-press sintering.The effect of Yb-filling on thermoelectric property of unfilled skutterudite CoSb 3 was investigated,which indicated the enhancement of the power factor of the material.Transport properties of materials changed from semi-conductor to semi-metal during the measurement of electrical conductivity,which indicated the change of electronic band structure.The maximum value of electrical conductivity was about 190000 S/m at 300 K for all samples.On the basis of Yb-filling,power factor of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 5-6 mW/(m·K) during the measurement temperature.Thermal conductivity decreased with increase of Yb content,and the thermal conductivity of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 3.2 W/(m·K) at 600 K.The ZT value of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 1.16 at 700 K due to positive contribution from high power factor and low thermal conductivity.     

Preparation of Ce4+, Sb3+-Codoped TiO2 Films in Electric Field Heating-Treatment

Titania is an important catalytic material for photo-catalytic applications, and the sol-gel process is one of the most appropriate technologies to prepare TiO2 thin films. In the present paper, the Ce4 , Sb3 -codoped TiO2 films were prepared by sol-gel method, which were heat-treated with an applied electric filed. The phase transformation behavior of Ce4 , Sb3 -codoped TiO2 film in the electric field heating-treatment was studied by XRD and AFM. It is found that the crystals were homogeneous and the average crystal size was about 60 nm. Studies of photo-catalytic degradation show that the photo-catalytic activity of Ce4 , Sb3 -codoped TiO2 films heated to 500 ℃ in an applied electric field was higher.     

Effect of Y-filling on thermoelectric properties of CoSb3

The CoSb3 and Y0.18Co4Sb12 compounds were synthesized by a metallurgical route. Their bulk materials were prepared by the hot-pressed process under vacuum. Thermoelectric properties of the samples were measured by the thermoelectric measurement system and the laser flash diffusivity apparatus. The carrier type conversion of hot-pressed CoSb3 was found at about 530 K, while the conversion was missed for the Y0.18Co4Sb12 sample. Electrical conductivity of the Y0.18Co4Sb12 sample increased due to the increase of carrier concentration, and its thermal conductivity decreased due to the enhancement of phonon scattering. The value of ZT, figure of merit, for the Y0.18Co4Sb12 sample was obviously enhanced due to positive contribution of the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity.     

HPHT synthesis and electrical transport properties of SmxCo4Sb12

Samarium-filled skutterudites SmxCo4Sb12(x=0.5,1.0) skutterudite thermoelectric(TE) materials with enhanced power factor were prepared by high-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT) technique.The microstructure properties were characterized with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The electrical resistivities and Seebeck coefficients of those samples were measured in the temperature range of 300-723 K,and the samples of SmxCo4Sb12 showed n-type conduction.The Seebeck coefficient in absolute valu...     

热压烧结P型碲化铋基热电材料的显微组织与性能

为克服目前市售单晶产品加工性能差、取向性高等问题,以高纯单质Te、Bi和Sb为原料,采用熔炼-冷淬-粉碎-热压工艺制备P型碲化铋基热电材料;用氧氮分析仪、粒度分析仪对热压烧结前粉料的氧含量和粒度进行了测定,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对烧结块体沿不同方向的微观形貌、物相结构进行了表征。不同方向的热电性能测试结果显示,热压工艺制备的P型碲化铋基热电材料在不同方向上的塞贝克系数和ZT值基本相同,但电阻率和热导率有不同程度的取向;与市售区熔单晶相比,取向度明显降低,最终样品的相对密度高达99%,且最高ZT值为1.02。该热压烧结工艺的生产设备简单、生产成本低、工作效率高,适合推广至工业化规模生产。     

Zn4Sb3高性能热电材料的制备

A "reaction-extrusion process" has been developed to prepare Zn4Sb3 bulk materials with high thermoelectric performance.The synthesis,densification,and shape-forming of Zn4Sb3 bulk materials were realized simultaneously in one hot-extrusion process,and the resulting extrudates had high density with single β-Zn4Sb3 phase.A large extrusion ratio and a small punch speed are advantageous to enhance thermoelectric performance.The extruded Zn4Sb3 materials exhibited excellent thermoelectric performance,for example,the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit is 1.77 at 623 K,which is 36% higher compared to conventional hot-pressed materials.On the other hand,the incorporation of 1% SiC nanosized particles into Zn4Sb3 matrix leads to improvements in both thermoelectric and mechanical properties.     

Crystal Structures and Thermoelectric Properties of Sm-Filled Skutterudite Compounds Smy Fex Co4 - x Sb12

Polycrystalline samples of Sm partially filled skutterudites SmyFexCo4-xSb12 were prepared by melting and Spark Plasma Sintering technique. The results of Rietveld refinement showed that the obtained SmyFexCo4-xSb12 samples possessed filled skutterudite structures. The thermal parameter （B） of Sm is larger than that of Sb, Fe, and Co, indicating that Sm ＂rattled＂ in Sb-icosahedron voids. The effects of filling atom Sm on thermoelectric properties of these compounds were investigated. With the increase of Sm filling fraction （y）, electrical conductivity decreased, Seebeck coefficient increased and had a maximum value when y was 0.38; thermal conductivity reduced and had a minimum value when y was 0. 32. At 750 K, the highest figure of merit of 0.68 was obtained for Sm0.32Fe1.47Co2.53Sb12.     

Preparation and thermoelectric properties of ternaryrare earth sulfide γ-Ce3-xEuxS4

The effect of Eu-substitution on the density and thermoelectric properties of ternary sulfide Ce3-xEuxS4 (0≤x≤0.8) compacts was investigated. Ce3-xEuxZ4 powders were prepared via the sulfurization of the oxide using CS2 gas at 1473 K. The pressureless sintered Ce3-xEuxS4 compacts in the atmosphere were crystallized in the γ-phase. The density of the Ce3-xEuxS4 compacts increased with the increas-ing of Eu-substitution. Eu-substitution yielded a higher Seebeck coefficient and lower electrical resistivity. The highest value of the thermoe-lectric power factor of 1.41×10-4 W/K2m was obtained for the Ce2.2Eu0.8S4 compact at 673 K. It indicated that Eu-substitution was effective for improving thermoelectric properties of Ce3-xEuxS4.     

Phase relationships in the Yb-Fe-Sb system at 530℃

Phase relationships in the Yb-Fe-Sb ternary system at 530℃ were investigated mainly by powder metallurgy and X-ray powder diffraction. Nine binary compounds (Yb6Fe23, Yb2Fe17, FeSb, FeSb2, YbSb2, YbSb, Yb11Sb10, Yb4Sb3, and αYb5Sb3) and one ternary compound (Fe4YbSb12) were confirmed in this system at 530℃. The homogeneity range of FeSb phase extended from approximately 43at.%Sb to 45at.%Sb, the maximum solid solubility of Sb in Fe phase and Yb in FeSb phase was approximately 3at.%Sb and 1at.%Yb at 530℃, respectively. Isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Yb-Fe-Sb ternary system at 530℃ consisted of thirteen single-phase regions, twenty-four two-phase regions, and twelve three-phase regions.     

微波合成Mg2Si1-xSnx热电固溶体

为了解决传统方法制备Mg2Si1-xSnx(0≤x≤1.0)固溶体过程中带来Mg的氧化和挥发等问题,引进微波低温合成法制备Mg2Si1-xSnx热电固溶体,用XRD及SEM分析手段对合成的块体的物相和形貌进行表征,并研究Mg2Si1-xSnx化合物的热电特性和在微波场中的加热特性以及合成工艺对Mg2Sil xSnx压坯制备的影响。结果表明:Mg2Si1-xSnx压坯在微波场中的加热升温曲线与Mg2Si1-xSnx压坯密度相关,随压坯密度增大,升温速率降低;XRD分析表明在微波辐射下Mg2Si1-xSnx形成了良好的固溶体;在测试温度范围内,Mg2Si1-xSnx在500 K温度下最高的ZT值达到0.26。     

Enhancement of Thermoelectric Behavior of La0.5Co4Sb12−x Te x Skutterudite Materials

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - In this work, the effects of Te doping on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the partially filled skutterudite La0.5Co4Sb12 compounds...     

SiC对粉碎烧结法制备P型Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3合金热电性能的影响

向粉碎法制备的Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃+5%Te(质量分数)合金粉体中混入不同体积分数的SiC颗粒,利用放电等离子体烧结法制备SiC复合块体材料,探究块体材料组织和热电性能的变化规律。研究发现：随着SiC体积分数的增加,块体材料的取向性弱化,组织细化,载流子浓度增加,迁移率降低;由于取向性弱化及组织细化,加强了声子散射,降低了晶格热导率。由于SiC复合块体材料的电学性能恶化,块体材料的无量纲热电优值(ZT)并未获得显著的提升;当SiC体积分数为0.40%时,SiC复合块体材料在322 K时具有最优的无量纲热电优值(ZT=～0.81)。     

共沉淀法制备稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(Ln=Y, Ce, Yb)

以Y2O3、Yb2O3、Al(NO3)3.9H2O和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,NH4HCO3、NH3.H2O做复合沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备纳米稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(LnAG,Ln=Y,Ce,Yb)粉体。用TG/DTA、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对LnAG前驱体及煅烧后的粉体进行表征。结果表明,用上述方法在1 000℃煅烧3h可得到分散性好、形状规则且粒径为50nm左右的Y3Al5O12、Yb3Al5O12、Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12石榴石粉体,但不能得到Ce3Al5O12石榴石,合成石榴石粉体的最佳煅烧温度为1 050℃以上。     

退火对CoSb3块体热电性能的影响

采用烧结和退火工艺制备了CoSb3块体热电材料，并探讨了退火对热电性能的影响。用X射线衍射分析了样品的相组成，用电常数测试仪和激光热导仪测试了样品的热电性能。结果表明，退火前后样品具有相同的相组成，其电阻率随着温度的升高而降低，具有典型的半导体电学特征；在相同温度下退火样品的ZT值低于或近似于未退火的样品，因此退火对于提高和改善CoSb3块体材料的热电性能没有明显作用。     

NaOH—C3H8O3的水溶液体系处理冶金副产物的研究

对采用NaOH—C3H8O3的水溶液体系浸出锑、铋等贱金属并富集贵金属银于渣中,回收复杂含银渣中有价金属的工艺进行了研究。结果表明：NaOH浓度150～200g／L、C3H8O3浓度250～300g/L、反应时间4～5h、反应温度65～75℃时,铋和锑的浸出率可分别达到96％和89％,银在渣中富集高达11倍。浸出液中98％的Bi可通过硫化法以Bi2S3的形式回收,92％的sb可加稀硫酸中和得到锑氧粉,同时可实现甘油的再生。     

Thermoelectric properties of Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 and Sr2.7La0.3Ti2O7 with 15%Ag addition

15%Ag-added cubic perovskites Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 and Ruddlesden-Popper （RP） phases Sr2.7La0.3Ti2O7 were fabricated via hydrothermal synthesis, cold pressing and high-temperature sintering. The structure and thermoelectric properties were also investi-gated for all samples. The results indicated that Ag precipitated as a second phase. Ag addition made electrical conductivity and ab-solute Seebeck coefficient enhanced, as a result, the ZT values were enhanced both for two series. Compared with cubic perovskite, RP phase was subjected to smaller impact by Ag addition. The reasons for enhancing ZT value and the different impact for two series by Ag addition were also discussed.     

Effects of MO_x(M=Mn,Cu,Sb,La)on V-Mo-Ce/Ti selective catalytic reduction catalysts

A series of MO_x-V_2O_5-MoO_3-CeO_2/TiO_2(M=Mn,Cu,Sb,and La) catalysts were prepared via an impregnation method.The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized and their NH_3-SCR of NO performance was compared.The Mn-loaded catalyst(Mn5V1Mo3Ce7/Ti) exhibits a large number of acid sites of varying strength,and together with good reducibility of the catalyst,contributes to the optimal SCR performance.The sulphate species formed in the presence of SO_2 significantly enhance the H_2O and SO_2 tolerance of Mn5V1Mo3Ce7/Ti.The Cu-loaded catalyst(Cu5V1Mo3Ce7/Ti)demonstrates potential in flue gas applications in the absence of SO_2 at low temperatures because of the excellent redox ability observed and the high degree of weak acid sites.The Sb and La loaded catalysts(Sb5V1Mo3Ce7/Ti and La5V1Mo3Ce7/Ti),especially La5V1Mo3 Ce7/Ti,exhibit the largest number of acid sites and the lowest reducibility,and therefore,may be suitable for use in high temperature denitrification applications.     

Brief access to sucrose engages food-entrainable rhythms in food-deprived rats.

Two studies examined whether brief access to sucrose solutions engages food-entrainable rhythms when pitted against a light-dark cycle. In Experiment 1, 32% sucrose was given once daily for 5-6 min at Zeitgeber Time 4 (ZT 4) for 17-18 days to 8 food-deprived and 8 ad-lib-fed rats. Chow was provided at ZT 16. Temperature, wheel running, activity, and corticosterone (B) anticipated sucrose only in food-deprived rats. Ad-lib rats were similar to controls. In Experiment 2, 32% sucrose was presented at ZT 4 for 5 or 10 min for 17 days to food-deprived rats. Chow was given at ZT 12. Exogenous cues were minimized. Both groups showed anticipation of sucrose, whereas room controls did not. After a shift to 4% sucrose for 8 days, the 10-min group showed signs of damping of these rhythms, whereas the 5-min group did not. Data indicated that brief access to sucrose engages food-entrainable rhythms in food-deprived rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transport and thermoelectric properties of bismuth and Bi-12 at. pct Sb alloy powder compacts

The transport and thermoelectric properties of bismuth and Bi-12 at. pct Sb alloy powder compacts, varying in particle size from 100 to 400 mesh, have been determined over the temperature range 300 to 77 K (liquid nitrogen). From the measured values of resistivity, Seebeck potential, magnetoresistance effect and Hall coefficient, the thermal conductivity, figure of merit, and the charge carrier mobilities and concentrations are determined for the compacts. The values of the thermoelectric parameters, a andZ, for the multicrystalline powder compacts approach but do not exceed the highest values obtained for the single crystals.