胃蛋白酶提取硫酸软骨素的研究

以鸡胸软骨为原料,采用稀碱-双酶(胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶)相结合的方法提取硫酸软骨素。研究了胃蛋白酶水解硫酸软骨素的影响因素,结果显示,胃蛋白酶水解部分pH值为5.9,酶解时间为100 m in,料液比为1 000∶1.1(g/mL),酶解温度为40℃,在此条件下,硫酸软骨素产率达到25.80%,纯度为85.65%,质量有较大提高。     

白沙参多糖与真鱿多糖的对比研究

采用蛋白酶水解白沙参与真鱿软骨,从组织中释放出多糖糖链,乙醇沉淀去除蛋白质,得到白沙参多糖与真鱿多糖,检测两种多糖中硫酸软骨素的二糖组分、多糖分子量及其抗凝活性。结果表明,白沙参多糖与真鱿多糖中硫酸软骨素均含有硫酸软骨素E二糖单位,在硫酸软骨素中的含量分别为34.8%和31.1%,两种硫酸软骨素分子量分别为105 000和259 000。两种多糖的硫酸化程度高,硫酸基含量分别为13.4%和10.2%。白沙参多糖与真鱿多糖均具有一定的抗凝活性,白沙参多糖的抗凝活性更高。     

硫酸软骨素生产工艺的优化

以鸡胸软骨为原料,采用稀碱和酶解相结合的方法提取硫酸软骨素.综合考察各种影响因素,设计了正交实验,得出最佳工艺条件.通过该优化条件,产量可以达到21%,与原来的工艺相比,提高了3%～4%,纯度可以达到80%.     

以鸡胸软骨为原料提取硫酸软骨素的研究

以鸡胸软骨为原料,在60℃下用木瓜蛋白酶水解除去蛋白质,再用乙醇沉淀获得鸡胸软骨多糖。色谱分析和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴别显示,鸡胸软骨多糖主要是硫酸软骨素,表明鸡胸软骨是可行的硫酸软骨素新来源。     

环戊烯合成环戊醇的研究

研究了环戊烯合成环戊醇的工艺技术。重点考察了硫酸浓度、磺化温度、硫酸与环戊烯的摩尔比、搅拌速度、水解硫酸浓度等工艺条件。在理想的条件下 ,环戊烯的单程转化率达到 60 % ,环戊醇的选择性为 95 % ,产品的纯度为 99%以上     

猪小肠肠粘膜/浆膜/肠衣中的粘多糖组成分析

为了确定污染肝素钠中污染物多硫酸软骨素的来源,将肝素钠的主要原料猪小肠分离为肠粘膜、浆膜、肠衣,采用酶解法提取其中的粘多糖成分,并采用1 HNMR对提取的粘多糖进行定性、定量分析。结果表明,肠粘膜的粘多糖主要成分为肝素钠,并含有硫酸皮肤素和硫酸软骨素C;浆膜中肝素钠和硫酸皮肤素的含量相当,并含有少量硫酸软骨素C;肠衣的粘多糖主要成分为硫酸皮肤素,并含有肝素钠、硫酸软骨素A及硫酸软骨素C;肠粘膜、浆膜、肠衣均不含多硫酸软骨素。     

鲟鱼骨中硫酸软骨素的提取及测定

建立了以鲟鱼软骨为原料,超声波辅助提取硫酸软骨素的方法,研究了超声时间,碱浓度,料液比对提取的影响,并用高效液相色谱测定。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:超声时间30 min,碱浓度2.0%,料液比1∶8。硫酸软骨素在10.0~1000 mg/L线性良好,检出限为2.0 mg/kg,回收率为92%~101%,RSD为1.07%。该方法操作简便,准确可靠,重复性好,适于鲟鱼软骨中硫酸软骨素的提取和测定。     

胰蛋白酶酶解酪蛋白工艺条件的优化

本文选取酪蛋白为实验原料,胰蛋白酶为水解酶,以水解度和多肽含量为双评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验设计研究了胰蛋白酶酶解酪蛋白的条件。单因素实验研究了反应时间,底物质量,酶的添加量,p H值和温度对水解的影响,确定了主要影响因素及水平范围,通过L9(34)正交试验获得最佳的酪蛋白酶解条件。研究结果表明:胰蛋白酶酶解酪蛋白的最佳条件为:温度55℃,p H值8.0,时间120 min,底物质量0.5 g,酶添加量0.06 g。在此条件下,酪蛋白的水解度可达23.65%,多肽含量为54.79%。     

玉米秸秆稀硫酸预处理条件的初步研究

初步探讨了利用稀硫酸对玉米秸秆进行水解的影响因素。硫酸浓度、水解温度、水解时间、秸秆粉粒度、灰分含量和固形物含量等对秸秆水解效率有一定影响。在硫酸浓度为1.0%,水解温度120℃,水解时间2 h,秸秆粉粒度20～40目,固形物含量10%的水解条件下,秸秆的水解率为19.2%,还原糖组成主要为木糖和葡萄糖。     

硫酸软骨素行业发展现状

综述了硫酸软骨素行业发展概况。分别介绍了硫酸软骨素在国内外的应用现状,青岛贝尔特生物科技有限公司硫酸软骨素产品优势。讨论了目前困扰国内硫酸软骨素行业发展的若干问题及对今后发展的建议。     

Study of Different Delivery Modes of Chondroitin Sulfate Using Microspheres and Cryogel Scaffold for Application in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

This study focuses on the development of an efficient delivery modes designed for chondroitin sulfate (CS) for application in cartilage tissue engineering. Novel three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold fabricated from natural polymers such as chitosan and gelatin blended with chondroitin sulfate (CGC) were synthesized using cryogelation technology. Other methods to deliver CS were also tried, which included incorporation into microparticles for sustained release and embedding the CS loaded microparticles in CG (chitosan-gelatin) cryogel scaffold. Novel CGC scaffolds were characterized by rheology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical assay. Scaffolds exhibited compression modulus of 50 KPa confirming the utility of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Primary goat chondrocytes were used for the in vitro testing of all the delivery modes. So this study shows that CS microparticles when given freely with matrix (chitosan–gelatin) or embedded into scaffold has potential to enhance chondrocyte proliferation together with improved matrix production than in control without microspheres.     

Sturgeon Chondroitin Sulfate Restores the Balance of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Bearing Mice

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a well-known bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which can be extracted from animal cartilage or bone. Sturgeon, the largest soft bone animal with ~20% cartilage content, is a great candidate for CS production. Our recent study confirmed the role of sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (SCS) in reducing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. Here, we further studied the effect of SCS on modulating gut microbiome structure in colorectal cancer bearing mice. In this study, the transplanted tumor mice model was constructed to demonstrate that SCS can effectively halt the growth of transplanted colorectal tumor cells. Next, we showed that SCS significantly altered the gut microbiome, such as the abundance of Lactobacillales, Gastranaerophilales, Ruminiclostridiun_5 and Ruminiclostridiun_6. According to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and abundance map analysis of the microbial metabolic pathways, the changes in microbial abundance led to an increase of certain metabolites (e.g., Phe, Tyr, and Gly). Fecal metabolome results demonstrated that SCS can significantly reduce the amount of certain amino acids such as Phe, Pro, Ala, Tyr and Leu presented in the feces, suggesting that SCS might inhibit colorectal cancer growth by modulating the gut microbiome and altering the production of certain amino acids. Our results revealed the therapeutic potential of SCS to facilitate treatment of colorectal cancer. This study provides insights into the development of novel food-derived therapies for colorectal cancer.     

Potential Use of Crude Coffee Silverskin Oil in Integrated Bioprocess for Fatty Acids Production

Oil from coffee silverskin (CS) is a potential source of fatty acids with promising applications in several industries. Thus, CS crude oil extraction processes were investigated for further enzymatic hydrolysis for fatty acids production. Firstly, Soxhlet (with 150 mL hexane for 8 hours at 70 °C) and ultrasound-assisted (three times in sequential with 50 mL of hexane for 30 min at 30 °C) extractions were carried out to extract CS oil (3.8% and 3.1%, respectively). The fatty acid profiles obtained by both extraction methods presented a similar composition, shows palmitic (16:0: 32.6–34.4%) and linoleic acids (18:2: 31.5–36.1%) as the main. Then, CS oil extracted by Soxhlet was used as the feedstock for fatty acids production by enzymatic hydrolysis using four commercial lipases. Among the lipases studied, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) displayed a higher hydrolytic activity (1143.70 U g⁻¹), with a maximum hydrolysis degree of 51.94% (acid value of the CS oil increased from 13.4 to 37.5 mg KOH g⁻¹) after 180 min of reaction. Molecular docking analysis showed that interactions between the CRL active site (Ser209 and His449) and palmitic acid, the fatty acid of highest concentration in CS oil (≈35%), lead to higher hydrolytic activity. The integrated process developed is an advance in fatty acid production and valorization of coffee industry waste, since there is still a promising approach yet to be explored that aims at the utilization of residual CS oil.     

提高硝基甲烷产品收率的工艺优化

对合成硝基甲烷的工艺进行了研究，得到最佳工艺条件：硫酸二甲酯与亚硝酸钠物质的量之比为１：２，反应温度３０±２℃，反应时间４ｈ，催化剂用量７．０％，该条件下收率可达６９％，产品纯度≥９９．０％。     

利用RT培司生产废料合成吩嗪硫酸甲酯的研究

利用工业生产RT培司过程中产生的废料，采用溶剂萃取、重结晶等方法将其中的吩嗪分离提取，使其纯度达到99．5％以上。以吩嗪为原料合成吩嗪硫酸甲酯，经提纯得到纯度98％以上的产品。研究了RT培司废料处理及提纯吩嗪的方法，以及吩嗪硫酸甲酯合成的优化工艺条件。该研究能够减少“三废”污染，提高废料利用价值，降低合成吩嗪硫酸甲酯的成本。     

影响特级苯纯度的原因分析及应对措施

通过定性定量实验,确定了影响特级苯纯度的主要杂质:环己烷、甲基环己烷、甲苯,并对杂质的性质、来源及分离方法进行研究;分析了工艺上影响特级苯纯度的几个关键操作过程,有针对性地制定了控制粗苯原料质量、提高溶剂质量、稳定加氢系统操作、调整脱重操作指标、调节萃取操作、降低纯苯塔塔底温度等措施;使纯苯纯度由原来的99.90%提高到99.95%以上,质量等级由优等品提高到特等品。     

A Novel Method of Endotoxins Removal from Chitosan Hydrogel as a Potential Bioink Component Obtained by CO2 Saturation

The article presents a new approach in the purification of chitosan (CS) hydrogel in order to remove a significant amount of endotoxins without changing its molecular weight and viscosity. Two variants of the method used to purify CS hydrogels from endotoxins were investigated using the PyroGene rFC Enzymatic Cascade assay kit. The effect of the CS purification method was assessed in terms of changes in the dynamic viscosity of its hydrogels, the molecular weight of the polymer, microbiological purity after refrigerated storage and cytotoxicity against L929 cells based on the ISO 10993-5:2009(E) standard. The proposed purification method 1 (M1) allows for the removal of significant amounts of endotoxins: 87.9–97.6% in relation to their initial concentration in the CS hydrogel without affecting the solution viscosity. Moreover, the final solutions were sterile and microbiologically stable during storage. The M1 purification method did not change the morphology of the L929 cells.     

Design of process and control scheme for cyclohexanol production from cyclohexene using reactive distillation

Cyclohexanol is a commonly used organic compound. Currently, the most promising industrial process for synthesizing cyclohexanol, by cyclohexene hydration, suffers from a low conversion rate and difficult separation. In this paper, a three-column process for catalytic distillation applicable in the hydration of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol was established to solve these. Simulation with Aspen Plus shows that the process has good advantages, the conversion of cyclohexene reached 99.3%, and the product purity was ≥99.2%. The stable operation of the distillation system requires a good control scheme. The design of the control scheme is very important. However, at present, the reactive distillation process for cyclohexene hydration is under investigation experimentally and by steady-state simulation. Therefore, three different plant-wide control schemes were established (CS1, CS2, CS3) and the position of temperature sensitive stage was selected by using sensitivity analysis method and singular value decomposition method. The Tyreus-Luyben empirical tuning method was used to tune the controller parameters. Finally, Aspen Dynamics simulation software was used to evaluate the performance of the three control schemes. By introducing ΔF ±20% and x_ENE ±5%, comparison the changes in product purity and yield of the three different control schemes. By comparison, we can see that the control scheme CS3 has the best performance.     

亚磷酸二乙酯的合成研究

介绍以三氯化磷与乙醇为原料、三氯甲烷为溶剂合成亚磷酸二乙酯 ,对反应物的配比、反应温度、反应时间和溶剂用量的影响作了较为详细的研究 ,并得出了优化的工艺条件 :原料配比C2 H5OH∶PCl3=4∶1,反应温度 6～ 8℃ ,反应时间 1h ,溶剂用量 60～ 80ml,在此工艺条件下产品收率可达 84 5 % ,纯度大于 99%