20000m~3/h空分设备裸冷优化操作及效果

由于20000 m3/h空分设备运行过程中仪表管断裂,低温液体泄漏,使冷箱钢板冻裂。对空分设备冷箱内的管道、塔器和阀门进行了检修、改造,之后通过裸冷来检查检修、改造的效果。详细叙述20000 m3/h空分设备裸冷前的准备工作和裸冷优化操作方法,阐述裸冷效果与裸冷后期查漏、设备变形情况及相应处理措施。     

中低压液氮洗冷箱的裸冷试验

介绍液氮洗冷箱的作用和裸冷试验的过程,分析中低压液氮洗冷箱裸冷试验中遇到的困难,提出解决裸冷时间过长和温降不理想等问题的方法,并采用现场试验证明了解决方法的可行性。     

鲁川气体16000m~3/h空分设备不裸冷开车总结

介绍空分设备不裸冷开车的前提条件,从空分设备安装现场的管理与监督、安装施工阶段项目管理控制以及开车阶段控制等方面分析了保证空分设备不裸冷开车成功的关键因素,叙述了鲁川气体16000 m3/h空分设备不裸冷开车的具体实施过程。     

氮气循环制冷实现空分设备裸冷

根据生产需要,提供了利用氮气循环制冷实现空分设备裸冷的工艺方法,分析了实施过程中的注意问题;优化裸冷操作,降低能耗,节约成本。     

空分装置的裸冷试验

简要说明空分装置的裸冷方法，步序，目的及其重要性。     

大型空分装置的整体裸冷试验

空分裸冷试验是对空分装置进行全面的低温检查,检查分馏塔内部管道漏点,在冷态下紧固连接螺栓,同时也是对膨胀机启动进行试车和考核;裸冷工作是否达到要求直接影响装置整体开车和以后生产运行稳定。本文主要从安装施工的角度来总结大型空分装置的裸冷工作。     

3200米~3/时制氧机试车运转情况介绍

我车间两套3200米3/时制氧机。第一套(开封空分设备厂产)于1977年10月底裸冷,12月初开车出氧,运行周期达390天。第二套(嘉兴冶金机械厂产)于1977年10月底裸冷,11月下旬开车出氧,至今七个月来生产较正常,产氧平均在3200米3/时以上,纯度在99．5%左右。两套设备都是一次裸冷,一次开车成功出氧。现把裸冷、开车中一些经验教训小结如下。     

空分装置的裸冷试验

简要说明空分装置的裸冷方法、步序、目的及其重要性。     

如何做好空分分馏塔系统的试压裸冷工作

空分分馏塔系统是整个空分装置的核心部分，一旦出现故障，损失少则几十万，多则上百万，而且处理周期长，本文主要针对检验分馏塔系统安度装质量的试压、裸冷注意要羔和难点提出了相关建议，用以确保分馏塔安全运行。     

1500米~3/时制氧机的安装、生产与改进

本文叙述了从日本引进的1500米~3/时制氧机安装、裸冷与试生产、技术性能数据,出现的故障及处理、技术革新与改造等情况。表7。     

空分设备上塔进油分析及处理

介绍KDON-6000/18000型空分设备在进行裸冷及3#膨胀机试车过程中,大量润滑油(约200L)进入精馏塔系统,试车工作被迫中断。对上塔带油的原因和膨胀机漏油现象进行分析,提出处理措施及试车中应该注意的事项。     

冷却珍珠岩技术在乳化炸药生产过程中的应用

文章介绍了乳化炸药物理敏化生产过程中，为加快装药前炸药冷却速率，引入空调冷却技术，提出冷却珍珠岩的方法，解决了乳化炸药冷却过程中冷却速率不等、药温不均匀的问题。通过试验证明，在敏化前将珍珠岩先进行冷却，然后再均匀地分散于基质中，并与基质进行稳定、均匀的热交换，达到均匀、快速冷却乳化炸药的降温目的。     

工艺冷却用蒸发器的选择

在设计工艺冷却过程中,充分了解不同形式的工艺冷却用蒸发器,才能选择最适合工艺条件的换热器。本文对制冷工艺用的3种常用蒸发器的使用范围、结构设计以及使用中的注意事项等进行归纳总结,为制冷工艺设计人员、化工工艺设计人员等提供一些参考。     

An evolutionary approach for cooling system optimization in plastic injection moulding

The cooling process is of great importance in plastic injection moulding as it has a direct impact on both productivity and product quality. Cooling process optimization is a sophisticated task which includes not only the design of cooling channels but also the selection of process parameters. Most existing optimization systems focus on either cooling channel design or process parameter selection but not both. This paper explores an approach to optimize both cooling channel design and process condition selection simultaneously through an evolutionary algorithm. The prototype system proposed in this paper is an integration of the genetic algorithm and CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) technology. The aim is to launch a computerized system that can guide the optimization of the cooling process in plastic injection moulding. The objective is to achieve the most uniform cavity surface temperature to assure product quality.     

浸塑成型中冷却时间的优化

采用数学建模的方法对浸塑成型中制件的冷却过程进行了模拟。通过对浸塑件冷却过程中的传热作合理简化,建立传热过程的扩散方程,并由边界条件的齐次化等数学方法,推导出确定浸塑件冷却时间的计算方程。将方程应用于聚氯乙烯(PVC)浸塑件冷却时间的计算与确定,并对比经验公式做了讨论与分析。结果表明,通过公式计算确定的冷却时间可以减少生产中脱模困难的问题,降低制件的后收缩率,达到优化浸塑工艺和改善制件性能的目的。     

Thermoresponsive PEG‐Coated Nanotubes as Chiral Selectors of Amino Acids and Peptides

A series of nanotubes with a dense layer of short poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains on the inner surface are prepared by means of a coassembly process using glycolipids and PEG derivatives. Dehydration of the PEG chains by heating increases the hydrophobicity of the nanotube channel and fluorescent‐dye‐labeled amino acids are extracted from bulk solution. Rehydration of the PEG chains by cooling results in back‐extraction of the amino acids into the bulk solution. Because of the supramolecular chirality of the nanotubes, amino acid enantiomers can be separated in the back‐extraction procedure, which is detectable with the naked eye as a change in fluorescence as the amino acids are released from the nanotubes. The efficiency and selectivity of the chiral separation are enhanced by tuning the chemical features and inner diameter of the nanotube channels. For example, compared with wide nanotube channels (8 nm), narrow nanotube channels (4 nm) provide more effective electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond interaction environments for the transporting amino acids. Introduction of branched alkyl chains to the inner surface of the nanotubes enables chiral separation of peptides containing hydrophobic amino acids. The system described here provides a simple, quick, and on‐site chiral separation in biological and medical fields.     

Failure analysis of H13 working die used in plastic injection moulding

The present study is focused on the failure of a die used in plastic injection moulding. The die was made from AISI H13 steel and was intended for the production of plastic cups used for the outer closure of cylindrical aluminium cans in coffee packaging. The appearance of the die provides a clear picture of degradations. Extended corrosion damage on various areas of the metallic part and a wide crack can be observed by the naked eye. Hardness measurements and chemical analysis eliminated the probability of faulty material selection or improper heat treatment. Visual inspection, macro-examination and microscopic observations of representative failed parts revealed that the failure was caused by corrosion that led to the total cracking of the die. The design deficiency and improper cooling conditions generated a complex fatigue-corrosion cracking mechanism that lead to the damage of the die after half of it’s predicted service life.     

某实验室工艺冷却水系统设计应用

叙述某实验室所需的工艺冷却水的使用工况及温度、流量高精度控制方面的要求,重点介绍冷却水系统的设计方法及设计要点,分析该系统实际使用效果.