新型饱和铁心高温超导限流器的实验研究

饱和铁心型超导限流器的直流超导绕组中的直流影响短路故障电流的限流效果,研究发现,饱和铁心型超导限流器直流超导绕组中的直流还可以抑制谐波,并减少正常情况交流电流的波形畸变率。该文提出了一种新型饱和铁心高温超导限流器。新型饱和铁心高温超导限流器在正常工作情况下,两个固态开关SSTS处于闭合状态,直流超导绕组中的直流使饱和铁心型超导限流器处于饱和状态,限流器不会出现限流现象。在短路故障情况下,两个SSTS快速动作,断开限流器直流超导绕组中的直流,提高限流能力,同时使限流电阻快速串入超导限流器的交流回路限流,进一步提高限流效果。研究了该新型限流器的工作原理,分析限流参数的变化对其限流特性的影响。通过仿真和和实验研究发现,新型限流器的限流效果非常明显,并能实现线路重合闸,电网的稳态和暂态短路电流显著减少,电网电能质量和动态稳定性得到有效提高。     

桥式超导故障限流器的数字仿真研究

桥式超导故障限流器,它由超导磁体、二极管桥路和直流偏压源组成。超导故障限流器与常规限流电抗器不同之处是:将其接入电网,当电力系统正常运行时,超导体电阻几乎为零,对电力系统运行无影响;当电网发生短路故障时,超导线圈可以无时延地被自动串入线路,从而限制了短路故障电流,使得轻型断路器可以正常动作。通过PSCAD软件对超导故障限流器的运行特性进行仿真分析,证明超导故障限流器在电力系统中应用的意义与前景。     

桥式超导故障限流器的数字仿真研究

桥式超导故障限流器,它由超导磁体、二极管桥路和直流偏压源组成.超导故障限流器与常规限流电抗器不同之处是:将其接入电网,当电力系统正常运行时,超导体电阻几乎为零,对电力系统运行无影响;当电网发生短路故障时,超导线圈可以无时延地被自动串入线路,从而限制了短路故障电流,使得轻型断路器可以正常动作.通过PSCAD软件对超导故障限流器的运行特性进行仿真分析,证明超导故障限流器在电力系统中应用的意义与前景.     

主动型饱和铁心超导限流器限流沮抗特性与动态仿真

饱和铁心型超导限流器（SICSFCL）在高压、超高压大容量电网的短路限流技术上有着广阔的应用前景。早期设计的SICSFCL存在一些问题。始终没有得到进一步的发展。采用短路故障瞬间切断直流励磁电流的方法,变被动限流型SICSFCL为主动限流型SICSFCL,克服了以上不足。使用Matlab动态仿真并结合380V／S0A限流器样机的试验结果,对主动限流型SICSFCL的短路电流限制特性进行了分析计算,得到SICSFCL阻抗的变化规律和计算方法。     

改进型饱和铁心高温超导限流器的实验研究

提出一种改进型饱和铁心高温超导限流器,其原副边绕组均采用超导绕组,在正常工作情况,没有限流现象.在短路故障情况,由于饱和铁心型高温超导限流器直流绕组中的直流电流影响限流能力,利用IGBT1快速断开直流电流以提高限流能力;同时断开限流器交流回路的IGBT2,使与之并联的限流电阻串入限流,提高了限流能力.研究了该限流器的工作原理,分析限流参数的变化对其限流特性的影响.仿真结果及实验结果表明,该限流器能抑制电力系统的谐波,具有明显的限流效果,能显著减少电力系统的暂态和稳态故障电流,实现线路重合闸,提高了电网电能质量和电力系统动态稳定性.     

主动型饱和铁心超导限流器限流阻抗特性与动态仿真

饱和铁心型超导限流器(CICSFCL)在高压、超高压大容量电网的短路限流技术上有着广阔的应用前景.早期设计的SICSFCL存在一些问题,始终没有得到进一步的发展.采用短路故障瞬间切断直流励磁电流的方法.变被动限流型SICSFCL为主动限流型SICSFCL,克服了以上不足.使用Matlab动态仿真并结合380 V/50 A限流器样机的试验结果,对主动限流型SICSFCL的短路电流限制特性进行了分析计算.得到SICSFCL阻抗的变化规律和计算方法.     

一种结合直流断路器的直流故障限流器拓扑

直流系统短路电流的限制与开断技术是直流输电技术发展的瓶颈。针对这一技术问题,文中在分析已有直流限流器和直流断路器拓扑的基础上,提出一种适用于直流系统的改进型故障电流限制器的拓扑结构,该设备利用直流断路器使用的电流转移原理分断电路,可在系统发生短路故障时快速限制短路电流的上升率及短路电流水平,有效保障内部的电力电子器件避免过电压而造成的损坏。通过在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型并进行故障限流的仿真,验证了限流器的功能和限流指标,仿真分析结果表明所提出的限流器具有良好的限流效果。     

新型磁控开关型故障限流器拓扑及试验研究

基于饱和铁心型高温超导故障限流器的拓扑,提出了一种适用于中高压电网的磁控开关型故障限流器拓扑结构,在偏置回路中串联了一个限流电感,通过故障前后交流电流的变化自动实现限流电感的退出和接入,从而实现对短路电流的限制,并研制了一台220 V/50 A试验样机。对限流器样机的试验结果表明,磁控开关型故障限流器在正常工作时电压损耗很小,对线路几乎没有影响;故障发生后,限流电感立即自动插入故障回路进行限流,基本不产生谐波,运行控制灵活且简单可靠,对短路电流具有快速、有效的限制作用。     

偏流切换桥路型高温超导故障限流器的实验研究

研究了应用于三相电力系统中偏流切换桥路型高温超导故障限流器实验室样机。正常工作情况,在电桥上引入直流偏置电流,不出现限流;短路故障情况,整流桥中的直流偏流影响限流效果,将直流偏置电压源切换到限流电阻,使故障电流限制到预定的范围。研究了该限流器的工作原理,分析限流参数的变化对其限流特性的影响。实验和仿真表明,该限流器有很好的限流和重合闸能力,能显著减少暂态及稳态的故障电流,有效提高系统的动态稳定性和电网的电能质量。     

饱和铁心型高温超导故障限流器仿真建模及短路特征研究

在建立饱和铁心型高温超导故障限流器(saturated iron-core type high temperature superconductive fault current limiters,SR-SFCL)电磁暂态仿真计算模型基础上,对电网发生短路故障后SR-SFCL一次绕组与励磁绕组的电流、电压过渡过程进行了定量计算,深入研究了一次绕组与励磁绕组电流、电压的特征和相互关系,分析了限流器对短路电流交流分量初始值、冲击电流和稳态短路电流的限制效果。研究指出:SR-SFCL对稳态短路电流具有很好的限制作用,充分发挥限流效果的关键是缩短励磁回路的灭磁时间,灭磁时间与一次电流、灭磁电阻取值等因素关系密切。     

Increase of inductance ratio of flat type fault current limiter with high‐Tc superconducting disk

Fault current limiters (FCLs) are expected to reduce fault current and improve stability of power systems. A flat type fault current limiter consisting of the pancake primary winding and a high‐T_c superconducting (HTS) disk was proposed as a modified version of a conventional magnetic shield type of the FCL with the superconducting cylinder. The flat type FCL has the advantage of being manufactured smaller than the cylinder type FCL. It is pointed out, from a magnetic field analysis, that the volume of the flat type FCL is smaller than that of the cylinder type FCL with same magnitude of the limiting inductance. Further, the magnetic field analysis suggests that a high inductance ratio can be realized by radially enlarging both the primary winding and the HTS disk, stacking the FCL modules in layers and sandwiching the primary winding with superconducting disks. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

船舶直流电网短路限流装置的设计与分析

针对现有断路器极限分断能力不能满足船舶直流电网短路保护要求的问题,制订了一种新型的基于固态限流器的船舶直流电力系统区域保护方案,给出了限流器拓扑结构;分析得到了其数学解析模型,并说明了工作的物理过程;推导出限流器的最大电容电压、主回路最大电流与电路各参数之间的关系,提供了限流器各器件选型的理论依据.基于此,研制出了新型小功率直流短路电网限流装置实验样机,并完成了以蓄电池组作为电源的电网突然短路限流实验.实验结果证明了所设计的限流器关键参数计算的正确性,且该限流器动作快速、准确,能有效地抑制短路电流,控制方法简便,具有良好的工程应用前景.     

Proposal of flux‐lock‐type fault current limiter with high‐TC superconducting element

This paper proposes a new type of fault current limiter (FCL), which consists of a high‐T_C superconducting (HTS) element and two coils wound on the same core without any leakage magnetic flux. In this FCL, either the limiting impedance or the initial limiting current level can be controlled by adjusting the inductances and the winding direction of the coils. Therefore, this FCL could relax the material restrictions on high‐T_C superconducting FCL. A current‐limiting experiment by a model FCL was carried out, and the limiting performance was observed. The initial limiting current level of the model FCL was 1.7 times higher than the critical current of the HTS element, and the fault current is suppressed to 52% immediately after the short‐circuit in the test. Considering voltage–current characteristics of a high‐T_C superconductor in a computer simulation, the calculated results almost agreed with the experimental results. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 127(1): 31–38, 1999     

Fundamental performance of superconducting fault current limiter with two air core coils

In this paper, we theoretically compared the fundamental characteristics of fault current limiter (FCL) with high‐Tc superconductor (HTS) and two coaxial air‐core coils based on steady‐state analysis. Two types of FCL are possible. One is parallel type and the other is transformer type. The parallel type can be divided into two types according to the combination of the winding direction of coils. That is, there are two cases that the coils are wound so that the magnetic fluxes induced by coils reduce and increase each other. In this paper, we called them parallel type 1 and 2, respectively. There is no significant difference in the HTS volume required to satisfy both the specified limiting impedance Z_FCL and initial current I_ini in limiting operation among those three FCLs although the HTS in each type of FCL has different length and cross‐sectional area. In the cases of those FCLs, we can improve the current limiting performance by arranging the HTS in the coils and applying the magnetic flux to the HTS in the limiting operation. The magnitudes of the magnetic flux density are almost the same. From the viewpoint of the FCL impedance in normal operation, parallel type 1 has the most desirable structure. On the other hand, transformer type is the best to eliminate the magnetic flux applied to the HTS in the normal operation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 29–36, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20477     

有源等效阻抗限流器的研究

有源等效阻抗限流器由电压型电力电子逆变器、直流电容、滤波器组成,通过变压器串联接入电网.电网正常时,限流器实现提高电能质量的功能或停止工作;故障发生后,立刻投入限流,对电网来说限流器等效为一可调阻抗,此阻抗设定为纯电感时可同时满足限流及使装置提供的有功最小.给出了实际电路与控制方法,理论分析与仿真结果均表明限流器具有优良的限流特性.     

基于可控串补的故障限流器

研究了一种基于可控串补结构的故障限流器,可对电网进行功率控制并在故障时降低短路电流水平。该故障限流器主要由并联电容、并联电感、反并联晶闸管和与开关并联的串联电感构成。开关用于装置在串补和限流模式间进行切换,装置正常工作时运行于串补模式,故障时迅速切换到限流模式运行,有效限制短路电流。该装置在原有串补装置上改动较少,可为现有设备增加故障限流功能做参考。通过Matlab/Simulink软件对系统进行仿真研究,结果表明此装置能够控制功率并限制短路电流,是电力系统中可靠的保护和控制装置。     

永磁饱和型高压直流限流器参数优化设计

随着高压直流系统短路电流水平的提升,故障电流可能超出断路器遮断容量,或使其体积与成本急剧增加。使用故障限流器抑制故障电流上升速度,能够降低对直流断路器性能的要求。其中,永磁饱和型故障限流器具有无需外加控制、自动响应、无需外加励磁电流和损耗较低等优点。目前限流器参数设计主要针对稳态电感值,考虑暂态特性的参数设计及优化方法仍待研究。为此,文中提出一种用于直流系统的永磁饱和型故障限流器参数优化设计方法。首先,介绍了该类型限流器的工作原理。其次,提出了限流器优化设计的约束条件和优化目标函数,以成本最低为目标进行了限流器参数优化设计。最后,建立了有限元和电路仿真模型进行仿真计算,并研制了一台限流器样机,进行了试验。仿真和试验结果表明:采用所提方法可以设计出符合要求的限流器,降低了限流器成本,减小了直流断路器分断过程中的应力。     

直流电网中超导限流器与高压直流断路器的协调配合方法

为缓和直流电网中直流断路器(DCCB)的最大切除时间和切断故障电流大小之间的矛盾,研究超导限流器(SFCL)抑制直流故障电流的方法,提出一种SFCL与DCCB的协调配合方案。分析了不同阻值SFCL的限流特性,并针对超导体并联电阻值、限流电抗值等影响因素进行了比较,在此基础上提出了SFCL与DCCB的时序配合条件。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了含SFCL的5端直流电网测试模型,仿真结果验证了SFCL的故障限流特性,通过合理选择SFCL参数与限流电抗器值可以有效抑制故障电流值,减少DCCB中耗能支路耗散的能量,加速故障隔离过程。     

Design guidelines of a flux‐lock superconducting fault current limiter with ac magnetic field coil for a 6.6‐kV distribution system

We have proposed a new type of fault current limiter, which consists of a flux‐lock reactor with high‐Tc superconducting (HTS) elements and an ac magnetic field coil (Flux‐Lock‐Type Fault Current Limiter: FLT‐FCL). The FLT‐FCL can increase both the current capacity and the limiting impedance by means of a transformer action and an ac magnetic field application mechanism. This paper reports the conceptual design of an FLT‐FCL for application to a 6.6‐kV/200‐A distribution system. Theoretical expressions for the current limiting behavior are derived and the new concept of “quench power” is proposed in order to estimate the required number of HTS elements for two types of FLT‐FCL and for a basic FCL type consisting only of HTS elements. Design guidelines for the FLT‐FCL are derived from the calculation results. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(4): 17–25, 2001