热处理对挤压态Mg-6Gd-5Y-1Zn合金组织与性能的影响

通过对Mg-6Gd-5Y-1Zn(质量分数,%)合金在固溶和时效处理状态下显微组织和力学性能的研究发现,α-Mg基体、沿挤压方向分布的条状18R-LPSO相、少量的Mg₂₄(GdYZn)₅ 相以及细层片状的14H-LPSO相构成了挤压态合金的组成相。挤压态合金经固溶(T4)处理后,一部分18R-LPSO相溶入基体,并且基体中的14H-LPSO相伸长同时粗化。挤压态合金经过固溶加时效(T6)处理后,大量β′相从α-Mg基体中析出。T6态合金的室温力学性能最好,其屈服强度、抗拉强度及伸长率分别为272 MPa、406 MPa和6.1%。β′相沉淀也发生在挤压态合金的直接人工时效(T5)处理过程,但相比于T6处理,14H-LPSO相和β′相在基体中的体积分数均偏低。     

喷射沉积Mg-12.55Al-3.33Zn-0.58Ca-1.0Nd合金组织与力学性能研究

利用XRD、OM、SEM、TEM研究了喷射沉积Mg-12.55Al-3.33Zn-0.58Ca-1.0Nd合金挤压态的显微组织和合金的力学性能。结果表明:喷射沉积挤压态镁合金主要包含基体α-Mg和Al2Ca相,基体组织为等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸为3μm;Al2Ca颗粒主要沿镁基体晶界分布,颗粒尺寸在1.0μm左右,并在Al2Ca相中存在孪晶结构;合金的σb、σ0.2、δ分别为450、325MPa,5%。在拉伸断口上存在大量石块状的Al2Ca相,表明合金的断裂方式为沿晶断裂;与经热挤压的铸造AZ91镁合金对比,该合金强度明显提高,但合金塑性降低;合金强度的提高主要来源于合金的细晶强化和Al、Zn对合金的固溶强化,而伸长率降低是由于合金中存在的大量Al2Ca颗粒是沿镁基体晶界分布,导致合金的塑性降低。     

挤压变形态Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn-xY合金的显微组织和力学性能

利用OM,XRD,SEM等方法研究Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn-xY合金经过挤压后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:合金在挤压过程中发生了动态再结晶,出现了大量等轴晶,晶粒明显细化;合金中AlLi相被挤碎,并呈现出沿着挤压方向分布;当Y含量增加到2.0%(质量分数)后,AlLi相消失;挤压后合金的抗拉强度最高为326.3MPa。细晶强化和第二相强化是提高合金抗拉强度的2个主要因素,Al2Y含量,尺寸及分布决定着第二相强化作用的强弱。     

铸态Mg-6Zn-2Er合金的室温拉伸失效机制

在室温条件下进行了铸态Mg-6Zn-2Er合金的室温拉伸试验。结果表明,该合金的断裂伸长率为5．6％。粗大的第二相,特别是粗大的Mg3Zn3Er2相（W相）是合金失效断裂的主要原因。这表明W相不能有效地实现应力的传递,导致自身内部有裂纹产生。比较可知,合金的基体与第二相间的界面比较稳定,没有裂纹产生。因此,合金第二相的尺寸、分布、形貌和类型显著地影响合金的塑性变形行为。     

热挤压高强度Mg-6Zn-4Y合金

通过铸造和300℃热加压制备细晶Mg-6Zn-4Y合金,利用XRD、OM、SEM和TEM研究合金组织,并测试其室温拉伸性能。结果表明,合金主要由α-Mg和W相两相组成,挤压态合金具有双峰晶粒尺寸分布;细小晶粒为动态再结晶晶粒,平均尺寸为1.2μm;粗大晶粒（占面积分数的23%）为未再结晶区域,并沿挤压方向被拉长。合金的极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为（371±10）MPa,（350±5）MPa和（7±2）%,其工程应力—应变曲线有明显的屈服点。合金高强度归因于晶粒细化和W相、纳米沉淀颗粒及强基面织构的增强作用。     

热挤压对不同搅拌时间制备的纳米SiCp/Mg-9Al-1Zn复合材料组织和性能的影响

通过半固态搅拌铸造和热挤压变形复合工艺制备出了质量分数为1%的纳米SiCp/Mg-9Al-1Zn镁基复合材料。研究了搅拌时间分别为10min和30min时对纳米SiCp/Mg-9Al-1Zn镁基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,对于铸态的纳米SiCp/Mg-9Al-1Zn镁基复合材料来说,搅拌时间为30min时,基体的晶粒细化,但在晶界处析出的Mg17Al12相数量增多,网状化严重且SiC团聚增加,使得复合材料的力学性能下降。而通过热挤压后,复合材料形成了粗晶与细晶交替的组织结构。特别是对于搅拌时间为30min的复合材料,细晶区增多且纳米SiC颗粒分布更加均匀, 这就使得力学性能高于搅拌10min的挤压态的SiCp/Mg-9Al-1Zn复合材料。     

挤压和热处理对ZM61镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究均匀化、挤压以及热处理对Mg-5.77%Zn-0.94%Mn(ZM61)(质量分数)镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:ZM61铸态组织呈枝晶结构,枝晶间网状的和枝晶内颗粒状的金属间化合物为Mg7Zn3;经(330℃,8 h)+(420℃,2 h)的两级均匀化处理后,化合物绝大部分溶解于基体;两级均匀化处理可大幅降低合金的挤压温度(降低幅度30℃)、减少挤压态组织中的残余流线、提高挤压态合金的伸长率、缩短固溶时间,但并未明显细化挤压态合金的晶粒;对于可时效强化的ZM61变形镁合金来说,晶粒大小对其力学性能的影响不大,起主要强化作用的是时效析出相的类型、尺寸和弥散程度;ZM61在时效过程中主要析出沿[0001]α-Mg的β1′杆状相和平行于(0001)α-Mg的β2′盘状相的析出相,其中β1′杆状相为起主要强化作用的析出相。     

Enhanced Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Mg–2Zn–0.6Zr Alloy with Extrusion

The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg–2 Zn–0.6 Zr alloy under the as-cast and asextruded conditions were investigated. Microstructure analysis indicated the remarkable grain refinement by extrusion, as well as notable reductions in volume fraction and size of precipitate phases. As compared with the as-cast alloy, the asextruded alloy exhibited better mechanical performance, especially in yield strength which was promoted from 51 to 194 MPa. Refined grains, dispersive precipitate phases and texture were thought to be the main factors affecting the improved performance in strength. The electrochemical measurement and immersion test revealed the corrosion rate of Mg–2 Zn–0.6 Zr alloy by extrusion decreased from 1.68 to 0.32 mm/year. The reasons for the enhanced corrosion resistance were mainly attributed to the decreased volume fraction and Volta potential of the precipitate phases, the refinement of the grain size, as well as the formation of more protective corrosion film.     

Anisotropy and Deformation Mechanisms of As-Extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y Magnesium Alloy Under High Strain RatesEI北大核心CSCD

As a very important design principle, the dynamic properties of materials attracted extensive attention in resent years and a bunch of works have been done concerning with the materials deformation behaviors under high strain rates. However, the dynamic behaviors of magnesium alloys are not through understood, especially the rare earth based magnesium alloys. In order to investigate the dynamic and anisotropic behavior under high strain rates deformation of as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y magnesium alloy, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus was used to testing the true stress-true strain curves under the high strain rates of 1000, 1500 and 2200 s(-1) of as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y magnesium alloy. The OM and SEM were used to analysis the micorstructure evolution and fracture surface morphology of the alloy. The true reason behind the anisotropic phenomenon was revealed based on the deformation mechanism of highly basal-textured magnesium alloy. The results demonstrate that the as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y magnesium alloy exhibits pronounced anisotropy during compression according to the loading direction. The anisotropy of the as-extruded Mg-3Zn-1Y magnesium alloy are arised from the variety of the deformation mechanisms. When the loading direction is along extrusion direction, the predominant deformation mode changes from extension twinning at a lower strain to prismatic slip at a higher strain. While compressed along extrusion radial direction (ERD), the predominant deformation mode changes from contraction twinning to a coordination of basal and second order pyramidal slip with the increasing of strain.     

二次挤压对MB26镁合金棒材组织及性能的影响

采用二次挤压工艺制备MB26(Mg-6.3Zn-0.7Zr-0.9Y-0.3Nd)镁合金棒材,研究不同挤压比对MB26合金组织性能的影响,通过金相(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段分析稀土元素在合金中的分布及其对微观组织的影响。结果表明:合金在二次挤压过程中发生动态再结晶,随着挤压比的增加,再结晶晶粒细化,当挤压比λ=25时,平均晶粒尺寸为1.9μm,合金力学性能达到最优;合金经挤压变形后出现大量W(Mg3Y2Zn3)相和β′(MgZn)相,均呈弥散分布,钉扎晶界,阻碍了动态再结晶晶粒的长大。通过数据拟合得到该合金屈服强度与晶粒尺寸的Hall-Petch关系。     

低合金化Mg-Zn-Y合金的显微组织与力学性能研究

本文通过常规铸造制备了三种成分的低合金化Mg-Zn-Y (Mg-0.6Zn-0.1Y、Mg-1.3Zn-0.1Y、Mg-2.0Zn-0.1Y，wt.%)，并对其进行低温慢速挤压（140℃，0.1mm/s）。研究结果表明：随Zn含量的增加，挤压前合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐减少。挤压后合金晶粒显著细化，形成弥散的纳米析出相，同时随Zn含量的增加合金的再结晶程度与纳米析出相的数量均增加，基面织构强度则无显著变化。挤压后合金的力学性能得到大幅提升，其中Mg-2.0Zn-0.1Y合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到406.4MPa、424.5MPa、12.2%。随Zn含量增加，Mg-Zn-Y合金的延伸率显著增加，其断口形貌由解理面转变为细小的韧窝，断裂方式由解理断裂转变为韧性断裂。     

Zn含量对铸态Mg-2Er合金的微观结构及力学性能影响

采用XRD和SEM等微观表征技术研究不同Zn添加量对Mg-2Er合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：当Zn添加量为1%和2%时,合金主要相组成为W相和α-Mg;当Zn添加量为4%-10%时,合金中则有I相析出,合金相成分变为W相、I相和α-Mg;当Zn添加量增加至12%时,W相消失,合金中主要第二相则为I相和Mg4Zn7相。当Zn添加量为6%时,合金具有较好的拉伸力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为224 MPa、134 MPa和10.4%。     

高强Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

通过金属模铸、热挤压和时效处理(T5)工艺过程制备出高强Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金,并利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM及TEM分析研究Mg合金不同状态下的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的片层状第二相Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)组成,经过热挤压变形后,合金晶粒显著细化,时效处理过程中Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相上析出少量细小的颗粒状Mg3Zn3(Gd,Y)2相。时效态合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到446 MPa、399 MPa和6.1%,其强化方式主要为细晶强化和第二相强化。     

挤压比及不同Mn含量对Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-xMn镁合金组织性能的影响

通过模铸法制备了Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-xMn (x=0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, wt.%)系列镁合金,研究了挤压比及Mn含量对Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-xMn镁合金显微组织及室温力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：铸态Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-xMn合金经热挤压后,合金中的长周期堆垛有序(LPSO)结构由亚稳的18R结构转变为稳定的14H结构。大挤压比能够显著提高合金的室温力学性能,当Mn含量为0.8%时,未时效态抗拉强度达到386MPa,断后延伸率约为10%。     

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1.4Y-0.6Zr alloy

To investigate the effects of solution temperature and the decomposition of I-phase on the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn-1.4Y-0.6Zr alloy, solution treatment at 440 oC, 460 oC and 480 oC and further aging treatment were conducted on the alloy. The results indicate that the net-like intermetallic compounds(mainly I-phase) dissolve into the α-Mg matrix gradually with the increase of solution temperature from 440 oC to 480 oC. Besides, the I-phase decomposes completely at 480 oC, with the formation of fine W-phase(thermal stable phase) and Mg_7Zn_3 phase. In addition, a great number of fine and dispersive Mg-Zn binary phases precipitate in the α-Mg matrix during the aging treatment. Due to the increase of solute atoms and the precipitation of strengthening phases, such as W-phase and Mg-Zn phases, the optimal strength is obtained after solution treatment at 460 oC for 8 h and aged at 200 oC for 16 h. The yield strength(YS), ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and elongation are 208 MPa, 257 MPa and 3.8%, respectively. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the increments of YS and UTS are 117% and 58%, respectively, while the decrement of elongation is 46%.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-10Gd-6Y-2Zn-0.6Zr(wt.%) alloy

Microstructures and tensile mechanical properties of Mg-10Gd-6Y-2Zn-0.6Zr alloy were systematically studied. Four phases were found in the as-cast specimen: α-Mg, Mg₃(GdYZn), Mg₁₂(GdY)Zn and Mg₂₄(GdYZn)₅. The long-period stacking order (LPSO) structure is found, which is the phase of Mg₁₂(GdY)Zn. The LPSO structure has two existing forms: lamellar structure in the inner grains and block-like structure at grain boundaries. 6H-type LPSO structure with a stacking sequence of ABCBCB′ is defined in homogenized specimen, where A and B′ layers are significantly enriched by Gd, Y and Zn. The ageing hardening behavior of as-extruded specimens at 200 °C has been investigated. The ultimate tensile strengths of the as-extruded and peak-aged alloys are 360 MPa and 432 MPa, and the elongations are 18% and 5% respectively. The effective strengthening models have been considered to predict the strength. The results suggested that the sub-micron metastable β′ phase was the main strengthening factor of the peak-aged alloy.     

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on LPSO Kinking and Microstructure Evolution of Mg-11Gd-4Y-2Zn-O.5Zr Alloy

Two different kinds of hot compressions,namely normal-compression and can-compression,were performed on the Mg-11Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy,featured with long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase.The kinking behavior of LPSO phase and microstructure evolution was investigated to clarify the effect of levels of imposed hydrostatic pressure.The results suggest that the LPSO phases including both the intragranular 14H-LPSO phase and intergranular 18R-LPSO phase suffer severe kinking behavior under higher hydrostatic pressure induced by can-compression,which is firstly characterized with more kinking times and smaller relative kinking width.The main reason for such enhanced LPSO kinking during cancompression may be mainly ascribed to the higher dislocation density under a higher level of hydrostatic pressure.Meanwhile,a competitive relationship between the kink behaviors of intergranular 18R-LPSO phase and intragranular 14H-LPSO phase was observed.That is,the intergranular 18R-LPSO phase only kinks obviously on the condition that the surrounded intragranular 14H-LPSO phase scarcely kinks.In contrast to the distinctive kinking of LPSO phase,the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism shows less dependence on the hydrostatic pressure.Resultantly,similar DRX fractions and crystallographic texture were attained for two compression processes owing to the similar operation of deformation mode.     

Effects of second phases on fracture behavior of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr alloy

The effects of second phases on the fracture behavior of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr alloy were investigated. The results show that the fracture mode can be generally described as ductile transgranular fracture in as-extruded condition and intergranular fracture in peak-aged condition. In as-extruded condition, the ductile transgranular fracture occurs by the formation and transgranular propagation of the microcrack from the broken primary phases. However, as the collaboration effects of precipitates inside grains and on the grain boundaries have the tendency to reduce the cohesive strength of the grain boundary, and make the grain boundaries the favorable path for crack propagation, the intergranular fracture occurs in peak-aged condition.     

MICROSTRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF RECIPROCATINGLY EXTRUDED Mg-6.4Zn-1.IY ALLOYS

An icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystalline phase can be produced in Mg-Zn-Y system alloys when a proper amount of Zn and Y is contained, and it is feasible to prepare the quasicrystal phase-reinforced low-density magnesium alloy. In this article, phase constituents and the effect of reciprocating extrusion on microstructures and properties of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy are analyzed. The microstructure of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy consists of the a-Mg solid solution, icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystal, and Mg3 Y2Zn3 and MgZn2 compounds. After the alloy was reciprocatingly extruded for four passes, grains were refined, Mg3 Y2 Zn3 and MgZn2 phases dissolved into the matrix, whereas, Mg3YZn6 precipitated and distributed uniformly. The alloy possesses the best performance at this state; the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 323.4 MPa, 258.2 MPa, and 19.7%, respectively. In comparison with that of the as-cast alloy, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the reciprocatingly extruded alloy increase by 258.3%, 397.5%, and 18 times, respectively. It is concluded that reciprocating extrusion can substantially improve the properties of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy, particularly for elongation. The high performance of the Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy after reciprocating extrusion can be attributed to dispersion strengthening and grain-refined microstructures.     

Microstructures and Properties of Reciprocatingly Extruded Mg-6.4Zn-1.1Y Alloys

An icosahedral Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystalline phase can be produced in Mg-Zn- Y system alloys when a proper amount of Zn and Y is contained, and it is feasible to prepare the quasicrystal phase-reinforced low-density magnesium alloy. In this article, phase constituents and the effect of reciprocating extrusion on microstructures and properties of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy are analyzed. The microstructure of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy consists of the α-Mg solid solution, icosahedral Mg3YZn6 quasicrystal, and Mg3 Y2Zn3 and MgZn2 compounds. After the alloy was reciprocatingly extruded for four passes, grains were refined, Mg3 Y2 Zn3 and MgZn2 phases dissolved into the matrix, whereas, Mg3 YZn6 precipitated and distributed uniformly. The alloy possesses the best performance at this state; the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 323.4 MPa, 258.2 MPa, and 19.7%, respectively. In comparison with that of the as-cast alloy, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the reciprocatingly extruded alloy increase by 258.3%, 397.5%, and 18 times, respectively. It is concluded that reciprocating extrusion can substantially improve the properties of the as-cast Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy, particularly for elongation. The high performance of the Mg-6.4Zn-1.1 Y alloy after reciprocating extrusion can be attributed to dispersion strengthening and grain-refined microstructures.