Joint frame synchronization and frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems

A new joint frame synchronization and carrier frequency offset estimation scheme in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed in this paper, where both frame synchronization and carrier frequency offset estimation can be performed by using only ONE training symbol. Frame synchronization and carrier frequency offset acquisition are performed simultaneously in the proposed scheme. Reliable frame synchronization is obtained in the proposed scheme even in low SNR. The maximum carrier frequency offset acquisition range of the proposed scheme can be up to one half of the total signal bandwidth. The same training symbol can also be utilized to carrier frequency offset Fine Adjustment, which estimates the remaining carrier frequency offset after acquisition with higher accuracy. The performance comparison of the proposed Fine Adjustment algorithm and Schmidl's algorithm by using computer simulation illustrates and verify the superior performance of the proposed algorithm with regard to estimation accuracy.     

A Technique for Frequency Synchronization in Multi-Band OFDM in Realistic UWB Channel

This paper presents a highly accurate frequency offset estimation algorithm for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) systems effective for realistic ultra-wideband (UWB) environment. The proposed algorithm derives its estimates based on phase differences in the received subcarrier signals of several successive OFDM symbols in the preamble. We consider different carrier frequency offsets and different channel responses in different bands to keep the analysis and simulation compatible for practical multi-band UWB scenario. Performance of the proposed algorithm is studied by means of bit error rate (BER) performance of MB-OFDM system. In order to compare the variance of the synchronizer to that of the theoretical optimum, we derive the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the estimation error variance and compare it with the simulated error variance both in additive white Gaussian noise and UWB channel model (CM) environments, CM1–CM4. Next, we modify the estimation algorithm by proposing a multi-band averaging frequency offset synchronization (MBAFS) scheme. We establish superior BER performance with MBAFS compared to our first scheme. We calculate modified CRLB for MBAFS and compare it with simulation results for CM1–CM4. Both analysis and simulation show that MBAFS algorithm can estimate the carrier frequency offset effectively and precisely in UWB fading channels for MB-OFDM applications. We also analyze the computational complexity of both the proposed algorithms in order to verify their feasibility of implementation in practical UWB receiver design.     

Joint carrier frequency synchronization and channel estimation for OFDM systems via the EM algorithm

A joint carrier frequency synchronization and channel estimation scheme is proposed for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In the proposed scheme, carrier frequency synchronization and channel estimation are performed iteratively via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm using an OFDM preamble symbol. Moreover, we analytically investigate the effect of frequency offset error on the mean square error (MSE) performance of channel estimator. Simulation results present that the proposed scheme achieves almost ideal performance for both channel and frequency offset estimation.     

一种基于星间光链路的帧同步与频偏估计方法

为了解决星间激光通信不同步导致的信息质量差与解调难度大等问题,针对滑动互相关算法帧同步易受载波频偏影响的不足,采用计算仿真的方法分析了星间多普勒效应引起的载波频偏程度,提出差分相关算法以实现帧同步与载波频偏估计,并给出硬件实现方案,分析了差分相关算法的帧同步与载波频偏估计性能。结果表明,差分相关算法能够实现大载波频偏影响下的帧同步,且具有较强的频偏估计性能,采用差分相关算法后系统的误码性能提升近3dB。此结果说明,差分相关算法是解决星间激光链路同步问题的有效方法。     

高速8-PSK的PFD载波恢复设计

设计一种基于8PSK调制方案的锁频锁相器载波恢复环路,该环路由通用载波同步鉴相算法结合PFD算法,实现了大频偏的捕获和获得较小的稳态相位抖动。提出针对MPSK调制方案的PFD的两种加窗方法,选择较优的方案进行了性能仿真。结果表明,该载波恢复方案具有捕获频偏大、稳态相差小、稳定性高的特点,是一种非常适合于卫星通信的高速8PSK调制的载波恢复方案。     

一种改进的GFDM时频同步算法

针对广义频分复用( GFDM)系统对符号定时同步要求较高的问题,提出了一种新的基于前缀码的同步算法。在接收端,在获取粗略定时信息的基础上,利用前缀码前后两部分的相位差实现载波频偏估计,并对接收序列的频率偏移进行纠正,然后通过纠正后序列与已知发射前缀的互相关函数实现精确的符号定时估计。由于该前缀码具有共轭对称的特性,使其避免了“平顶效应”的出现。结合5G中低时延高可靠场景,在频率选择性信道中对其进行仿真,并通过均方误差对其性能进行了评估。理论分析及仿真结果表明,该算法相对于原算法具有更好的定时同步性能和更低的复杂度,提升了GFDM系统的整体性能。     

基于CAZAC序列的水声通信技术研究

针对CI/OFDM系统对同步的敏感要求,提出了一种基于CAZAC序列的时频同步算法。该算法不仅可以实现定时同步,还可利用定时同步的相关结果和循环相关的原理实现小数倍频偏和整数倍频偏的估计与补偿。仿真和实验结果表明,在水声信道下,该算法具有良好的时频同步性能。     

Low-complexity blind carrier frequency recovery for OFDM signals over frequency-selective radio channels

This paper introduces a blind (i.e., data independent) algorithm for carrier frequency offset recovery in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver operating over frequency-selective fading channels. The main idea behind this algorithm is to exploit the time-frequency-domain exchange inherent to the modulation scheme. Due to this feature, a carrier frequency offset has a similar impact on OFDM as a clock timing offset has in a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) system. The scheme we propose is a variant of Oerder-Meyr's (1988) feedforward clock recovery. Its performance is assessed by simulation, and the results are compared to those obtained from Van de Beek-Sandell-Borjesson's (1997) frequency synchronizer, which bears comparable complexity. The new scheme is shown to outperform the latter over frequency-selective fading channels, notably at medium to high signal-to-noise ratios. We also evaluated the efficiency of two different (time domain and frequency domain) offset correction strategies embedded in a particular OFDM receiver.     

TDMA信号的宽范围载波同步译码联合迭代处理

针对时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access,TDMA)信号提出了宽范围的载波同步译码联合迭代处理的方案。该方案主要分为三个部分,首先利用TDMA信号的同步码进行数据辅助同步,对信号中的大频偏和相偏进行粗估计和纠正;然后利用线性调频Z变换(Chirp-Z Transform,CZT)算法针对整突发帧进行非数据辅助同步,精确估计和纠正信号的剩余频偏;最后通过利用译码器输出的软信息进行编码辅助同步,多次迭代得到剩余相偏的精确估计,最终实现载波的精确同步并输出译码结果。实验结果表明,所提方案具有同步捕获范围宽、参数估计精度高、译码输出误比特率低等优点,在低信噪比环境下也能表现出优良性能。     

Carrier Frequency Synchronization and Tracking for OFDM Systems with Receive Antenna Diversity

Blind carrier frequency synchronization for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with receive diversity is proposed in this paper. This method utilizes the fact that different receive branches contain uncorrelated observations about the same information bits. Due to receive diversity, our synchronizer can perform well without virtual subcarriers when channel state information (CSI) is known. In addition, we shall analyze the effects of CSI errors on the carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation and show that the proposed algorithm is robust to CSI error. In particular, we derive the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) from the mean square error (MSE) of the carrier frequency synchronizer. Computer simulation results show the performance improvement of our synchronizer to the single antenna systems and to the existing method.     

多径衰落信道下的OFDM时频联合同步算法

符号定时和载波频率偏差将严重影响OFDM系统的性能。基于具有重复结构的CAZAC序列,提出了一种仅利用一个CAZAC符号实现符号定时、整数倍频偏与小数倍频偏估计的同步算法。这种算法在完成粗定时同步的同时得到整数倍频偏估计,然后根据整数倍频偏估计值对定时估计进行修正,最后完成小数倍频偏估计。分析与仿真结果表明,该算法相对经典算法,不但提高了传输效率,还显著改善了OFDM系统的定时与频偏估计性能,相比CAZAC序列算法,提升了多径信道下的同步性能。     

复杂环境下突发短帧扩频通信系统处理算法设计与综合性能仿真

以海上舰船和无人机控制信道为应用背景,结合某扩频通信系统的设计提出一种适合突发短帧模式的扩频通信系统设计方案.给出关键模块的实现算法分析,针对突发模式特点设计了一种频域并行伪码捕获算法,该算法采用变频率覆盖、变频率步进、变积分时间的搜索策略,使系统既能在大频偏条件下工作,又能在低载噪比条件下工作.论文还设计了一种在突发短帧模式下,能同时实现位同步和帧同步的联合同步算法.最后对设计方案进行综合性能数值仿真与分析.     

一种抗频偏的时间精同步方法及性能分析

该文导出了互相关时间精同步的性能随频率偏移和信噪比变化的表达式,并提出一种受频偏影响较小的精同步方法。该文对同步性能表达式进行分析,得到在某一频偏下同步序列长度的上限值。新方法将同步序列分段,每段和接收信号分别作互相关,将各段的相关值延时相加作为同步的度量。通过仿真将新方法和其它时间同步方法进行了对比。仿真结果表明,新方法可以大大提高系统抗频偏的能力。     

极低信噪比环境下的载波同步算法研究

在极低信噪比环境下,需要使用纠错能力强的编码比如Turbo码,但Turbo码系统的缺点是要求近乎理想的载波同步。然而,在极低信噪比环境下,Turbo编码系统的同步是具有挑战性的工作。文章提出了一种基于最大均方软输出的扫频和面向判决载波同步相结合的载波同步算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能捕获较大的频偏和相偏,且在极低信噪比环境下,仍能正常工作,其性能非常接近理想同步条件下的性能。     

一种抗频偏的定时同步方法及其性能分析

针对长序列互相关定时同步性能受频偏影响的问题,提出了一种分段频偏补偿的定时同步算法.该算法在分段互相关的基础上,使用频偏补偿替代传统的绝对值操作,在减少载波频偏对同步峰值影响的同时不增加噪声均值.理论分析和仿真结果表明,改进方法定时同步性能优于传统分段方法,适用于低信噪比大频偏的无线通信系统.     

卫星5G通信抗干扰时频同步算法

为了提高卫星通信系统的抗干扰和抗频偏能力,提出了一种在5G物理层波形中融入扩频技术的传输波形设计方案和辅同步信号（Secondary Synchroniztion Singnal,SSS）辅助主同步信号（Primary Synchronization Signal,PSS）多步联合抗干扰时频同步算法。该算法的实现分为3步：首先采用SSS辅助PSS二维时间同步得到粗同步点;然后根据粗同步点进行整数倍和小数倍频偏估计与补偿,其中小数倍频偏估计分为PSS扫频粗频偏估计和SSS辅助PSS互相关精频偏估计;最后对频偏补偿后的接收序列再次进行精时间同步和频偏补偿。仿真结果表明,所提设计方案和同步算法可以抗干信比为12 dB的干扰,并且在低信噪比下的性能优于传统算法。     

高速移动环境下OFDM系统载波同步

在分析OFDM系统载波频偏信号模型的基础上,提出了基于单OFDM前导符号载波同步的高效算法。将基于前导符号相关的方法和基于循环前缀相关的方法融合,应用信道估计和均衡补偿信道中的残留频偏,从链路级研究易于实现的载波同步算法,在高速无线多径Rayleigh信道下,相对频偏ε<±0·5的条件下车速120km/h时获得十分理想的载波同步结果。     

DAB接收机中载波频偏估计

同步系统是 DAB 接收机的关键之一,针对其中的载波同步算法进行了分析。在理论分析载波频率偏差对 DAB 系统性能影响的基础上,介绍了2种分别用于载波粗频偏估计和细频偏估计的算法。粗频偏估计算法基于 DAB 信号所特有的相位参考符号(PRS),细频偏估计算法基于 OFDM 信号所特有的循环前缀(CP),对其它采用 OFDM 技术的系统具有很好的通用性。仿真结果表明这2种算法估计性能良好。     

基于EM算法的码辅助迭代载波同步的预估计

针对非贝叶斯迭代载波同步联合译码算法的收敛条件进行研究,以EM迭代估计模型为例,重点研究了多种频偏预估计算法的估计性能,并结合最大似然相位估计算法,仿真得到了使EM迭代估计器收敛的概率,分析无法收敛对系统译码性能的恶化程度,以及为满足最终误码性能所需要选择的预估计方案,并得到了一些有参考价值的结论.     

Decision Feedback Frequency Offset Estimation and Tracking for General ICI Self-Cancellation Based OFDM Systems

Inter-carrier interference (ICI) self-cancellation schemes were often employed in many OFDM systems as a simple and effective approach to suppress ICI caused by carrier frequency errors. The same procedure, however, can not perform very well at high frequency offsets. We propose a simple decision feedback scheme based on the general ICI self-cancellation scheme to perform estimation and tracking of the carrier frequency offsets. A system with the scheme does not consume additional bandwidth since it used the same data symbols employed for ICI cancellation for the estimation. After an initial estimation is completed, the scheme switches to the tracking mode to carry out the estimation of deviations in the frequency offsets. Finally this fine-tuned estimate is applied to the ICI self-cancellation scheme concurrently for frequency offset correction and hence improved the system performance greatly. Simulation results showed that our scheme allowed up to 9% of random variations in the frequency offset. The effectiveness of our scheme is further verified by calculating the bit error rate performance of various OFDM receivers.