时间敏感网络业务流动态调度场景中的批量重配置算法

工业自动化领域广泛使用时间敏感网络技术. 该领域业务流的调度方式主要包含静态调度和动态调度. 静态调度一次计算所有业务流, 可以最大程度节省链路和时间资源, 但是计算时间长, 无法灵活处理新增业务流. 动态调度以增量的形式计算新增业务流, 计算时间短, 但是资源分配不够合理, 会产生时隙碎片. 全局流重配置机制可以定期对网络中所有业务流进行重新规划, 来优化链路和时间资源的分配, 但该机制只适用于拥有较少业务流的小型网络, 业务流数量的增多会引起计算时间的急剧增长, 影响后续到来的业务流. 本文在现有动态调度算法的基础上, 设计了批量重配置算法. 该算法给出了新的评价指标——网络吞吐率, 并在满足动态调度秒级响应时间的情况下, 定期重配置网络中的部分业务流, 优化网络资源配置. 此外, 算法给出了重配置业务流的选取标准, 并优化了流的路径选择标准和传输开始时间计算方式. 本文针对原算法和增加了批量重配置机制的改进算法进行了仿真实验, 实验结果表明, 改进算法可以在拥有数千条业务流的大型网络运行, 并在网络吞吐率和调度成功的流数量方面有16.5%和5.5%的提升, 同时保证了算法的秒级计算时间.     

云计算环境下资源调度系统设计与实现

在云计算环境下,对开放的网络大数据库信息系统中的数据进行优化调度,提高数据资源的利用效率和配置优化能力;传统的资源调度算法采用资源信息的自相关匹配方法进行资源调度,当数据传输信道中的干扰较大及资源信息流的先验数据缺乏时,资源调度的均衡性不好,准确配准度不高;提出一种基于云计算资源负载均衡控制和信道自适应均衡的资源调度算法,并进行调度系统的软件开发和设计;首先构建了云计算环境下开放网络大数据库信息资源流的时间序列分析模型,采用自适应级联滤波算法对拟合的资源信息流进行滤波降噪预处理,提取滤波输出的资源信息流的关联维特征,通过资源负载均衡控制和信道自适应均衡算法实现资源调度改进;仿真结果表明,采用资源调度算法进行资源调度系统的软件设计,提高了资源调度的信息配准能力和抗干扰能力,计算开销较小,技术指标具有优越性。     

基于CR-LDP TLV的流量工程实现策略

为了在MPLS网络中使流量分布趋于合理，提出了一种基于CR-LDP(限制路由标记分配协议)中TLV(类型长度值)的流量工程实现策略及算法。该策略通过对网络资源属性和业务流属性的综合考虑，依据对特定业务流进行裁决的判别函数，将适于迁移的TLV结构业务流进行合理地及时迁移，从而达到提高网络资源利用率的目的。仿真结果验证了该策略及算法的正确性和有效性。     

Multimedia resource allocation strategy of wireless sensor networks using distributed heuristic algorithm in cloud computing environment

The virtualized resource allocation (mapping) algorithm is the core issue of network virtualization technology. Universal and excellent resource allocation algorithms not only provide efficient and reliable network resources sharing for systems and users, but also simplify the complexity of resource scheduling and management, improve the utilization of basic resources, balance network load and optimize network performance. Based on the application of wireless sensor network, this paper proposes a wireless sensor network architecture based on cloud computing. The WSN hardware resources are mapped into resources in cloud computing through virtualization technology, and the resource allocation strategy of the network architecture is proposed. The experiment evaluates the performance of the resource allocation strategy. The proposed heuristic algorithm is a distributed algorithm. The complexity of centralized algorithms is high, distributed algorithms can handle problems in parallel, and reduce the time required to get a good solution with limited traffic.

     

云计算环境下动态资源碎片管理机制

针对云计算环境下用户所需资源与服务资源规格不完全相符以及在资源预留过程中完整资源被切割而产生的资源碎片问题,提出一种云环境下考虑碎片资源重利用的动态资源管理策略。研究了云计算环境下资源碎片的形成原因,构建了碎片资源池,制定了任务对碎片资源接收的度量标准,在充分考虑当前任务对资源查找、调度、匹配的同时,进一步讨论了任务调度对资源的分割情况,进而指出资源碎片对后续任务接收能力的影响,搭建了云计算环境下动态资源碎片调度模型。理论分析和Cloudsim仿真实验证明,该资源管理策略能有效实现碎片资源的优化重组,提高了资源对后续任务的接收能力,与此同时保证了较高的资源利用率。     

软件定义网络架构下基于流调度代价的数据中心网络拥塞控制路由算法

针对传统数据中心网络极易发生拥塞的问题,提出了在软件定义网络（SDN）的架构下设计基于流调度代价的拥塞控制路由算法加以解决。首先,进行拥塞链路上的大小流区分,并对所有大流的各条等价路径进行路径开销权重的计算,选择权重最小的路径作为可用调度路径;然后,使用调度后路径开销变化量和流占用带宽比例来共同定义流调度代价;最终选择调度代价最小的流进行调度。仿真结果表明,所提算法能在网络发生拥塞时降低了拥塞链路上的负荷,并且与仅进行流路径选择的拥塞控制算法相比,提高了链路利用率,减少了流传输时间,使得网络链路资源得到更好的利用。     

Patient flow modelling and performance analysis of healthcare delivery processes in hospitals: A review and reflections

Analysis of hospital processes is essential for development of improved methods, policies and decision tools for overall performance improvement of the hospital system. Amidst the current scenario of continuously increasing healthcare costs and scarcity of resources, optimal utilization of resources without hampering the quality of care has gained importance in any country. Modelling, analysis and management of patient flows, in this context, plays a key role in performance analysis and improvement of hospital processes as appropriate modelling of patient flows may help healthcare managers make decisions related to capacity planning, resource allocation and scheduling, appointment scheduling and for making necessary changes in the process of care. The concept of patient flow and its modelling has gained much attention in healthcare management literature over past few decades. In this paper, the existing approaches pertaining to modelling of patient flows in hospital systems have been classified and critically appraised focussing on the recent advancements in order to identify future research avenues. A generic framework for patient flow modelling and performance analysis of hospital systems that may serve as a guide for the practitioners dealing with similar kinds of problems to improve healthcare delivery has also been provided.     

Kubernetes异构资源细粒度调度策略的设计与实现

在异构资源环境中高效利用计算资源是提升任务效率和集群利用率的关键。Kuberentes作为容器编排领域的首选方案,在异构资源调度场景下调度器缺少GPU细粒度信息无法满足用户自定义需求,并且CPU/GPU节点混合部署下调度器无法感知异构资源从而导致资源竞争。综合考虑异构资源在节点上的分布及其硬件状态,提出一种基于Kubernetes的CPU/GPU异构资源细粒度调度策略。利用设备插件机制收集每个节点上GPU的详细信息,并将GPU资源指标提交给调度算法。在原有CPU和内存过滤算法的基础上,增加自定义GPU信息的过滤,从而筛选出符合用户细粒度需求的节点。针对CPU/GPU节点混合部署的情况,改进调度器的打分算法,动态感知应用类型,对CPU和GPU应用分别采用负载均衡算法和最小最合适算法,保证异构资源调度策略对不同类型应用的正确调度,并且在CPU资源不足的情况下充分利用GPU节点的碎片资源。通过对GPU细粒度调度和CPU/GPU节点混合部署情况下的调度效果进行实验验证,结果表明该策略能够有效进行GPU调度并且避免资源竞争。     

Scalable services via egress admission control

Allocating resources for multimedia traffic flows with real-time performance requirements is an important challenge for future packet networks. However, in large-scale networks, individually managing each traffic flow on each of its traversed routers has fundamental scalability limitations, in both the control plane's requirements for signaling, state management, and admission control, and the data plane's requirements for per-flow scheduling mechanisms. In this paper, we develop a scalable architecture and algorithm for quality-of-service management termed egress admission control. In our approach, resource management and admission control are performed only at egress routers, without any coordination among backbone nodes or per-flow management. Our key technique is to develop a framework for admission control under a general “black box” model, which allows for cross traffic that cannot be directly measured, and scheduling policies that may be ill-described across many network nodes. By monitoring and controlling egress routers' class-based arrival and service envelopes, we show how network services can be provisioned via scalable control at the network edge. We illustrate the performance of our approach with a set of simulation experiments using highly bursty traffic flows and find that despite our use of distributed admission control, our approach is able to accurately control the system's admissible region under a wide range of conditions     

GCSS: a global collaborative scheduling strategy for wide-area high-performance computing

Wide-area high-performance computing is widely used for large-scale parallel computing applications owing to its high computing and storage resources. However, the geographical distribution of computing and storage resources makes efficient task distribution and data placement more challenging. To achieve a higher system performance, this study proposes a two-level global collaborative scheduling strategy for wide-area high-performance computing environments. The collaborative scheduling strategy integrates lightweight solution selection, redundant data placement and task stealing mechanisms, optimizing task distribution and data placement to achieve efficient computing in wide-area environments. The experimental results indicate that compared with the state-of-the-art collaborative scheduling algorithm HPS+, the proposed scheduling strategy reduces the makespan by 23.24%, improves computing and storage resource utilization by 8.28% and 21.73% respectively, and achieves similar global data migration costs.     

A novel index system describing program runtime characteristics for workload consolidation

Workload consolidation is a common method to improve the resource utilization in clusters or data centers. In order to achieve efficient workload consolidation, the runtime characteristics of a program should be taken into consideration in scheduling. In this paper, we propose a novel index system for efficiently describing the program runtime characteristics. With the help of this index system, programs can be classified by the following runtime characteristics: 1) dependence to multi-dimensional resources including CPU, disk I/O, memory and network I/O; and 2) impact and vulnerability to resource sharing embodied by resource usage and resource sensitivity. In order to verify the effectiveness of this novel index system in workload consolidation, a scheduling strategy, Sche-index, using the new index system for workload consolidation is proposed. Experiment results show that compared with traditional least-loaded scheduling strategy, Sche-index can improve both program performance and system resource utilization significantly.     

Ad hoc网络中资源管理的研究

从资源管理在Ad hoc网络中的重要性出发,提出了一种分层式Ad hoc网络资源管理模型,该模型包括信息层、调度层和服务层,分别用来实现资源管理中的不同功能,并设计了一个资源调度模型,基于此调度模型可以实现资源申请、分析、检索、协调执行的一体化管理,同时给出了一种以资源应用服务为主、兼顾资源预留服务的资源调度的优化算法.     

基于Kubernetes的AI调度引擎平台

文中介绍了基于Kubernetes的AI调度引擎平台的设计与实现, 针对当前人工智能调度系统中存在的服务配置复杂, 集群中各节点计算资源利用率不均衡以及系统运维成本高等问题, 本文提出了基于Kubernetes实现容器调度和服务管理的解决方案. 结合AI调度引擎平台的需求, 从功能实现和平台架构等方面设计该平台的各个模块. 同时, 针对Kubernetes无法感知GPU资源的问题, 引入device plugin收集集群中每个节点上的GPU信息并上报给调度器. 此外, 针对Kubernetes调度策略中优选算法只考虑节点本身的资源使用率和均衡度, 未考虑不同类型的应用对节点资源的需求差异, 提出了基于皮尔逊相关系数 (Pearson correlation coefficient, PCC)的优选算法, 通过计算容器资源需求量与节点资源使用率的互补度来决定Pod的调度, 从而保证调度完成后各节点的资源均衡性.     

基于SDN网络构架的网络动态优化研究

针对动态网络优化依赖虚拟机在线迁移技术的问题,利用新型的网络架构SDN很好地实现了对网络设备的灵活管理和配置,达到数据中心虚拟化管理,且使得数据中心在资源优化,差错容忍和负载均衡方面具有很好的灵活性。同时,提出了一种基于QoS流机制的多路径虚拟机迁移策略(QMA),该机制通过对网络动态传输的虚拟机迁移资源划分为不同的QoS流,然后对每一个流选择有效的转发路径进行迁移,从而提高虚拟机整体迁移性能,最终达到对网络资源动态优化管理。     

Neural network‐based multi‐agent approach for scheduling in distributed systems

A distributed system consists of a collection of autonomous heterogeneous resources that provide resource sharing and a common platform for running parallel compute‐intensive applications. The different application characteristics combined with the heterogeneity and performance variations of the distributed system make it difficult to find the optimal set of needed resources. When deployed, user applications are usually handled by application domain experts or system administrators who depending on the infrastructure provide a scheduling strategy for selecting the best candidate resource over a set of available resources. However, the provided strategy is usually generic, aimed at handling a wide array of applications and does not take into consideration specific application resource requirements. As such, an intelligent method for selecting the best resources based on expert knowledge is needed. In this paper, we propose a neural network‐based multi‐agent resource selection technique capable of mimicking the services of an expert user. In addition, to cope with the geographical distribution of the underlying system, we employ a multi‐agent coordination mechanism. The proposed neural network‐based scheduling framework combined with the multi‐agent intelligence is a unique approach to efficiently deal with the resource selection problem. Results run on a simulated environment show the efficiency of our proposed method. Several scheduling simulations were conducted to compare the performance of some conventional resource selection methods against the proposed agent‐based neural network technique. The results obtained indicate that the agent‐based approach outperformed the classical algorithms by reducing the amount of time required to search for suitable resources irrespective of the resource size. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Docker Swarm集群的调度策略优化算法

Swarm是一种对集群中Docker镜像和容器进行管理的工具,其在计算节点权值时可能会得到若干个相同权值的节点.现有的Swarm调度策略只是将这些节点随机分配,由于相同权值节点的资源负载情况并不相同,所以将会造成节点负载不均衡.针对上述问题,本文提出一种动态调度算法对Swarm调度策略进行优化.通过实验,证明增加动态调度算法能够使集群中节点负载更加均衡,同时提高集群的整体资源利用率.     

Openflow Based Dynamic Flow Scheduling with Multipath for Data Center Networks

The routing mechanism in Data Center networks can affect network performance and latency significantly. Hash-based method, such as ECMP (Equal-Cost Multi-Path), has been widely used in Data Center networks to fulfill the requirement of load balance. However, ECMP statically maps one flow to a path by a hash method, which results in some paths overloaded while others remain underutilized. Some dynamic flow scheduling schemes choose the most underutilized link as the next hop to better utilize the network bandwidth, while these schemes lacks of utilizing the global state of the network. To achieve high bandwidth utilization and low latency, we present a dynamic flow scheduling mechanism based on OpenFlow protocol which enables monitoring the global network information by a centralized controller. Depending on the network statistics obtained by the OpenFlow controller, the routing algorithm chooses the best path for the flow. Because there are two kinds of flows in a Data Center, short-lived flows and long-lived flows, we proposed two different algorithms for them. The implementation uses pox as OpenFlow controller and mininet as the network emulator. The evaluation results demonstrate that our dynamic flow scheduling algorithm is effective and can achieve high link utilization.     

A novel resource scheduling algorithm for QoS-aware services on the Internet

The popularity and availability of Internet connection has opened up the opportunity for network-centric collaborative work that was impossible a few years ago. Contending traffic flows in this collaborative scenario share different kinds of resources such as network links, buffers, and router CPU. The goal should hence be overall fairness in the allocation of multiple resources rather than a specific resource. In this paper, firstly, we present a novel QoS-aware resource scheduling algorithm called Weighted Composite Bandwidth and CPU Scheduler (WCBCS), which jointly allocates the fair share of the link bandwidth as well as processing resource to all competing flows. WCBCS also uses a simple and adaptive online prediction scheme for reliably estimating the processing times of the incoming data packets. Secondly, we present some analytical results, extensive NS-2 simulation work, and experimental results from our implementation on Intel IXP2400 network processor. The simulation and implementation results show that our low complexity scheduling algorithm can efficiently maximise the CPU and bandwidth utilisation while maintaining guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) for each individual flow.     

柔性车间生产排产调度优化方法

为满足柔性制造企业在车间生产中合理安排生产排产调度的需要,提出柔性车间生产排产调度优化方法。首先,通过分析车间生产排产问题的特点,制定满足车间应用需求和各种资源限制的生产排产总体流程,从而设计基于约束条件的生产对象关系模型;其次,提出一种动态策略差分进化算法,根据个体之间的拥挤度动态选择变异策略,设计基于工序位置的编解码方案,其能快速有效地进行求解,从而得到最佳调度方案,提高设备运行效率,实现资源利用的最大化;最后,通过6个标准测试函数、FT6-6测试问题及生产调度应用实例验证了算法的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的Kubernetes资源调度算法

Kubernetes在优选阶段仅根据节点CPU和内存的利用率来决定节点的分值,这只能保证单节点的资源利用率,无法保证集群资源的负载均衡.针对该问题,提出一种基于遗传算法的Kubernetes资源调度算法,该算法加入了网络带宽和磁盘IO两项评价指标,同时为评价指标赋予不同权重值,并且引入校验字典校验并修复遗传算法生成的新种群中不符合配置的个体.实验结果表明,与Kubernetes默认资源调度策略相比,该算法考虑了集群中的所有节点的资源利用率,在保证集群负载均衡方面有着更好的效果.