A laser Doppler tomography method for investigating volume recording media

A laser Doppler tomography method is proposed for investigating scattering noises, shrinkage, modulation amplitudes of refractive index and absorption coefficient, and other characteristics of volume or thick recording media. The method is based on acoustooptical scanning of a test volume grating recorded earlier in the medium and on layer-by-layer collinear heterodyne detection of the scattered field. The optoelectronic scheme of the system intended for experimental validation of the method is considered. Formulas for estimating the spatial resolution of the method, the optimal test grating period, the maximal number of detected layers are obtained. Their dependence on the optical system grating parameters is shown. An example is reconstructed values of the amplitude and phase of scattered light in deep layers of a volume grating written in a photopolymer 130 µm thick.     

Evaluation of the maximum speed of layer-by-layer heterodyne analysis of light scattering characteristics in volume optical media

A method of layer-by-layer heterodyne analysis of volume optical media is described. The results of a theoretical evaluation, computer modeling, and experimental investigation of the dependence of the maximum speed of the analysis on the parameters of the optical circuit and medium are given. The effect of the analysis speed on the resolution of the method along the thickness of the optical medium and on the pattern of the dependence of the output signal on the depth of the studied layer is evaluated. A method for increasing the maximum scanning speed is proposed. The obtained results are confirmed experimentally..     

激光外差干涉的非线性误差补偿

为了补偿用激光外差干涉法进行纳米测量产生的非线性误差,进行了非线性误差补偿的实验研究。根据镀膜实体角锥棱镜反射光的偏振特性,推导出当激光器出射光束存在偏振椭圆化时,测量角锥棱镜以运动方向为轴线的轴向旋转对非线性误差一次谐波的影响模型。分析表明,测量角锥棱镜以其运动方向为轴线的轴向旋转会减小非线性误差一次谐波。实验显示,当测量角锥棱镜轴向旋转角从0°增加到100°时,非线性误差从3.48 nm减小到1.39 nm,实现了非线性误差一次谐波减小为原来的40%。该方法避免了现有的非线性误差补偿方法光路系统和电路系统复杂的缺点,系统实现很简单。     

Tribological issues in perpendicular recording media

As the hard disk drive industry is transitioning from longitudinal (LMR) to perpendicular (PMR) recording, a new set of reliability challenges had to be overcome. In particular, the magnetic media structure, which relies on well-segregated grains of 6–10 nm diameter, can exhibit a rough structure, with peak-to-mean amplitude of 3–6 nm. In this paper, we will discuss how this topography could affect the overall reliability of the head–disk interface. In the first part, we will illustrate the loss of adequate coverage from the overcoat on PMR media, compared to the smoother LMR media, and we will attempt to quantify the topography in terms of its deviation from a Gaussian height distribution. Particular emphasis will be given to surface outliers and their removal during the burnishing process. The second part will be devoted to the lubricant preferential migration to the grain boundaries, driven by surface tension. It will be shown by an EELS line scan that the lubricant film is indeed thicker in the valleys between the grains, in agreement with surface tension driven redistribution. Finally, we will demonstrate that the Touchdown Height (TDH) of a PMR disk is ∼0.5 nm higher than its LMR counterpart, owing to its enhanced nano-roughness. Once recognized, these challenges can be overcome through a careful and thorough optimization of the various processing parameters, eventually leading to an overall reliability level equal or better than LMR media.     

A study of microstructures and mechanical properties of laser welded joint in GH3030 alloy

In this paper, we represent experimental laser welding of GH3030 alloy. The microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded joints were investigated using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy diffraction spectrum and other methodologies. The results demonstrated that the weld primarily involved slender dendrites together with a small number of equiaxial crystals. The occurrence of porosities was mainly associated with the composition of the material itself. The cracks in the HAZ were induced by lowmelting- point eutectic phases that formed during laser welding. The segregation of the alloying elements in the matrix induced the variation of the performance within the joint. The average strength of welded joints was 646 MPa, 97.6 % of that of the base metal. Formation of inclusions and micropores in the fusion zone weakened the joint strength greatly.     

Improvement and validity of shock measurements using heterodyne laser interferometer

The improvement and validity of shock measurements using only the laser head (heterodyne laser interferometer) of a commercial laser Doppler vibrometer was investigated by comparing acceleration waveforms measured by a homodyne laser interferometer with those measured by a heterodyne laser interferometer. The acceleration waveforms were generated from the displacement waveforms obtained with a reference quadrature homodyne laser interferometer by applying a numeric differentiation process twice. The differences between the two acceleration waveforms were found to be small with the measurement uncertainty in case of high acceleration level. In a further investigation, the accuracy of the shock measurements taken by the homodyne and heterodyne laser interferometers were compared in computational simulation. The results indicated that the accuracy of the heterodyne laser interferometer was superior to that of the homodyne laser interferometer.     

磨削粗糙度在线检测方法的实验研究

本文对基于摩擦声发射信号的磨削粗糙度在线检测方法进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，采用声发射传感器探头与磨削表面摩擦产生的声发射信号的特征可以对磨削表面粗糙度进行评价，建立了摩擦声发射信号特征与磨削表面粗糙度之间的对应关系，并通过实验对该方法的可行性进行了实测。结果表明，探针与工件表面摩擦声发射信号的FFT和RMS特征与磨削粗糙度有很好的对应关系，可用于磨削表面粗糙度的在线检测。     

激光外差干涉中声光器件的非均匀声场特性

针对声光晶体内部的声波反射使晶体内声场分布不均匀,影响衍射效率和衍射光场分布,降低激光外差干涉效率的现象,以不改变声光设备为前提提出了光切趾方法.以TeO2晶体为基底,理论分析声光器件的声场分布、体光栅衬度及其对衍射光效率的影响.提出非均匀光栅衬度模型,并利用光切趾法控制空间声场非均匀分布.通过理论仿真结合实验测量,证...     

激光外差探测对振动目标多普勒频谱成像

提出了采用激光外差技术探测振动目标,获取目标多普勒频谱图像,实现目标轮廓识别的方法。基于相位变化给出了目标振动形成外差信号的光电流模型;用扫描振镜控制激光光束方向实现对目标点扫描;通过振镜驱动电压触发数据采集卡,实现扫描与采集同步。利用频谱展宽占有比例的信号处理方式处理振动目标形成的多普勒频谱,简化了数据处理方式,有效消除了单个峰值噪声对信号的影响。实验中以5 MHz采样率测得两个目标在不同位置的特征频谱,得到了它的频谱展宽占有比例曲线;选取不同频谱展宽占有比例形成多普勒频谱图像,指出频谱展宽占有比例在0.7到0.9时能够形成良好的振动图像。文中结果证实了利用频谱展宽占有比例的数据处理方式探测振动目标是有效的,利用外差技术获取振动频谱图像是可行的。     

Micro laser welding of polymer microstructures using low power laser diodes

The use of laser welding for joining micro parts has experienced a substantial increase in popularity during recent years. Specifically translucent microfluidic devices are assembled using laser welding; however, a major issue is the laser beam size of commercially available laser-welding equipment and thus the resulting welding seam size, which may be orders of magnitude larger than microfluidic channels and structures. We have successfully achieved extremely small welding seams using focussed low-power laser diodes. Commercial laser welding stations for polymer assembly will typically operate in the power-region 15–50 Watts. The focussed laser beam will have a size of typically 500 μm × 500 μm and may, depending on optical configuration, be up to several mm². The resulting welding-seam will thus be in the area of 300–600 μm depending on beam energy distribution; additionally the melt will spread to unheated areas due to capillary forces. As microfluidic channels are in 20–100 μm regions, even a very limited amount of stray melt may completely fill a part of a channel and thus render it useless. We have used commercially available “single-die” laser-diodes of optical power 200–500 mW. The beam has been focussed and directed using simple optical installations, resulting in a beam-size in the area of 50 μm × 5 μm full width half maximum (FWHM) We have achieved firm welding seams of width <10 μm, with a welding speed of 15 mm/s and with virtually no noticeable spread of melt.     

用激光外差技术高精度测量目标速度

搭建了外差探测实验平台,分别选用漫反射目标及类简谐运动模型作匀转速运动及变速运动的测量目标,应用激光外差探测技术实现了对匀转速运动及变速运动物体的速度测量.在匀转速测量过程中,同时采用外差探测法和振幅调制法测量了漫反射目标正负两个方向转动的速度,共得到133组不同的转速结果.通过调整实验系统,亦实现了对类简谐运动目标的...     

双光子三维微结构快速制备技术

建立了一种利用双光子聚合技术快速制备三维微结构的方法,并对加工分辨率进行了研究。通过对高速扫描原理的研究,提出了采用二维振镜与一维压电微移动台相结合,利用跳跃和扫描协同的运动模式,以段段扫描方式进行三维微结构加工的系统来提高其加工速度。实验制备千里马和具有木堆结构的三维光子晶体结构说明,采用上述扫描方式可使其加工速度较点点扫描方式提高10倍至1 000倍。实验结果表明,使用一定的激光功率时,其加工分辨率随曝光时间减小而显著提高,实验得到了50 nm的线宽分辨率,超过文献报道的100 nm的最高值。研究还表明,上述加工方法可实现激光三维微结构的快速制备并具有高分辨率加工的特点。     

Validation of a single fibre-fed heterodyne laser interferometer with nanometre uncertainty

In this paper the validation of a fiber-fed heterodyne laser interferometer with nanometre uncertainty is presented. The achievable displacement measurement uncertainty is investigated for different polarisation maintaining fibres used in these interferometers. Measurement results are shown for both a range of m as well as a range of 300 mm. It is shown that a (selected) PM-fibre with an extinction ratio of 1:1650 and the use of an external reference allows realising a fibre-fed laser interferometer able to measure displacements with the same uncertainty as a laser interferometer system without fibre. Tests were performed with fibres ranging in length up to 50 m.     

激光冲击强化对TiAl合金组织和性能的影响

为研究激光冲击强化对TiAl合金组织和性能的影响,利用波长为1 064nm、脉宽为20ns、单脉冲能量为0～22J的Nd:YAG激光器对TiAl合金试件进行了实验研究。采用显微硬度计、表面粗糙度仪和扫描电镜分别测量了激光冲击强化前后的表面显微硬度、粗糙度和表面微观形貌,利用X射线应力分析仪测量了激光冲击强化表面残余应力和晶面极性,并分析了其高温稳定性。实验结果表明:当单脉冲能量增加到9J时,表面显微硬度增加了33.4%,粗糙度由0.042μm增大到了0.285μm,表面残余压应力由20MPa增加到了297MPa,表面微观形貌出现了凸凹不平,局部纹理和层状微结构。将9J激光冲击强化后的试件在650℃下保温4h后,残余压应力值从297MPa降到230MPa,显微硬度值从377HV0.2降到345HV0.2,(002)晶面取向有向中心移回的趋势。得到的数据显示,激光冲击强化能够极大地改善TiAl合金的组织和性能,且具有一定的高温稳定性。     

激光诱导空化微孔冲裁试验研究

针对微尺度下金属箔模具冲孔存在模具挤压磨损、对中困难,激光打孔存在烧蚀、吸收层无法补偿等问题,提出通过激光诱导空泡对金属箔进行加载来实现冲裁小孔的方法。研究了不同激光焦点位置(H=0~4 mm)、激光能量(E=10.3~50.8 mJ)和铜箔厚度(T=20~70μm)对铜箔冲孔的影响,发现激光焦点位置影响明显,当铜箔变形平均深度达到147.0μm后,铜箔发生剪切断裂,可实现冲裁,并且制备的小孔边缘正表面无烧蚀、毛边、裂纹和卷边等缺陷。同时,利用高速摄影仪对激光诱导空化微孔冲裁过程进行研究,结果表明激光诱导空化微孔冲裁过程是激光等离子体冲击波、空泡溃灭冲击波和微射流共同加载的过程。     

Interfacial interactions of perfluoropolyether lubricants with magnetic recording media

Perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) are low surface tension liquids that are commonly employed in magnetic recording devices (hard-disk drives)as disk lubricants. In current drives, a single monolayer (or less) of a PFPE is applied to the amorphous carbon overcoat of the hard disk to provide the necessary lubrication of the head-disk-interface. The focus of the current paper is to demonstrate the utility of surface energy measurements in extracting information on the PFPE lubricant-carbon interfacial interactions. In particular, surface energies are reported as a function of applied lubricant thickness in the range of 2--30 Å for three Fomblin Zlubricants, i.e., ZDOL, ZDIAC, Z-15; and two Demnum lubricants,i.e. Demnum SA and SP. We show that from the surface energy measurements one can: (a) determine the extent of lubricant coverage of the carbon surface, (b) determine the orientation of the lubricant with respect to the carbon surface, (c) determine the nature of the lubricant-carbon interaction, e.g. attractivevs. repulsive, and (d) obtain an estimate of the interaction strength between the lubricant and the carbon.     

基于飞秒激光的可运动微结构加工与旋转驱动

微驱动技术由于驱动方式的多样性和应用的广泛性,在近年来受到了越来越多的关注。本文提出一种利用飞秒激光同时实现微结构加工和旋转驱动的技术。利用双光子聚合加工直径20~30μm的微转子结构,然后结合空间光调制器调制出带有光学轨道角动量的光场,实现对微转子结构的旋转驱动,并获得了40 r/s的转动速率。详细介绍了利用飞秒激光直写技术加工可运动微转子结构的实验过程与优化参数,利用空间光调制器生成了不同拓扑荷的涡旋光,研究了其传播与聚焦特性,并用于驱动转子的顺、逆时针旋转运动。这种可控光学驱动技术在微流控、光镊技术、靶向药物运输、细胞动态行为等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

激光切割中的焦点位置检测方法研究

激光焦点位置检测与跟踪技术是激光加工的关键技术之一、本文讨论了激光切割 加工系统中焦点位置误差的产生和常用的两种检测系统的组成原理及其使用中的优缺点,分析了切割过程中等离子云对电容传感器的干扰机理,进而提出了两种有效的解决方法。     

激光熔覆合金表面耐磨性试验研究

使用CO2激光器对45#钢表面进行Co基和Ni基合金熔覆处理。利用销盘式摩擦试验机对激光熔覆表面进行摩擦磨损试验,研究干摩擦和润滑条件下磨损机理。Ni合金熔覆层比Co基耐磨性要好。润滑条件下,两种合金的耐磨性比干摩擦都得到很大提高。