改性纳米SiO2填充PLA/PBAT复合体系的 结晶动力学研究

利用Avrami方程,研究PLA及PLA/PBAT/SiO_2复合材料的等温结晶动力学,研究结果表明:PLA及其共混物的Avrami指数n值分别为2.06~2.29和1.91~3.05;样品的结晶常数K(T)、半结晶时间t_(1/2)和结晶速率τ_(1/2)均随结晶温度的升高先增大后减小;在相同的结晶温度条件下,PLA/PBAT/SiO_2样品的K(T)和t_(1/2)均高于纯PLA的。采用改进的Avrami方程,分析PLA及PLA/PBAT/SiO_2复合材料样品的非等温结晶过程。研究结果表明:PLA及其共混物的Avrami指数n_1数值范围为1.31~4.88,表明晶体生长模式均为二维生长和三维生长并存;所有样品的n_1均随着升温速率的增大而增大,且n_1均小于n2,Z_(c1)和Z_(c2)也随升温速率的增大而增大。基于Mo方程分析结果与基于改进的Avrami方程分析结果一致,进一步证实了纳米SiO_2的引入提高了PLA的结晶速率;且PLA/PBAT/SiO_2样品的结晶活化能ΔE均大于纯PLA的,说明PBAT及SiO_2的引入阻碍了PLA主链的链段向晶体生长表面的迁移过程。     

动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物的等温结晶动力学

分别用Avrami方程和Hoffman结晶理论研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)增容的动态固化聚丙烯(PP)/环氧树脂(EP)共混物中PP等温结晶动力学。实验结果表明,动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物中环氧颗粒可作为PP的成核剂,能显著促进PP的结晶。根据Avrami方程,动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物中PP的结晶速率常数K(T)明显大于纯PP的K(T)。依据Hoffman理论研究动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物结晶热动力学,动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物折叠链表面自由能(σe)明显小于PP折叠链表面自由能(σe)。     

热致液晶聚酰胺/尼龙66分子复合材料的结晶行为及其相容性研究

用共溶剂法制备了热致液晶聚酰胺/尼龙66分子复合材料.用DSC,WAXD和FTIR对复合材料的结晶行为和相容性进行了综合研究.DSC研究结果显示,不同组成共混物的熔点和结晶温度均发生明显下降,结晶速率和结晶度随液晶含量增加而下降,当液晶含量达到50%(质量分数)时,共混物出现超分子液晶态,体系具有明显的相容特征.WAXD结果显示,面间距随液晶聚酰胺含量增加而增加,说明液晶加入了尼龙66的结晶过程.FTIR结果显示,聚酰胺液晶与尼龙66分子间存在氢键作用,并且参与形成氢键作用官能团的比例随液晶含量的增加而增加.     

用DSC研究聚丙烯共混物中的成核作用

本文用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了等规聚丙烯(IPP)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、IPP/尼龙6、IPP/SBS、IPP/ABS、IPP/高密度聚乙烯(PE)和IPP/聚苯乙烯(PS)六种共混物中高聚物对IPP过冷结晶温度的影响。结果说明,在IPP/尼龙6和IPP/PET中,尼龙6和PET起着成核剂的作用,分别使共混物中的过冷结晶温度提高6K左右。本文还研究了在不同降温速率和不同熔体温度下,PET和尼龙6对IPP的成核作用,同时还说明了第二种高聚物对IPP的成核作用与其表面张力极性分量有关。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚酰胺嵌段共聚物/聚酰胺6共混物的流变性能

通过熔融共混挤出的方法,制备了不同共聚比例的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚酰胺嵌段共聚物(PET-PA)与聚酰胺6(PA6)的共混物,采用毛细管流变仪对PET-PA/PA6共混物的流变性能进行了研究。结果表明,PET-PA/PA6共混物熔体为剪切变稀的非牛顿流体。随温度升高,PET-PA/PA6共混物熔体的表观黏度下降,非牛顿指数增大,表观黏度对剪切速率的敏感性减小,因此升高温度能改善共混物熔体的流动性能。随PET-PA中PA共聚比例的增加,PET-PA/PA6共混物的黏度减小,非牛顿指数增大,这为开发酸性染料可染聚酯纤维提供了参考。     

聚己内酰胺/醋酸纤维素合金膜材料的制备及性能表征

采用溶液共混和液-固相转变法制备聚己内酰胺/醋酸纤维素的共混物(PA-6/CA)作为高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱填料。以小分子量化合物为探针分子,用HPLC法测定其界面性能,并研究其共混物的相容性、热稳定性。实验结果表明,PA-6与CA有很好的相容性,且PA-6/CA的热稳定性比纯CA有所提高;PA-6/CA(50∶50)合金膜材料对不离解极性有机物分离效果最佳,适合作脱盐膜材料;CA可有效改善PA-6的亲水性。     

PA66/PA6I6T共混物非等温结晶动力学及性能

将PA66与PA6I6T以不同配比进行熔融共混,通过差示扫描量热分析对所制备的尼龙66 (PA66)与半芳香尼龙(PA6I6T)共混物在不同降温速率下的非等温结晶行为进行了研究。利用Jeziorny法及Mo方法对共混物的非等温结晶动力学数据进行了分析,并采用Kissinger方法计算了共混体系的结晶活化能;考察了PA6I6T含量对共混物力学性能、耐热性及加工流动性的影响。研究发现,PA66与PA6I6T具有良好的相容性,少量的PA6I6T会促进PA66的结晶,随着PA6I6T含量的进一步增加,PA66的结晶速率及结晶度呈下降趋势,PA66的结晶活化能的绝对值随PA6I6T含量的增加表现为先增大后减小。共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度随PA6I6T含量的增加而增加,其中拉伸强度在PA6I6T达到一定含量后趋于平缓。PA6I6T的引入提高了共混物的耐热性和热稳定性,但加工流动性较纯PA66材料有一定程度降低。     

间规聚苯乙烯/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(sPS/HIPS)共混物非等温结晶的晶型与熔融行为

本文采用熔融挤出共混法制备了间规聚苯乙烯/高抗冲聚苯乙烯（sPS/HIPS）共混物,并用差示扫描量热仪和X射线衍射仪研究了sPS及其共混物在不同的熔融温度和降温速率下的非等温结晶的晶型与熔融行为.研究结果表明,熔融温度的提高使sPS及其共混物的结晶温度降低,并有利于β晶的形成.sPS的晶型取决于sPS降温结晶的温度.HIPS的加入使sPS降温结晶的温度提高时,有利于形成α晶;反之有利于形成β晶.降温速率提高有利于形成α晶.     

PBT/BA-MMA-AA三元共聚物共混物的结晶行为和结晶动力学

考察了聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)／“壳-棱”型丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸三元共聚物(BA-MMA-AA)共混物的熔融和结晶行为。研究显示，BA-MMA-AA含量较低时，BA-MMA-AA中羧基对PBT分子链的干扰导致了共混物中PBT的熔点和结晶度下降；随BA-MMA一从含量的提高，其异相成棱作用导致PBT的成棱速率和结晶速率提高，从而提高了共混物中PBT的熔点和结晶度．采用Avrami方程分析了试共混物的等温结晶动力学参数，发现共混物的结晶速率常数K显著变小，最大结晶速率时间tmax和半结晶时间t1/2均变短，表明加入BA-MMA-AA使PBT的成棱速率和结晶速率得到提高。     

母料中弹性体不同配比对HDPE/E-TMB共混物热性能及结晶形态的影响

用自制增韧母料(E-TM B)与HDPE热机械共混制得HDPE/E-TM B共混物。通过DSC分析仪和偏光显微镜研究了共混物的熔融、结晶行为和结晶形态,并将其结晶形态与简单共混对照样加以对比研究。结果表明,和纯HDPE相比,共混物的熔点降低、结晶温度升高,成核速率和结晶速率增大;随母料中乙丙弹性体含量的增加,共混物的熔点逐渐降低、结晶温度逐渐升高,结晶细化程度增大、数目增多;共混物的结晶比原料HDPE及简单共混对照样都显著细化。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.