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引言 目前,河南省既有居住建筑95%以上为高能耗建筑,大多数达小到节能标准要求,亟需改造.在建筑物的总传热耗热量中,约70%~80%的热量是通过围护结构损失的,因而改善围护结构的热工性能、提高其对保温节能的贡献率应为既有居住建筑节能改造的重点.本文拟以郑州地区的既有居住建筑围护结构节能改造为例进行探讨,并借助DEST软件进行节能改造的能耗模拟分析. 相似文献
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文章针对上海市既有住宅中的大模板高层住宅围护结构节糖改造,通过调研、建筑围护结构保温性能检测和改造工程实例分析,提出既有住宅围护结构节能改造的重点与意见,为既有住宅的节能改造工作提供示范和改造设计依据。 相似文献
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关于住宅建筑节能问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国的能源短缺问题严重。我们的住宅建筑应具备节能功能。住宅建筑的节能主要包括三个方面:住宅建筑外围护结构的节能。室内配套设施的节能、运行管理的节能。l外围护结构的节能外围护结构的保温性能直接影响了建筑物的能耗水平,保温越好,建筑物的能耗就越低,建筑就越节能。为了满足节能的要求,在外围护结构设计时,既要满足(民用建筑热工设计规范)(以下简称(规范》的基本保温要求——围护结构材料热阻要大于最小传热热阻,又要满足(民用建筑节能设计标准)(以下简称(标准》的要求——围护结构的传热系数不宜超过当地的规定值… 相似文献
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ECOTECT能耗模拟下既有住宅建筑围护结构节能改造的热环境分析研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前,既有住宅建筑节能改造主要有围护结构改造和供热计量改造两方面。围护结构节能改造主要包括:外墙节能改造、外窗节能改造、屋面节能改造等技术措施的研究;建筑物围护结构节能改造除了能够降低建筑能耗之外,对建筑物室内热环境也有很大影响。采用ECOTECT能耗模拟软件,对西安市某住宅建筑围护结构不同节能改造方案的热环境进行模拟,深入分析不同节能改造方案的能源消耗、不舒适度、围护结构得热、温度分布和热舒适度情况,以热舒适为前提、节能为目的选择最优的节能改造方案。为既有住宅建筑节能改造方案优选提供依据。 相似文献
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建筑节能应该包括围护结构节能和系统节能两大领域。围护结构节能是指改善围护结构的性能,减少能源的消耗,使得供给建筑物的能源在建筑物内部有效利用,而不是通过建筑物的围护结构损失掉;系统节能是指向建筑物供给能源的系统,在能源供给的过程中提高效率,而不是在能源的转换或输送的过程中将能源损失掉。实现围护结构的节能就要改善墙体、屋面、地面、门窗的保温隔热性能,门窗墙体防渗风性能等等;包括设计、施工及管理等等各个方面。实现系统节能就要改善供热系统、空调系统以及其他向建筑供给能量系统的性能,提高设计、施工安装水… 相似文献
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阐述了既有建筑围护结构节能改造的必要性,并以围护结构节能改造中的外墙、外门窗、屋顶及阳台、楼梯等为对象,对既有建筑围护结构节能改造的相关措施进行了分析,以使建筑物取得良好的节能效果。 相似文献
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概述了西安地区既有建筑的能耗现状和相关政策法规,结合西安地区气候特点,提出了对西安地区既有建筑节能改造的要点和措施,重点分析了外围护结构、空调系统、照明系统的改造以及绿色能源的利用情况,为西安地区既有建筑节能改造提供了科学依据和技术参考。 相似文献
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Data on actual energy use were compiled for 223 retrofitted U.S. commercial buildings and analyzed for several quantities of interest: average savings, average retrofit cost, correlation between cost and savings, type of retrofit attempted, etc. Dominant building types were schools and offices; nearly all buildings included operations and maintenance changes as part of the retrofit. Eight-nine per cent. of the buildings which saved energy by retrofitting achieved a payback (simple) in less than 3 years. Nine per cent. of the buildings failed to save (generally because of improper maintenance), indicating there is some risk in conservation investment. Average savings for the entire sample were 20 per cent., at an average cost of $0.62 per square foot. On a more limited subsample, energy savings predictions made by the auditors prior to retrofit were compared with actual energy savings. About 60 per cent. of the time, actual savings exceeded predictions. Data were available on 15 buildings for savings achieved over a number of years following the retrofit; in most cases the savings persisted, and even increased. 相似文献
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近年来,夏热冬暖地区的建筑节能研究多集中在住宅建筑和办公建筑,而对单位建筑面积能耗最高的大型商业建筑研究较少。且现有的对商业建筑的节能研究多集中在空调系统,对围护结构的研究基本停留在定性分析的层面。为了更好地了解夏热冬暖地区商业建筑节能设计中围护结构优化设计的节能潜力和重要意义,本研究利用建筑能耗模拟软件DeST,并采用其它软件作为辅助,以广州某大型商业建筑为例,对其围护结构热工性能进行了数值模拟和分析。计算结果表明,遮阳和通风对其节能设计起到了极为重要的作用。在此基础上,对其围护结构优化设计的方向提出了建议。 相似文献
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建筑节能主要通过新建建筑节能和既有建筑节能改造来实现。现今国家对建筑节能的重视和节能规范标准的不断提高,新建建筑节能工作已取得较大进展,而大量既有建筑的高能耗问题却越来越突出。既有建筑中的公共建筑因能耗高,节能改造潜力大,一直是节能改造的重点。以夏热冬冷地区既有公共建筑为研究对象,结合宁波大学建工楼节能改造世行赠款示范项目实体案例,进行围护结构能耗分析,并在此基础上,通过措施优选,提出该地区外围护结构节能改造策略,为夏热冬冷地区同类建筑节能改造提供参考。 相似文献
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Private and public sectors own and operate an array of office buildings that consume energy and contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Energy demands can be reduced by applying energy retrofit measures (ERMs) to existing buildings. The choice of ERMs involves evaluation of applicability, energy end uses and cost of application versus energy savings. This paper describes a methodology developed to screen office buildings for their current level of energy consumption and potential for retrofit application. Selection of an optimal set of ERMs is influenced by climate, occupancy, heating and cooling systems, envelope properties and building geometry. When assessing the implications of applying ERMs to a large building stock it is vital to screen the complete building set for optimal retrofit opportunities. This can be accomplished by characterizing office building stock into a manageable set of archetypes and simulating building operation using energy simulation software. Using regression analyses, a model was developed for estimating the energy consumption. Present value analysis was used to optimize the evaluation of the various ERMs. The methodology developed can be used to simplify the ranking of buildings for retrofit; to select and combine ERMs, and to plan energy and GHG reduction activities. 相似文献
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以呼和浩特市城区老旧多层住宅建筑为研究对象,采用以EnergyPlus为计算核心的DesignBuilder软件对其在原有情况下的室内温度、热舒适度以及建筑能耗进行分析,并对不同房间、不同楼层的室内热环境进行分析。根据内蒙古地区最新居住建筑节能设计标准对研究对象进行不同部分围护结构改造。以原有建筑能耗做对比,分析不同改造措施的节能效率。分析在采用节能改造措施后的住宅室内的温度、热舒适度及能耗的改善情况,提出呼和浩特市乃至内蒙古地区老旧多层住宅的热环境及节能改造措施。 相似文献
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Charles A. Goldman 《Energy and Buildings》1985,8(2):137-155
This study summarizes measured data on energy savings from conservation retrofits in existing residential buildings. We have compiled building performance data on approximately 115 retrofit projects (almost twice the size of the initial study) that we put into four general categories: utility-sponsored conservation programs, low-income weatherization programs, research studies, and multifamily buildings. The sample size for each project varies widely, ranging from individual buildings to 33 000 homes. Retrofits to the building shell, principally insulation of exterior surfaces, window treatments, and infiltration-reduction measures, are the most popular, although data on various heating system retrofits are now available. The average retrofit investment per unit in multifamily buildings is approximately $695, far lower than the average of $1350 spent in single-family residences. The median annual space heat savings in the four categories range from 15 to 38 GJ. Savings achieved are typically 20%–30% of pre-retrofit space heating energy use although large variations are observed both in energy savings and in costs per unit of energy saved. Even given the wide range in savings, most retrofit projects are cost-effective. Approximately 75%–80% of the retrofit projects have costs of conserved energy below their respective space heating fuel or electricity prices. 相似文献
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简要介绍了既有建筑现状和改造要点,运用能耗模拟软件DesignBuilder对合肥市某办公楼建筑改造前后的全年建筑能耗进行模拟,分析各项节能措施的节能改造效果。计算和分析结果表明,经过围护结构、照明系统及空调系统综合改造后,建筑全年能耗比既有建筑能耗降低了33.38%,二氧化碳排放量大大减少。 相似文献