机械合金化合成Al—Ti系纳米过饱和固溶体

利用ＸＲＤ，ＴＥＭ，硬度试验研究了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ系的机械合金化（ＭＡ）过程．经４０ｈ球磨后，Ａｌ－１５ａｔ．－％Ｔｉ形成了Ａｌ（Ｔｉ）的过饱和固溶体，Ａｌ－１０ａｔ．－％Ｔｉ除形成Ａｌ（Ｔｉ）外，还产生了少量的ｆｃｃ结构的新相．而Ａｌ－５ａｔ．－％Ｔｉ在球磨１２０ｈ后也未能形成完全的Ａｌ（Ｔｉ），但有ｆｃｃ结构相的形成，这种特殊的固溶行为可以用溶质原子在纳米晶晶界快扩散解释     

机械合金化Al－Al_3Ti复合材料的研究进展

本文综述了机械合金化Ａｌ－Ａｌ_３Ｔｉ材料的发展现状，论述了增强体Ａｌ_３Ｔｉ的性质和机械合金化制备的Ａｌ－Ａｌ_３Ｔｉ的组织与性能。采用机械合金化制备的Ａｌ－Ａｌ_３Ｔｉ具有理想的组织。相当高的强度与塑性，良好的热强性。目前对机械合金化制备的Ａｌ－Ａｌ_３Ｔｉ的研究不够深入，还需进行大量的工作。     

TiO2／Al烧结反应生成的Al2O3／TixAly复合材料研究

采用挤压铸造法，先制备ＴｉＯ２／Ａｌ坯块，经随后高温烧结反应，可生成Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉｘＡｌｙ复合材料。ＤＴＡ分析表明ＴｉＯ２粉末与纯Ａｌ之间的反应具有放热特征。Ｘ射线衍射分析与透射电镜观察发现反应产物主要为α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３与ＴｉｘＡｌｙ。反应过程中ＴｉＯ２粉末首先被熔融态Ａｌ还原成α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３与Ｔｉ，而后Ｔｉ与Ａｌ通过扩散反应形成多种ＴｉｘＡｌｙ金属间化合物。     

TiAl合金铸态组织γ／α2层片排列取向设计

根据Ｔｉ－Ａｌ相图，通过金相观察和Ｘ射线取向分析实验研究了ＴｉＡｌ合金铸态组织中γ／α２层片取向与凝固析晶路线及析晶路线与Ｔｉ／Ａｌ比的关系。根据用弹塑性力学方法按四点弯曲载荷－位移曲线计算得出的强度和塑性评价了Ｖ、Ｃｒ合金化的ＴｉＡｌ合金γ／α２层片取向与力学性能的关系，由此设计了有利于满足叶片类部件服役条件对材料力学性能要求的铸态组织γ／α２层片排列取向。     

机械合金化过程中六方相晶格畸变特点的研究

通过分析球磨试样和球磨后退火试样的Ｘ射线衍射谱，研究了Ｔｉ，Ａｌ混合粉末机械合金化过程中六方相α－Ｔｉ和Ｔｉ３Ａｌ的晶格畸变特点。结果表明，六方相畸变特点为晶体常数减小和ｃ，ａ轴比值ｃ／ａ减小，其中α－Ｔｉ的（０１１１）面和Ｔｉ３Ａｌ的（２０２１）面原子错排最为严。讨论了位错滑移系统和空穴的引入与晶格畸变特点的联系。     

球磨时间对机械合金化Al-8Ti合金组织的影响

采用机械合金化方法制备Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金时，球磨时间影响粉体的粒度、结构和相组成，从而影响合金成型后的组织结构与性能。经过足够长时间球磨后，Ａｌ、Ｔｉ混合粉转变为单一Ａｌ（Ｔｉ）过饱和固溶体，且颗粒细小均匀；成型后可获得Ａｌ基体上弥散分布细小Ａｌ３Ｔｉ颗粒的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金。     

球磨时间对机械合金化Al—8Ti合金组织的影响

采用机械合金化方法制备Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金时，球磨时间粉体的粒度、结构和相组成，从而影响合金成型后的组织结构与性能。经过足够长时间球磨后，Ａｌ、Ｔｉ混合粉转变为单一Ａｌ（Ｔｉ）过饱和固溶体，且颗粒细小均匀；成型后可获得Ａｌ基体上弥散分布细小Ａｌ３Ｔｉ颗粒的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金。     

间隙元素对Ti—Al相图某些相变点影响的计算

根据余氏理论的平均晶胞模型及键能公式，分析了间隙元素对Ｔｉ－Ａｌ系α，β，γ（ＴｉＡｌ）相价电子结构的影响，计算了间隙元素对这些相变点温度的影响，并对一些有争议的实验结果做了解释。     

钛合金的银脆,镉脆敏感性及其控制

利用慢应变速率拉伸技术（ＳＳＲＴ），并结合恒载实验，较全面地研究了Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金的银脆行为、固态与液态镉脆行为，确定了应变速率、接触条件、热处理制度、试样取向、温度等因素对Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金银脆与镉脆敏感性的影响，探讨了Ｎｉ阻挡层对控制Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金和ＴＣ１１合金银脆开裂的作用。     

间隙元素对中间成分Ti—Al合金某些相变的影响

根据余氏理论的平均晶胞模型，分子了间隙元素对Ｔｉ－Ａｌ系中间相价电子结构的影响，讨论了间隙元素对中间成分Ｔｉ－Ａｌ合金某些相变的影响。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.