光纤与有机聚合物脊形波导的耦合损耗分析

光纤与有机聚合物脊形波导的耦合是有机聚合物波导器件封装中关键的一步,它直接影响器件的插入损耗.本文利用广角有限差分束传播法和有效折射率法对光纤与有机聚合物脊形波导的耦合损耗进行分析,得出了如下结论:1)耦合损耗随着错位、间隙、夹角的增大而增大;2)因错位而引起的耦合损耗在所有耦合损耗中占有主要位置.     

Bitapered fiber coupling characteristics between single-mode single-core fiber and single-mode multicore fiber

By splicing and tapering at the fusion point of one-core single-mode fiber and three- or four-core single-mode fiber, an effective bitapered fiber coupling technique is implemented. Based on the beam propagation method, the bitapered coupling characteristics between the one-core fiber and the multicore single-mode fiber are simulated and analyzed. The theoretical prediction is confirmed by the experimental results, and the difference between the simulation and the experimental results is also discussed.     

All fiber on-axis coupling scheme between single mode fiber and GRIN fiber

In this paper we present a simple and novel method to maximize on-axis coupling efficiency to radially symmetric fibers without the need for extra free space optical elements. The method is based on inserting a segment of step-index multimode fiber (MMF), cleaved to a particular length, between the input fiber and the output fiber (OF). The MMF segment modifies the input field to match the guided modes in the OF. Using this technique we show that, by inserting an appropriate length MMF segment, it is theoretically possible to obtain a coupling coefficient as high as ?0.8 dB between a single mode fiber and a graded index ring-shaped fiber and ?0.32 dB for a multi-shell fiber. Our experimental measurements showed good agreement with theoretical predictions for the ring fiber.     

Investigation of evanescent coupling between tapered fiber and a multimode slab waveguide

A tapered fiber-slab waveguide coupler (TFSC) is proposed in this paper. Both the numerical analysis based on the beam propagation method and experiments are used for investigating the dependencies of TFSC transmission features on their geometric parameters. From the simulations and experimental results, the rules for fabricating a TFSC with low transmission loss and sharp resonant spectra by optimizing the configuration parameters are presented. The conclusions derived from our work may provide helpful references for optimally designing and fabricating TFSC-based devices, such as sensors, wavelength filters, and intensity modulators.     

Effective nesting of rectangular parts in multiple rectangular sheets using genetic and heuristic algorithms

In this paper, a hybrid approach, employing both genetic and heuristic algorithms, is proposed for nesting of different rectangular parts in multiple rectangular sheets with the objective of utilizing the sheet material effectively. The proposed genetic approach gives the best sequence of sheets and parts to generate an effective nested pattern with a heuristic algorithm. The heuristic approach arranges each of the parts in the bottom-left-most position of the sheet(s) by considering the sequence of sheets and parts given by the genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results obtained with the present approach to those obtained by Jakobs' (1996, European Journal of Operational Research , 88 , 165-181) approach when all the parts are nested in a single sheet. Finally, the application of the current approach for nesting of rectangular parts in multiple sheets is illustrated.     

Numerical analysis of bent waveguides: bending loss, transmission loss, mode coupling, and polarization coupling

A rigorous, full-vectorial and computationally efficient finite-element-based modal solution, together with junction analysis and beam propagation approaches have been used to study bending loss, transition loss, mode coupling, and polarization coupling in bent optical waveguides. The waveguide offset and their widths have been optimized to reduce the transition loss and the mode beating.     

Flutter of rectangular composite plates with variable fiber pacing

The effect of variable fiber spacing on the supersonic flutter of rectangular composite plates has been investigated using the finite element method and quasi-steady aerodynamic theory. The formulation of the location dependent stiffness and mass matrices due to nonhomogeneous material properties was derived. This study first demonstrates the flutter analysis of composite plates with variable fiber spacing. Numerical results show that the sequence of the natural mode may be altered and the two natural frequencies may be close to each other due to the fiber distribution may change the distributed stiffness and mass of the plate. Therefore, it may change the flutter coalescent modes. It is seen that the flutter boundary may be increased or decreased due to variable fiber spacing. The punch phenomenon on the flutter boundary is obvious in the absence of aerodynamic damping.     

Vibration and buckling of rectangular composite plates with variable fiber spacing

This is a summary of the first known work which analyzes the structural behavior of composite plates having nonuniformly spaced fibers. The present investigation is limited to single layer composites having parallel fibers. This results in a plate which is macroscopically orthotropic, but nonhomogeneous. The free vibrations and buckling of such plates subjected to inplane boundary loadings are studied. A plane elasticity problem must first be solved to determine the inplane stresses caused by the applied boundary loading, and these stresses become input to the vibration and buckling problem. Both problems are dealt with by the Ritz method. Numerical results are obtained for six nonuniform distributions of E-glass, graphite and boron fibers in epoxy matrices in simply supported, square plates. The redistributions are seen to increase the buckling load by as much as 38%, and the fundamental frequency by as much as 21%.     

基于光纤耦合的光纤激光阵列像差探测

提出了一种基于光纤耦合的光纤激光阵列像差探测方法,介绍了其结构和波前复原过程,采用数值仿真模拟其复原湍流像差的过程,并进行了7单元自适应光纤准直器(AFOC)阵列复原静态像差的实验。仿真结果表明,本文提出的波前传感方法能够有效复原出湍流畸变波前,且对于不同单元数的六边形排布阵列,存在不同的最优复原阶数。阵列填充因子的降低会增大复原残差,填充因子大于0.8可保证复原残差RMS相较于填充因子为1时的增幅不超过10%。实验结果表明,利用填充因子为0.875的7单元AFOC阵列,复原以离焦为主的低阶像差时,初始畸变波前RMS为0.433 μm,复原残差小于0.075 μm。仿真和实验结果验证了本文提出的基于光纤耦合的光纤激光阵列像差探测方法的有效性。该技术有望在激光阵列大气传输及湍流校正等系统中得到进一步应用。     

Stress optical fiber sensor using light coupling between two laterally fused multimode optical fibers

A stress optical fiber sensor was manufactured and tested. It uses light coupling between two parallel and laterally fused, all-silica multimode optical fibers along a cladding length of a few centimeters. This sensor is dedicated to the measurement of high values of stress. A theoretical model was developed using the mode coupling and the perturbation theory to calculate the global coupling coefficient of light. A serial optical fiber sensor network interrogated by the time-division multiplexing method was realized and tested. The major applications of this sensor are control and monitoring of civil engineering structures and concretes.     

Reflowed solgel spherical microlens for high-efficiency optical coupling between a laser diode and a single-mode fiber

To improve the coupling efficiency between a laser diode and a single-mode fiber, we propose a two-microlens coupling scheme that uses two solgel spherical microlenses for high coupling efficiency. The conventional reflow technique was employed and extended to the inorganic-organic hybrid SiO2/ZrO2 solgel material to form the microlenses. Preliminary results show that the coupling efficiency was increased to--1.28 dB (74.5%) by the proposed scheme, compared with a coupling efficiency of--10.13 dB (9.7%) by the butt-joint method. The proposed fabrication technique demonstrates that use of a reflowed solgel spherical microlens is a cost-effective mass-production approach to application of micro-optical elements in optical communication.     

光纤耦合问题的研究及球形端面光纤的应用

介绍了光源与光纤耦合的几种方法以及球形光纤的制作方法，采用射线理论分析了圆球形端面多模光纤的端面效应，给出了半导体激光器（LD）与圆球形端面光纤耦合的应用实例。实验结果表明该方法结构简单、调整方便，有实际应用的潜力。     

光纤耦合效率与接收光强计算研究

由于用近似方法计算出的光纤耦合效率和接收光功率与实验测量之间存在差异,有必要探讨更准确的计算方法以满足应用的需要。通过对径向变量的积分,导出了在高斯光强分布下对接收光纤端面进行面积分计算的一元积分式,从而可以快速准确地对光纤的耦合效率和接收光功率进行数值计算。对62.5/125多模光纤的耦合效率和接收光功率进行的数值计算和实验测量说明,光纤的耦合效率只有用准确的数值计算才能给出与实际相符合的计算结果。使用芯径较大的接收光纤测量出射光束的近场光强分布时,光纤接收光强分布较光束的光强分布有较大的展宽,其相对误差甚至可达60%。     

纤维聚合物复合材料的有效湿扩散系数

根据纤维聚合物复合材料的微观结构, 建立了基于复合材料单胞模型的湿扩散计算方法, 研究了不同温度和不同体积分数下纤维聚合物复合材料的湿扩散性能。假设纤维是不可渗透的, 并在聚合物基体中均匀分布, 计算了不同温度不同体积分数下复合材料的有效湿扩散系数。结果表明: 复合材料的有效湿扩散系数随温度的升高而增大, 随纤维体积分数的增大而减小; 在相同温度、 相同体积分数下, 正六边形排列的纤维复合材料的湿扩散系数比正方形的略大。计算结果及经验公式与Gueribiz曲线基本一致, 说明用单胞模型计算复合材料的湿扩散性能是非常有效的, 有助于理解纤维复合材料的湿扩散机制和性能。      

Field and laboratory performance of a rectangular shaped glass fiber reinforced polymer deck

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been favorably noticed as state-of-the art construction materials, but sufficient material and structural data about FRP applications are not available. This study was intended to evaluate the applications and safety of FRP deck systems, which are developed by laboratory testing (static and fatigue tests), field application and testing of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) deck systems made of glass fiber and vinyl ester resin. The results show that the developed FRP deck systems have the expected strength and stiffness to replace the existing systems. FRP deck systems can effectively shorten the construction time and reduce the equipment required. In addition, it is determined that there is a need to evaluate the long-term structural behavior and durability of FRP deck systems in order to obtain comprehensive data for preparing the future design, manufacturing and construction materials.     

Analytical equivalence between substrate-integrated waveguide and rectangular waveguide

Rectangular waveguide (RW) with sidewalls of vertical conducting cylinders (i.e. SIW, substrate-integrated waveguide) becomes popular with the advent of low-temperature co-fired ceramic structure; its analysis is usually numerical, or modal, leading to empirical design formulas. However, its analytical equivalence to the common RW of the solidwall is identified; in other words, analytical design formulas of the SIW and the equivalent RW of solid sidewalls are the same. The equivalence is established on comparing the surface impedances along the side walls, of the SIW and of an RW through analytical continuation. The equivalence formulas, propagation and cut off frequency show very good agreement with the results from both numerical simulations and measurements of hardware experiments, and over wide frequencies. The good agreements are easily understood on the basis of the conformal maps and the variational principle.     

Fiber mode coupling in transmissive and reflective tilted fiber gratings

Whereas core-mode reflection and core-mode-to-radiation-mode coupling in tilted fiber Bragg gratings is well understood, as is coupling between a core mode and higher-order core and cladding modes in untilted gratings, here we analyze in detail the coupling among core modes and cladding modes in reflective and transmissive tilted fiber gratings. We show that strong coupling between an LP(01) core mode and the exact (1m) cladding modes occurs in a transmissive tilted grating for nearly any tilt angle except angles close to 90 degrees , whereas the LP(01)-to-(lm) cladding mode coupling (l not equal 1) is appreciable only for tilt angles just below 90 degrees (~88 degrees ). In a reflective grating, strong coupling between the LP(01) core mode and the exact (1m) cladding modes occurs only for angles less than ~5 degrees , whereas coupling to (1m) cladding modes for m > 1 occurs only for angles greater than ~5 degrees . Coupling among bound core modes exhibits a similar behavior, except that in general the coupling is stronger. Experimentally we show coupling to both higher-order bound core modes and cladding modes in a transmissive tilted grating at visible and near-infrared wavelengths.     

平面镜半导体光束整形的设计优化与光纤耦合

本文在光纤耦合理论分析的基础上,采用平面镜反射整形方法对半导体准直光束进行重排,提出了应用于半导体光束整形的整形器结构表达式.针对慢轴发散角较大引起整形次数增加和多次反射易损耗的特点,分析并优化平面镜的结构参数,设计了整形次数为13次的平面整形器,使得半导体激光器快、慢轴方向的光束实现光参数积均衡.通过对整个光学系统的模拟和实验,表明采用该方法能够实现条阵半导体激光耦合进入芯径200μm、数值孔径为0.22的光纤中,耦合效率接近50%.