基因重组牙鲆生长激素(r-fGH)对牙鲆幼苗生长的促进作用

将含基因重组牙鲆生长激素(r-fCH)的毕赤酵母直接作为饵料源,研究r-fGH促进牙鲆幼苗生长的水平依存关系.结果表明,6周喂养后,含r-fGH的酵母组,无论是低水平还是高水平,均对牙鲆幼苗的生长有显著的促进作用,鱼体的相对体重增长率、相对体长增长率、食物转化率和肥满度均增加显著.     

麦芽糖转糖基酶在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性分析

用PCR 方法从E.coli BL21(DE3)中获得麦芽糖转糖基酶基因,将该基因插入到酵母表达载体pPIC9K 的α分泌信号开放阅读框的下游,对重组质粒pPIC9K-MalQ 所含的外源片段进行双向测序。将测序正确的重组质粒用内切酶Sal Ⅰ线性化,电穿孔转化到GS115 感受态细胞中,G418 梯度筛选高拷贝转化菌及PCR 鉴定目的基因的整合,1% 甲醇诱导表达。经薄层色谱分析粗酶液处理的麦芽二糖溶液,证实粗酶液具有麦芽糖转糖基酶活性。     

耐热木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及酶学性质

将一种11家族极端耐热木聚糖酶的密码子优化基因Syxyn11克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,得到重组质粒pPIC9K-Syxyn11,将其经SalⅠ线性化后转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115。经G418筛选得到重组工程菌GS115/Syxyn11,用甲醇诱导表达重组木聚糖酶SyXyn11,酶活可达到17.74 U/mL。SDS-PAGE显示,SyXyn11的相对分子质量为31 000。SyXyn11的最适反应温度为85℃,在80℃以下稳定。最适反应pH为6.5,在pH 5.0~7.5范围内稳定。EDTA和大多数金属离子对重组酶的活性影响不大。结果表明Syxyn11成功在P.pastoris GS115中实现表达,而且重组木聚糖酶的耐热性并未改变。     

产木聚糖酶毕赤酵母工程菌株构建及表达条件优化研究

将黑曲霉XZ-3S木聚糖酶Xyn43A成熟肽基因插入表达载体p PIC9K,重组质粒SalⅠ线性化后分别电击转化2种毕赤酵母GS115和KM71,转化液经MD平板、G418浓度梯度平板和摇瓶复筛,获得两株重组菌GS115/Xyn43A（Mut⁺）和KM71/Xyn43A（Mut^s）。其中GS115/Xyn43A菌株最优表达条件为:甲醇浓度2.0%,接种时间24 h,诱导时间108 h,诱导温度30℃、诱导培养基初始p H6.3;KM71/Xyn43A菌株最优表达条件为:甲醇浓度1.75%,接种时间26 h,诱导时间132 h,诱导温度30℃、诱导培养基初始p H6.5。在最优表达条件下两重组菌GS115/Xyn43A和KM71/Xyn43A比酶活力分别可达139.36、143.29 U/mg。      

玉米谷氨酰胺酶基因在毕赤酵母中表达条件的优化

为确定玉米谷氨酰胺转氨酶基因在毕赤酵母中的最佳诱导表达条件,将构建好的重组表达载体pPIC9K-TGZ经Sac I线性化处理,电转入巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115,利用抗生素Zeocin筛选阳性克隆,聚合酶链式反应扩增验证,甲醇诱导表达。通过正交试验确定工程菌最佳表达条件:表达培养基BMMY,诱导表达时间96 h,初始表达pH值6.0,菌体起始诱导OD600nm值4.0,诱导温度24 ℃,甲醇添加量0.6%(体积分数)、甲醇流加时间间隔12 h/次,诱导48 h后每24 h添加1 g/L甘油。采用优化的条件得到培养基上清的最高酶活达7.51 U/mL。     

抗菌肽DCD-1L在毕赤酵母中的表达及其条件优化

本文将抗菌肽DCD-1L在毕赤酵母SMD1168中表达并优化其表达条件。利用重叠延伸PCR法获得DCD-1L基因并将其重组到质粒pPICZα-A中;将重组质粒pPICZ-A—DCD-1L转化毕赤酵母蛋白酶缺陷株SMD1168并诱导表达;通过抑菌圈试验确定其最适表达时间、温度、pH值和甲醇诱导量。结果表明：最适表达时间为48h,温度为28℃,pH值为6,甲醇诱导量为终浓度0.5％。     

人源弹性蛋白酶基因真核载体构建及表达

从人体肾脏组织中提取的总RNA中通过反转录PCR（RT-PCR）扩增得到了ELA2B基因,并将其克隆到pGEM-Teasy载体中。然后用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和NotI对重组质粒pGEM-Teasy/ELA2B和毕赤酵母质粒pPIC9K进行双酶切,并且通过PCR技术去除ELA2B的信号肽,成功构建了真核表达载体pPIC9K/ELA2B,并将其转入毕赤酵母表达宿主GS115中。得到150株转化子,经含不同浓度G418的YPD平板筛选获得20株高拷贝转化子。甲醇诱导表达后,发酵液上清经SDS-PAGE检测,获得了大小约为28ku的目的条带。通过酪蛋白平板检测发酵液上清,出现透明圈,初步证明获得了有生物活性的弹性蛋白酶。      

人甲胎蛋白AFP在大肠杆菌中表达和鉴定

本研究通过应用基因工程技术,重组构建编码人全长甲胎蛋白AFP基因的原核表达载体pET22b-AFP,并将其转化到大肠杆菌宿主菌BL21（DE3）中进行诱导表达目的蛋白AFP。采用PCR法扩增编码AFP蛋白的cDNA序列片段,并将其克隆到含有His-tag的pET22b原核表达载体上;重组质粒经双酶切及测序鉴定正确后转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行IPTG诱导表达;对诱导过程中不同浓度的IPTG和不同的温度进行优化;选定最佳的优化条件进行诱导表达目的蛋白;SDS-PAGE电泳和Western Blot法鉴定表达产物。结果表明,通过PCR扩增技术获得了编码AFP蛋白的基因片段;重组质粒经双酶切和基因测序等方法鉴定后,确认了重组质粒已经构建成功;表达产物通过利用SDS-PAGE和Western Blot法检测到在66 kDa附近出现条带,与预期值相符,表明重组AFP蛋白已成功表达。     

pfs基因原核表达载体的构建、表达及蛋白纯化

以植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391的基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增得到pfs基因,与Gen Bank中的序列对比发现同源性为99%。将目的基因与表达载体p QE-30连接,并将重组质粒p QE-30-pfs转化到E.coli M15中。异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达重组蛋白,经SDS-PAGE分析,在全菌体蛋白中含有一条明显的特异性蛋白条带,大小约为27.4ku。经Ni-NTA纯化系统纯化后,在SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳图上获得纯化产物的条带。结果表明,原核表达载体p QE-30-pfs构建成功,且Pfs蛋白在大肠杆菌中成功表达,采用Ni-NTA纯化系统成功纯化了重组蛋白Pfs,为体外合成AI-2（Autoinducer-2）奠定了基础。      

黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶基因克隆及在毕赤酵母中分泌表达

为大规模制备β-葡萄糖苷酶,构建重组酵母工程菌,实现β-葡萄糖苷酶的分泌表达。根据已报道黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)β-葡萄糖苷酶cDNA序列设计一对引物,采用RT-PCR扩增,获得黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶基因(bgl)。构建了pMD-18T-bgl克隆载体,bgl亚克隆到质粒pPIC9K,构建表达载体pPIC9K-bgl。经BglⅡ线性化后电转入Pichia pastoris GS115,经过MD、YPD/G418平板筛选阳性克隆,获得分泌表达重组P.pastoris GS115的工程菌。用终体积分数1%的甲醇对其进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和酶活测定结果表明,重组毕赤酵母分泌了1个相对分子质量约90 000的蛋白质,与该酶基因产物的理论值一致。酶催化的最适温度为50℃,最适pH 5.5,其酶活达到38 U/mL,比已报导重组酶产酶水平有较大程度的提高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the