铝与K2TiF6混合粉末的高能球磨反应

以Al粉和K2 TiF6 混合粉末为原料 ,利用高能球磨法制备Ti Al基金属间化合物。采用XRD ,SEM ,EPMA和DTA等方法对球磨 1,2 5 ,5 ,8h的粉末进行分析 ,在球磨时间超过 2 .5h的粉末中有TiAl3,TiAl出现 ,并伴有副产物KAlF4 和K3AlF6 生成。随着反应的进行 ,产物中TiAl相含量逐渐增加 ,产物粒度可达纳米级。     

用还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17合金

主要研究还原扩散法(R/D)制备Sm2Fe17合金的工艺和主要影响因素,并通过XRD和SEM等分析测试手段对还原扩散机理作了理论分析和实验研究,得出了还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17的最佳工艺条件,实验表明在合理的原料配比条件下,1423K保温6小时后快淬可以制得成分单一的Sm2Fe17合金。     

Sm2Fe17Nx的制备

在研究确定了原材料配比的基础上,采用还原扩散法制备出了 Sm2Fe17合金粉;探讨了反应温度、恒温时间、氮气压力及氮气压力200kPa时温度等因素对氮化反应的影响.当氮气压力为200 kPa、温度为873K、恒温5h时,生成Sm2Fe17N2.874,其氮含量为3.111%.     

CaH_2低温热还原TiO_2制备钛粉

以工业钛白粉和分析纯氢化钙粉为原料,探索一种在较低温度下热还原制备Ti粉新方法。结合反应热力学理论计算及试验验证,对氢化钙分解条件及分解产物还原TiO2过程进行了研究。结果表明:真空条件可降低CaH_2分解温度,初始真空度2.5 Pa,温度890.7 K,保温1 h,CaH_2分解为Ca和H_2;分解后的Ca粉对TiO_2的还原为逐级还原,在温度993 K以上、还原时间3 h,Ti_nO_(2n-1)及CaTiO_3等中间产物最终被还原为Ti;反应结束时通过蒸馏去除残余Ca可有效降低Ti粉H含量;获得的钛粉颗粒形貌为不规则块体状、中位粒径1.83μm,成分满足行业标准YS/T 654-2007 TF-2牌号要求。     

ZnO-TiO2体系的固相合成与表征

以分析纯ZnO和TiO2粉体为原料,直接固相法制备钛酸锌粉体.利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）对粉体物相、形貌进行表征,采用热重-差热（TG-DTA）研究固相反应机理.结果表明：氧化物粉体最低反应温度为800℃,升高反应温度有利于Zn2TiO4相的生成,延长反应时间有利于六方相ZnTiO3生成.在800~900℃保温4 h获得平均粒径为0.3~0.5μm的球形钛酸锌粉体,该晶体生长过程为扩散机制控制,调整温度对产物形貌影响不大.     

NaCl-KCl-MgCl2熔盐Mg2+在钨电极上的 电化学还原机理

采用三电极在NaCl-KCl熔盐电解质体系,以MgCl₂为原料应用AUTOLAB电化学工作站分别通过循环伏安法、计时电流法、计时电位法研究了1 073 K时NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂熔盐体系中Mg2+在钨电极上的电化学还原过程.循环伏安测试结果表明:1 073 K时NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂熔盐体系中Mg2+在钨电极上的电化学还原是1步反应转移2个电子过程,电极反应受扩散控制,扩散系数为3.81×10-6 cm2/s,电极反应为Mg2++2e-→Mg.计时电位测试结果验证了循环伏安测试结果的正确性.计时电流测试数据拟合结果表明:1 073 K时NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂熔盐中Mg2+在钨电极上的电结晶是瞬时成核方式.      

CaC2-CHCl3体系制备纳米碳球的反应热力学

利用CaC2-CHCl3体系反应合成纳米碳球,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的物相、形貌和显微结构进行分析.对该体系进行吉布斯自由能和反应热效应计算,结合实验结果,研究采用无机化学反应法制备微纳米碳球的中间态成碳机理.结果表明:从理论上证实CaC2-CHCl3体系热解产物可能为石墨、金刚石和C3原...     

直接还原碳化法制备超细WC-Ni-Fe合金粉的研究

采用超声喷雾热转换法制取的（WO3J－NiO-FeO）纳米级复合氧化物粉末为原料,按WO3＋C→WC＋CO的基本反应进行直接碳化,制备超细WC－Ni-Fe纳米级合金粉。在碳化过程中,用DSC、XRD、SEM等分析手段,研究了氢气与氮气对直接还原碳化反应温度、反应历程以及粉体物相和粒度的影响。 结果表明,在氢气气氛下,直接还原碳化温度明显低于氮气气氛（约低170℃）;无论在氮气或氢气气氛下,直接还原碳化过程均由前期的还原过程（WO3→WO2．72→WO2→W）和后期的碳化过程（W C→WC）组成;所制备的合金粉体粒度小于200－300nm。     

连续还原碳化法制备纳米WC-Co复合粉研究

传统方法制备超细WC-Co混合料工艺过程复杂,制备的粉末成分及粒度分布不均匀,晶粒较粗,生产成本高.本研究采用连续还原碳化法,以偏钨酸铵、醋酸钴、热解碳源等为原料,在喷雾干燥、连续还原碳化系统中进行实验,对短流程制备工艺进行了探讨.通过喷雾结晶、低温还原碳化制备出纳米级WC-Co复合粉.研究结果表明：在900℃温度下,碳化反应完全,制得的WC-Co复合粉晶粒度小于100 nm.连续还原碳化法制备粉末的工艺流程短,易于实现产业化.     

从稀土储氢合金冶炼废渣中回收稀土镍钴合金的研究

对于稀土储氢合金冶炼废渣粉,采用水热酸溶-还原扩散-电弧熔炼的方法回收稀土氧化物和稀土镍钴合金。废渣粉首先用水热酸溶法分离其中的部分稀土氧化物,得到的合金富集物配加金属钙粒用还原扩散法将其中剩余的稀土氧化物转化为AB5型合金,还原扩散得到的合金粉采用电弧熔炼得到稀土镍钴合金。回收的合金杂质含量低,可作为基础原料用于熔炼AB5型稀土储氢合金,实现了稀土储氢合金冶炼废渣的循环利用。     

重熔保温时间对Al-Ti-C中间合金微观组织及细化性能的影响

利用Al、Ti、C粉末原料,采用铝熔体热爆法合成了相同成分不同微观组织形貌的两种Al-Ti-C中间合金晶粒细化剂。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、大型光学显微镜(MEF3)等分析手段研究了重熔保温时间对Al-Ti-C中间合金微观组织及细化效果的影响。结果表明:合成的两种Al-Ti-C中间合金均由Al、TiAl3和TiC组成。重熔时,保温时间对Al-Ti-C中间合金微观组织产生重要影响。随着重熔保温时间的延长,TiAl3会发生聚集、长大,而TiC颗粒有聚集倾向,但保温过程中,TiAl3和TiC相表现出较强的稳定性,并没有生成其他杂相如Al4C3等。重熔后的Al-Ti-C中间合金仍具有一定的晶粒细化能力。     

真空电磁悬浮精炼钛铝基中间合金试验研究

利用真空电磁悬浮熔炼炉对铝热法还原攀枝花酸溶性钛渣所得的粗TiAl基合金进行精炼,研究了精炼前后合金物相组成、合金元素在微区中的分布、组织结构和杂质含量的变化。发现在精炼参数为熔炼电流60A,保温时间5min,冷却速率4A/min时,精炼后的合金层片状组织和裂纹减少,晶粒尺寸减小。Si、Fe元素置换Al元素形成置换固溶相,存在于TiAl、TiAl_2等相中,形成了Fe_2AlTi、Si_2Ti、Al_2FeSi、AlFe、FeTiSi等物相,接近于Ti-Al二元合金的双相组织。合金中夹杂物的含量减少了45%,去除了合金中的粒径5μm的大颗粒夹杂物。     

元素粉末法制备TiAl基合金

详细综述了采用元素粉末法制备TiAl基合金的机理研究,工艺方法及材料性能。元素里,则在一定温度下的反应合成主要由扩散控制,包括产生TiAl₃相和TiAl₂相的中间化过程。由元素粉末制备TiAl合金的工艺方法有Ti,Al元素粉末的反应烧结、热压或热等静压、热爆合成、元素Ti、Al箔片的反应合成等。采用这些方法制备的TiAl基会金具有均匀、细小的组织,但其力学性能受氧含量及孔隙的严重影响。.     

Preparation of TiAl15Si15 intermetallic alloy by mechanical alloying and the spark plasma sintering method

This work is devoted to the preparation of alloys based on intermetallic compounds in the Ti–Al–Si system by powder metallurgy using mechanical alloying and the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The aim was to describe the formation of intermetallic phases during mechanical alloying of TiAl15Si15 (wt-%) alloy and to consolidate the powder prepared by optimised conditions. Phase composition, microstructure and hardness of compacted alloy were determined. Four hours of mechanical alloying is sufficient time for preparation of pure elements free material composed only of intermetallic phases. After consolidation, the TiAl15Si15 alloy has a homogeneous structure composed of silicide (Ti₅Si₃) in aluminide (TiAl) matrix. The hardness of the material reaches 865?±?42 HV 5.     

Production of a sintered alloy based on the TiAl intermetallic compound: Part 2. Investigation into forming and sintering processes

A complex production technology of electrodes from the powder alloy based on titanium aluminide TiAl, which includes the stages of fabrication of the powder alloy by calcium hydride reduction, treatment of the powder in a ball hard alloy mill with the addition of Y₂O₃ as a structural modifier, and the hydrostatic formation and sintering of a billet, is proposed. Formation and sintering processes are investigated for experimental samples and the alloy microstructure is investigated at all stages of process flowchart. The electrode for the plasma centrifugal spraying of the granules is fabricated using this technology.     

Deoxidation of titanium aluminide by Ca-Al alloy under controlled aluminum activity

Removal of oxygen in titanium aluminide (TiAl) by chemically active calcium-aluminum (Ca-AI) alloy was carried out around 1373 K with the purpose of obtaining extra-low-oxygen TiAl. The deoxidation experiments were preceded by an investigation of the phase equilibria of the system Ti-Al-Ca at 1273 and 1373 K. The compositions of the Ca-AI alloy deoxidant, which equilibrates with TiAl, and the experimental conditions suitable for the deoxidation were of particular interest. In experiments in which Ti-Al samples were submerged in liquid Ca-AI alloys at 1373 K, the surfaces of the samples severely deteriorated and became nodular. When TiAl powders were mixed with CaO and the deoxidant was supplied in vapor form, powders which initially contained 510, 1100, and 4200 ppm O were deoxidized to about 160, 490, and 670 ppm O after deoxidation at 1373 K in 86.4 ks (1 day). Among many conditions tested, the use of TiAl powders mixed with CaCl₂ was most effective for deoxidation at 1373 K. CaCl₂ was used as a flux to facilitate the deoxidation by decreasing the activity of the deoxidation product CaO. In the case that TiAl powders mixed with CaCl₂ and reacted with Ca-AI vapor at 1373 K for 86.4 ks, the powders initially containing 510, 1100, and 4200 mass ppm O were deoxidized to a level of 62, 140, and 190 mass ppm O, respectively. No significant change in morphology of the particle after deoxidation was observed. The titanium and nitrogen concentrations in the powders remained constant, whereas calcium, which was present only in trace amounts initially, increased up to 160 mass ppm after the deoxidation treatment.     

TiAl预合金粉末制备的研究进展

高品质的预合金粉末是以粉末冶金工艺制备高性能TiAl基合金材料的基础。介绍了目前可用于规模化生产TiAl预合金粉末的各种雾化制备技术,包括惰性气体雾化法、转盘雾化法和等离子旋转电极雾化法,其中惰性气体雾化法又分为等离子感应熔炼定向气雾化法和电极感应熔炼气雾化法。分析了各种雾化制备技术的特点,并对国内外TiAl预合金粉末制备的研究进展进行了综述。     

利用正交试验方法探讨Cu-Sn粉末的烧结性能

选用雾化法制备的低熔点高Sn含量的Cu-Sn50合金粉末进行热压烧结试验,利用正交试验方法研究烧结温度、保温时间和保压压力3个烧结因素的组合作用对粉末烧结性能的影响。通过对正交试验数据的极差分析、试验样品的SEM形貌和金相组织观察分析等,测得试样烧结性能的变化情况及最优试验方案。结果表明:Cu-Sn50合金粉末在烧结温度440℃、保温180 s、压力10 MPa工艺参数下各项性能较好,可作为最佳试验方案。     

Evaluation of Beta III Titanium Alloy Powders Compacted by Hot-Swaging

Abstract

A hot-swaging method was used to determine the processing parameters for producing fully consolidated products from Beta III titanium alloy spherical powders. Four temperatures (1005 K, 1033 K, 1144 K, and 1227 K) and four percentage reductions (25·1, 37·5, 54·2, and 65·2) of the can outside diameter were selected for study. Fully consolidated powder products were obtained by 54·2 and 65·2% reductions at all four temperatures and by 37·5% reduction at 1227 K. The other processing conditions did not give fully dense products.

Room-temperature tensile and fracture toughness properties of the swaged powder products in the heat-treated condition were determined. The fully consolidated swaged powder products had tensile and fracture toughness properties equal to or better than reported properties of wrought products made from ingot Beta III titanium alloy. The properties of the other swaged powder products (not fully dense) reflected lower mechanical properties because of poor consolidation.