矾土基电熔锆刚玉对钢包用Al2O3-MgO浇注料性能的影响

以特级矾土熟料(8～5 mm)、电熔亚白刚玉(5～3和3～1 mm)、电熔白刚玉(≤1 mm)为骨料,以白刚玉细粉(<0.088和<0.044 mm)、矾土基电熔锆刚玉(<0.088 mm)、电熔铝镁尖晶石(<0.044 mm)、电熔镁砂(<0.074 mm)、α-Al2O3微粉(≤5 μm)和SiO2微粉(≤3 μm)为基质,骨料与基质质量比为65∶35,固定锆刚玉与白刚玉粉总质量分数为16%不变,以矾土基电熔锆刚玉细粉等量替代白刚玉粉,研究了矾土基电熔锆刚玉粉质量分数(分别为0、4%、8%、12%和16%)对Al2O3-MgO浇注料物理性能及抗渣性的影响,并利用SEM和EDS对渣蚀后的试样进行显微结构及微区元素分析.结果表明:(1)矾土基电熔锆刚玉可以促进Al2O3-MgO浇注料的烧结,从而改善浇注料的常温物理性能;(2)矾土基电熔锆刚玉的引入对Al2O3-MgO浇注料的抗热震性影响不大;(3)矾土基电熔锆刚玉的引入对Al2O3-MgO浇注料的高温抗折强度和抗渣侵蚀性略有负面影响,这主要和矾土基电熔锆刚玉中的杂质在高温下生成液相有关.     

SiO2微粉和Al2O3微粉加入量对莫来石-刚玉浇注料性能的影响

以莫来石M45(10～5mm,5～3mm)、电熔莫来石(3～1mm,≤1mm)作骨料,刚玉粉(≤0.074mm)、电熔莫来石粉(≤0.074mm)、纯铝酸钙水泥、Al2O3微粉(d50=2.11μm)和SiO2微粉(d50=1.07μm)作基质,制备了脱硫枪用莫来石-刚玉浇注料,并分别研究了SiO2微粉加入量(分别为2%、3%、4%、5%)和Al2O3微粉加入量(分别为2%、4%、6%)对浇注料体积密度、显气孔率、强度、烧后永久线变化率、抗热震性和抗渣性的影响。结果表明:仅加入SiO2微粉时,随着其加入量在2%～5%范围内增加,莫来石-刚玉浇注料的体积密度提高,显气孔率降低,强度增加,抗渣性变好,但抗热震性变差;在加入3%SiO2微粉的基础上再加入2%～6%的Al2O3微粉时,浇注料的各项性能随Al2O3微粉增加没有明显改善,但均比仅加入3%SiO2微粉时有明显改善。     

电熔镁砂加入量对Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料性能的影响

以电熔棕刚玉颗粒(粒度为5~3 mm、3~1 mm,≤1 mm)、电熔白刚玉细粉(≤0.088 mm)、SiC颗粒(≤1 mm)和细粉(≤0.088 mm)、电熔镁砂细粉(≤0.088 mm)、活性α-Al2O3微粉、SiO2微粉、Si粉和球状沥青为主要原料,以纯铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,配制成电熔镁砂细粉加入量(质量分数)分别为0、3%、6%、9%、12%的出铁沟用Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料,经振动成型、养护、脱模、110℃24 h烘干后,分别于1 100℃3 h、1 450℃3 h热处理,测定处理后试样的体积密度、显气孔率、烧后线变化率、抗折强度、抗高炉渣侵蚀性和抗氧化性,并分析其物相组成和显微结构。结果表明:随着电熔镁砂加入量的增加,试样的显气孔率提高,体积密度、抗折强度和抗氧化性降低,抗渣性变化不大;1 450℃3 h处理后试样物相主要由3C-SiC、6H-SiC、刚玉、方镁石以及反应生成的尖晶石和莫来石组成,且随着电熔镁砂加入量的增加,尖晶石和莫来石的生成量也增加;在侵蚀面附近,刚玉颗粒边缘生成了厚度约80μm的尖晶石层。     

刚玉和β-SiAlON对MgO基浇注料流变性的影响

采用65%(质量分数,下同)电熔镁砂作骨料(8~5mm,5~3mm,3~1mm,≤1mm),27%电熔镁砂粉(≤0.044mm和≤0.074mm)、4%Al2O3微粉和4%SiO2微粉作基质料,以此为基础配方,首先分别用5%、10%、15%、20%的电熔白刚玉粉(≤0.044mm)等量取代同粒度的镁砂粉,然后在加入10%刚玉粉的基础上,分别用2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%的矾土基β-SiAlON(≤0.088mm)取代等量的刚玉粉,分别加水制成两组MgO基浇注料,并采用浇注料流变仪研究了刚玉粉和β-SiAlON粉的加入量对浇注料流变性(扭矩、流动阻力和粘度)的影响。研究结果表明在MgO基浇注料中加入≤10%的刚玉粉时,浇注料的扭矩、粘度和流动阻力较低,流变性较好;加入低于7.5%的β-SiAlON时,对MgO基浇注料的流变性影响不大,但超过7.5%后,浇注料的流变性趋于变差。     

SiO2微粉加入量对Al2O3-SiC-C出铁沟浇注料性能的影响

采用高铝矾土(8～5 mm)、棕刚玉(8～5、5～3、3～1 mm)、SiC(≤1、≤0.044 mm)、致密刚玉(≤1、≤0.044 mm)为主要原料,固定SiO2微粉和白泥的总加入量(w)为2.5%,研究了SiO2微粉加入量(其质量分数0、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%)对Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:试样在1 100、1 500℃分别保温3 h处理后,随着SiO2微粉加入量的增加即白泥加入量的降低,其加热永久线变化逐渐减少,显气孔率呈现先增大后降低的趋势,体积密度的变化趋势与显气孔率的正好相反,常温抗折强度及高温(1 450℃0.5 h)抗折强度呈现先增大后降低的趋势;当SiO2微粉加入量(w)为1.5%时,试样热震后的残余强度最大,SiO2微粉加入量(w)为2%的试样的强度保持率最低;在SiO2微粉加入量(w)为2%时,材料的抗渣侵蚀性能最好,继续增大SiO2微粉含量,抗渣侵蚀性能下降。综合各方面的因素,SiO2微粉和白泥复合使用时,SiO2微粉加入量(w)为2%左右,白泥加入量(w)为0.5%左右时,Al2O3-SiC-C快干浇注料具有最佳的综合性能。根据试验结果制备的快干浇注料在莱钢750 m3单铁口高炉铁沟使用,在未经任何修补的情况,主沟一次通铁量达到14万t。     

棕刚玉和矾土对Al_2O_3-SiO_2系无水泥浇注料结构和性能的影响

以棕刚玉和特级矾土为主要原料,以Al2O3微粉、SiO2微粉和纯铝酸钙水泥为结合体系,研究了棕刚玉和特级矾土加入量对Al2O3-SiO2系无水泥浇注料烘干及1 250℃3 h烧后性能的影响,并进行了显微结构分析和讨论。结果表明:在本试验条件下,Al2O3-SiO2系无水泥浇注料中特级矾土最佳加入质量分数为12.5%左右,1 250℃下的热态抗折强度可达22.1 MPa。Al2O3-SiO2系无水泥浇注料中莫来石的生成机制属于溶解-沉淀,且其热态抗折强度与原位莫来石生成情况密切相关。与棕刚玉相比,特级矾土更有利于莫来石的生成,故加入特级矾土更有利于提高无水泥浇注料的热态抗折强度。     

Al2O3-MA-SiC-C质浇注料的抗渣性能

以电熔白刚玉、镁铝尖晶石、SiC细粉、活性α-Al2O3微粉、球状沥青、Si粉、ρ-Al2O3、氧化硅微粉和铝酸钙水泥为原料制备了Al2O3-MA-SiC-C质浇注料。振动浇注成型后采用静态坩埚法测定了浇注料抗渣侵蚀性,利用X射线衍射、电子探针仪和能谱等手段分析了1500℃埋炭处理3h后试样的物相、显微结构和微区成分,以研究结合剂种类(ρ-Al2O3 氧化硅微粉和铝酸钙水泥 氧化硅微粉)、尖晶石和SiC的加入量对浇注料抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:采用ρ-Al2O3 氧化硅微粉结合的浇注料的抗渣性能明显高于采用铝酸钙水泥 氧化硅微粉结合的,这主要与其在高温下形成的物相有关;随着镁铝尖晶石加入量的增多,浇注料的抗渣性能总体上呈升高趋势;随着SiC加入量的增多,浇注料的抗渣性能显著提高,当SiC加入量(质量分数,下同)为25%时,浇注料的抗渣性能最好;加入过多的镁铝尖晶石和SiC对浇注料的抗渣性能不利,这主要同高温下材料中MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系低熔物的形成有关。     

硅粉对硅溶胶结合Al_2O_3-SiC-C浇注料性能的影响

以特级矾土熟料(5~3、3~1 mm)、棕刚玉(≤1 mm)、SiC(≤1 mm)、球状沥青(1~0.5 mm)、电熔白刚玉(≤0.074 mm)、活性α-Al2O3微粉、SiO2微粉、硅粉(d50=20.81μm)为原料制备Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料,分别以质量分数为0、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%和6%的硅粉等量替代白刚玉粉,研究了硅粉对浇注料常温物理性能和抗氧化性能的影响,并采用Factsage、SEM和EPMA等手段对试样进行热力学分析和显微结构分析。结果表明:1)随着硅粉含量的增加,试样的显气孔率逐渐降低,体积密度先增大后减小,常温强度明显提高。2)硅粉可以提高浇注料的抗氧化性能,在硅粉加入量为4%(w)时,其抗氧化性能最好。3)抗氧化试验后,试样边缘部位原位反应生成的莫来石堵塞了气孔,使得试样边缘结构致密;试样过渡区域有少量的莫来石和SiO2生成,封闭了表面的气孔,进一步阻止了氧气的进入;试样中心区域有少量晶须状的SiC生成,填充在骨架结构中,起强化增韧的作用。     

α-Al2O3及亚白刚玉粉对镁质浇注料物理性能的影响

以高纯镁砂(8～5mm,5～3mm,3～1mm)和电熔镁砂(≤1 mm)为骨料,电熔镁砂细粉、α-Al2O3微粉、亚白刚玉粉、镁铝尖晶石细粉及uf-SiO2微粉为基质,按骨料:细粉=70:30进行配制镁质浇注料.实验中用5%、10%、15%、20%的α-Al2O3与亚白刚玉粉组成的混合物取代等量的镁砂细粉,研究了添加物对镁质浇注料物理性能的影响.     

电熔镁锆砂加入量对RH精炼炉用刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

采用粒度为5～3 mm的电熔致密刚玉,3～1、≤1、≤0.074 mm的电熔白刚玉,1～0.044 mm的电熔富铝尖晶石等为主要原料,纯铝酸钙水泥、活性α-Al2O3微粉为结合剂,同时添加适量的微粉和高效复合减水剂,研究了电熔镁锆砂加入量(w)分别为0、2%、4%、6%、8%时对RH精炼炉用刚玉-尖晶石浇注料110、1 100和1 500℃处理后的抗折强度、耐压强度、线变化率,以及1 500℃处理后的耐磨性和1 600℃处理后的抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:1)加入2%(w)的电熔镁锆砂能明显提高浇注料的强度和耐磨性;2)随着镁锆砂含量的增加,线膨胀率明显增大,但电熔镁锆砂加入量为2%～4%(w)的浇注料体积稳定较好;3)加入电熔镁锆砂可以明显提高浇注料的抗渣渗透性,电熔镁锆砂加入量为2%(w)时,试样的抗渣渗透性最好。     

Na2O—Al2O3—SiO2系统霞石微晶玻璃化学稳定性的研究

Ｎａ２Ｏ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统霞石微晶玻璃的化学稳定性是该材料的重要性能之一。采用酸碱溶液侵蚀的方法,在比较霞石微晶玻璃试样与基玻璃试样侵蚀失重的基础上,分析了霞石微晶玻璃在酸,碱溶液中的侵蚀机理,同时,研究了侵蚀时间和酸,碱溶液浓度对霞石微晶玻璃试样侵蚀失重的影响。     

CO_2/H_2S对油气管材的腐蚀规律

综述了CO2 、H2 S对油气管材的腐蚀机理及影响因素 ,提出了开发经济型油管的设想。     

Corrosion of SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–CaF2-R2O (R=Na and K) enamels with different content of ZrO2 in H2SO4 and NaOH solutions

Corrosion of three SiO₂–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃–CaF₂-R₂O (R = Na and K) based enamels with different ZrO₂ contents in H₂SO₄ and NaOH solutions was studied. The addition of ZrO₂ reduced acid resistance of enamels. Especially for enamel with 5 wt% zirconia, the weight loss reached 4.04 mg/cm² after 30-day corrosion. On the contrary, substituting ZrO₂ for SiO₂ greatly improved the alkali resistance of enamel, since the weight loss of enamel with ZrO₂ was only 0.3 mg/cm² after 20-h corrosion, which decreased to less than one third of that of enamel without ZrO₂. Corrosion mechanism was comparatively discussed in these two solutions.     

CMAS corrosion behavior of dual-phase composite Gd2Si2O7/Sc2Si2O7 as a promising EBC material

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) applied to gas-turbine components require excellent corrosion resistance to molten siliceous debris such as sand or volcanic ash in high-temperature environments while maintaining mechanical integrity. To date, most research has focused on single-phase rare-earth (RE) disilicates as candidate EBC materials, but here we report the superior corrosion resistance of a dual-phase disilicate composite, namely Gd₂Si₂O₇/Sc₂Si₂O₇ (70/30 vol%). EBSD measurements of cross-sections of the EBC after exposure to a calcium magnesium alumino-silicate (CMAS) for 0.5, 2, 12, and 48 h at 1400 °C reveal that, unlike in single-phase systems, the CMAS reaction layer consists of two distinct sublayers. The inner sublayer consists of a mixture of Ca₂Gd₈(SiO₄)₆O₂ and Sc₂Si₂O₇ crystals in a Ca-depleted glassy matrix, whereas the thinner outer region contains larger, elongated Ca₂Gd₈(SiO₄)₆O₂ crystals oriented perpendicular to the composite surface and devoid of any Sc₂Si₂O₇ crystals. The total thickness of the reaction layer is found to be about 20% less compared to that of single-phase Gd₂Si₂O₇ under the same conditions, indicating that dual-phase RE-disilicate composites are a promising materials system for increasing the lifetime performance of EBCs.     

Corrosion mechanism of magnesia-chrome refractory bricks with FetO-SiO2-Cr2O3 copper converter slag

The paper investigates the effect of Cr₂O₃ on the resistance of magnesia-chrome refractory bricks to copper converter slag. The static crucible method was employed to carry out the slag resistance experiment. The corrosion of magnesia-chrome refractory bricks under the action of Fe_tO-SiO₂-xCr₂O₃ (x = 0–5 wt%) slag at 1300 °C was discussed. The microstructure of the corroded sample was analyzed by XRD and SEM-EDS to elucidate the corrosion mechanisms of magnesia-chrome refractory bricks with Fe_tO-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ slag. The results indicated that the permeability index of the slag-resistant samples gradually decreased with increasing Cr₂O₃ content in the Fe_tO-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ slag. Combined with SEM and XRD characterization, the MgO in the refractory reacted with FeO and SiO₂ in the molten slag, leading to dissolution and reaction corrosion of the refractories. Meanwhile, forming a (Mg, Fe)O solid solution layer in corroded samples can prevent further chemical reactions and high-temperature dissolution between the Fe_tO-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ slag and refractories. With the addition of Cr₂O₃ in the Fe_tO-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ slag, the corrosion effect of slag on refractories was weakened, and the (Mg, Fe)O solid solution layer became thinner. The magnesia-chrome refractory bricks showed excellent slag resistance when the Cr₂O₃ content in the copper converter slag was 5 wt%.     

一种抗CO2腐蚀缓蚀剂的制备及缓蚀性能研究

以油酸、二乙烯三胺、硫脲和氯化苄等为原料,合成出一种抗CO2腐蚀的咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂,通过红外光谱法对其结构进行了表征,并利用静态失重法在模拟地层水的环境下对其缓蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:红外谱图证明该实验成功地合成了咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂;在高含CO2(PCO2=4.64MPa)的腐蚀介质中,当温度为90℃,缓蚀剂的用量为0.025%时,其缓蚀率可达88%以上;当温度的升高、腐蚀时间延长和矿化度增加时,缓蚀率均呈下降趋势。     

182m2丙烯冷凝器的修复

采用抽芯、换芯等方法对发生泄漏的丙烯冷凝器进行快速修复后 ,设备重新投用 ,为同类冷凝器的快速修复提供一可借鉴的思路。     

纯铝酸钙水泥对镁铝钛系浇注料性能的影响

以镁铝钛电熔合成料颗粒和细粉(w(MgO)76.09%,w(Al2O3)15.67%,w(TiO2)5.05%)、镁砂细粉(w(MgO)>97.1%)、纯铝酸钙水泥(Secar71)、SiO2微粉、SiC细粉(≤0.074mm)及活性氧化铝微粉为原料制成镁铝钛系浇注料,研究了纯铝酸钙水泥含量(分别为2%、4%、6%)对镁铝钛系浇注料性能的影响,结果表明(1)水泥结合的镁铝钛浇注料具有较好的常温物理性能和抗水泥熟料侵蚀的性能,本试验条件下水泥加入量以<4%为宜;(2)高温下镁铝钛电熔合成料存在TiO2的脱溶现象,而脱溶可能对浇注料的理化性能产生影响;(3)在水泥结合镁铝钛系浇注料中加入SiC,对于抑制浇注料收缩是有益的。     

Chemical attack of Al2O3-MgAl2O4 refractory castables in the non-slag-tapping side of refining ladle

In the present work, chemical attacks and corrosion behaviors of a used Al₂O₃-MgAl₂O₄ refractory castable in the non-tapping slag side of a refining ladle were investigated and also compared with that of the counterpart (in the tapping slag side). Corrosion microstructures revealed the stress cracks occurred on the corroded interface and just along the boundary between the infiltration layer and original layer, indicating the thermo-mechanical properties’ mismatch above those two layers was the main reason for the formation of cracks on the corroded interface. Furthermore, the corrosion process of Al₂O₃ aggregates on the interface was studied in detail, and an intergranular mechanism was proposed based on observed microscopic characteristics.     

Electrochemical corrosion of silicon carbide ceramics in H2SO4

Sintered silicon carbide materials have found widespread use due to their high corrosion stability. This corrosion stability can be affected by electrochemical processes. Electrochemical corrosion experiments conducted on a SSiC material in H₂SO₄ at different voltages and subsequent detailed investigation of the formed surfaces was carried out. The first time a systematic local measurement of the thickness of the oxide layers was carried out. The measurements revealed the formation of SiO₂ surface layers with thickness up to 125 μm. The measured values also showed a strong deviation from grain to grain. The thickness of the layers does not correlate with the crystallographic orientation of the grains or the SiC-polytypes. The data indicate that the behaviour is caused by the variation of the resistivity of the grain boundaries. The measured thicknesses as a function of the electrical charge transferred indicate that the electrochemical oxidation results in the SiO₂ and carbon dioxide.