孟山都公司硫酸新技术

介绍孟山都公司开发的硫酸新技术，包括干吸塔、分酸器、Wav-Pak填料、ZeCor耐腐蚀合金、丝网垫、除雾器和热回收系统(HRS)。     

HRS在硫磺制酸中的应用

重点介绍 HRS 的工艺原理、特点、主要设备及在中国 2 套硫磺制酸装置上的应用情况.HRS 用 HRS 热回收塔取代传统工艺的吸收塔,用 HRS 锅炉取代传统工艺的吸收塔酸冷却器,从而使硫酸装置的总能量回收率从传统装置的 70% 提高到 93%,同时减少了循环冷却水消耗,其经济效益、环境效益显著.     

硫磺制酸装置低温位余热回收技术应用与改进

介绍了云南天安化工有限公司一期800 kt/a硫磺制酸装置低温位余热回收系统(HRS)的工艺、设备、电气仪表、控制系统;对HRS的工艺、设备、联锁系统等的优化改进情况、效果进行了分析评价;对在以后的硫磺制酸装置进行HRS技改提出建议。     

低温位热能回收技术在1600kt/a硫酸系统中的应用

广西金川有色金属有限公司(以下简称广西金川)1 600 kt/a硫酸生产装置是与400 kt/a铜冶炼配套的烟气制酸装置。该装置干吸系统采用低温位热能回收技术(HRS)及关键设备,不仅减少了制酸过程中循环冷却水的消耗量,而且将干吸工序的低温位热能也加以回收,产生1.0 MPa低压蒸汽,供厂区低压用户使用。1低温位热能回收技术HRS系统主要由HRS热回收塔、HRS酸循环     

孟山都公司的HRS系统及Monarch工艺

孟山都公司的ＨＲＳ系统及Ｍｏｎａｒｃｈ工艺孟山都公司开发的ＨＲＳ热回收系统在美国、韩国等已建立多套工业装置，《硫酸工业》也数次报道。在ＨＲＳ系统中，浓度为９９％的硫酸在１６５℃下进入一吸塔，吸收炉气中的ＳＯ３，吸收后的酸浓度为１００％，温度为２００～...     

HRS系统在硫磺制酸装置中的应用

介绍了硫磺制酸装置中扩建HRS系统的工艺原理及流程。对HRS系统的运行状况、存在问题及采取的应对措施作了详细描述。对系统优化、生产控制中注意事项也提出了建设性建议。通过不断地改进和优化,目前该HRS系统已稳定运行6年。     

信息拾零

孟山都推出Aspen Plus网络模型最近孟山都公司与Aspen技术公司合作，在因特网上向用户提供定制的Aspen Plus网络模型，帮助其进行硫酸装置的工艺模拟。     

600 kt/a硫酸装置HRS系统存在问题及解决措施

分析了600 kt/a硫酸装置HRS系统运行过程存在的问题,针对酸浓表显示不准、HRS入塔烟气温度测量偏高、稀释器破真空管道堵塞、给水泵频繁跳停、HRS卸酸泵泄漏等问题实施了针对性改造,提高了系统运行的安全性和稳定性。     

HRS系统在300kt/a硫磺制酸装置中的应用小结

介绍了云南云天化国际化工股份有限公司云峰分公司300 kt/a硫磺制酸装置转化干吸工序运行情况及HRS改造项目技术方案、项目实施情况。HRS改造项目保留原有一吸塔系统,并对相关工艺和设备进行了改造,以满足HRS系统生产要求。改造后硫酸装置运行稳定,各项工艺指标基本达到设计值,副产0.92 MPa低压饱和蒸汽0.575t/t。     

日本帮助美国扩建消毒剂生产装置

日产化学工业公司已与美国孟山都公司达成协议,这家日本公司将资助孟山都公司扩建其氯化异氰脲酸类消毒剂生产装置。这种消毒剂可用于游泳池和消毒室。日产化学工业公司美国子公司将每年从孟山都公司得到4000t消毒剂产品,作为对其投资的偿还。     

Microbial electrolysis cell as an emerging versatile technology: a review on its potential application,advance and challenge

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have been studied in a wide range of potential applications such as recalcitrant pollutants removal, chemicals synthesis, resources recovery and biosensors. However, MEC technology is still in its infancy and poses serious challenges for practical large-scale applications. To understand the diversified applications of MEC, this review aims to explore MEC applications in the following contexts: an overview of MEC for energy generation and recycling such as hydrogen, methane, formic acid and hydrogen peroxide; contaminant removal, specifically complex organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants; as a sensor; as well as resource recovery. New concepts of MEC technology; configuration optimization; electron transfer pathways in biocathodes, and coupling with other technologies for value-added applications such as MEC-anaerobic digestion, MEC-MFC, MEC-MDC and bio-E-Fenton system are discussed. Finally, challenges and outlooks are suggested. The review aims to assist researchers and engineers to understand the latest trends in MEC technologies and applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物电解池辅助CO2甲烷化阴极材料的研究进展

微生物电解池（microbial electrolysis cell,MEC）产甲烷技术是一种有望成为缓解能源危机与温室效应的重要新型途径。它以外界输入的较小电能为能量来源,以微生物为催化剂,在阳极通过分解有机物形成电子和质子;在阴极产生氢气和甲烷。近年来,MEC在反应器构型、阴极材料设计及电子转移途径、微生物群落结构组成等方面的研究取得了重要进展,寻找高效低价的阴极材料催化剂,实现MEC从概念到应用成为相关领域的研究热点。本文综述了MEC耦合厌氧消化系统产甲烷的工作原理和常见阴极材料的发展现状;分别对碳基阴极、金属基阴极及复合阴极的甲烷产率进行了阐述;系统介绍了不同阴极系统的电子传递方式、电化学特性、生物相容性、微生物群落结构组成等属性;讨论了各类电极的优缺点,并指出了今后的重点研究方向,以期为MEC耦合厌氧消化产甲烷技术的工程应用提供基础。     

Hyper-Rayleigh scattering of nanoscale CdS colloid and its formation process

Nanoscale CdS colloid has exhibited great second-order optical nonlinearities measured by hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) technique. Here a further study on electrolyte concentration dependence of HRS signal of nanoscale CdS colloid is carried out in order to exclude the possible contributions of some third-order nonlinear optical processes based on colloidal particle surface electric field and solvent field. Results show that the HRS signal remains unchanged with increasing electrolyte concentration, implying that the HRS signal arises indeed from second-order polarization (including bulk-like polarization and surface polarization) of CdS nanoparticles rather than the third-order processes. Furthermore, HRS signal variation during the formation of CdS colloid is studied for the first time. An obvious enhancement of HRS signal intensity is observed immediately once Cd²⁺ and S²⁻ ions are mixed. After that, HRS signal decreases toward a constant value with time. This is explained in terms of surface contribution due to large surface-to-volume atomic ratio for nanoparticles.     

微生物电解池产甲烷技术研究进展

微生物电解池（microbial electrolysis cell,MEC）产甲烷技术是以微生物为催化剂,利用外界输入的电能将CO₂或有机污染物转化为甲烷的新技术。MEC在实现CO₂处置与能量转化的同时,能够处理污水、污泥、沼渣等多种污染物并生产甲烷,具有能量转化率高、生产成本低、环境友好等特点,可望成为解决能源紧缺和环境破坏问题的重要途径之一。近年来,MEC在产甲烷生物阴极结构及电子传递途径、产甲烷微生物群落等方面得到了广泛关注,同时,MEC耦合厌氧消化或其他废水处理系统形成的产甲烷新技术也逐渐研发并成为研究热点。本文综述了产甲烷生物阴极、产甲烷微生物群落等方面的研究现状,介绍了MEC耦合厌氧消化或其他系统产甲烷新技术,总结并分析了MEC产甲烷技术的研究方向和实用化过程仍需解决的技术难题。     

改进的全息搜索策略及其在化工优化中的应用

引言 基于样本数据估计反应动力学参数是常见的化工优化问题.参数估计的通用规则是偏差最小化,许多经典的序贯类寻优方法都可用于这一目的,例如Powell共轭梯度法、模式搜索法、变度量法等.     

Evaluation of pre-treatment processes for HRS (hot rolled steel) in powder coating

Hot rolled steel (HRS) is used extensively in the automotive, agricultural and appliance industries. The corrosive response of HRS was investigated after it had been exposed to various surface treatments, prior to powder coating. The behaviour of three conversion coatings: zinc phosphate (ZnP), iron phosphate (FeP) and zirconium (Zr)-based nano-scaled, on HRS was studied. HRS is naturally covered with iron oxide scale and this was removed from the surface by mechanical and chemical processes, prior to the application of surface treatment and organic coatings. The following tests on differently treated panels were conducted to evaluate corrosion performance: adhesion tests such as, crosshatch, pull-off, and conical bending, SEM, XPS, salt spray and electro-chemical impedance studies were also performed. Good correlations were recorded showing that zinc phosphate conversion coating gave the best performance, and zirconium-based nano-structured conversion coating, was superior to that of iron phosphate conversion coatings on HRS.     

Fuzzy logic controller implementation on a microbial electrolysis cell for biohydrogen production and storage

This work presents the implementation of fuzzy logic control (FLC) on a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Hydrogen has been touted as a potential alternative source of energy to the depleting fossil fuels. MEC is one of the most extensively studied method of hydrogen production. The utilization of biowaste as its substrate by MEC promotes the waste to energy initiative. The hydrogen production within the MEC system, which involves microbial interaction contributes to the system’s nonlinearity. Taking into account of the high complexity of MEC system, a precise process control system is required to ensure a well-controlled biohydrogen production flow rate and storage application inside a tank. Proportional-derivative-integral (PID) controller has been one of the pioneer control loop mechanism. However, it lacks the capability to adapt properly in the presence of disturbance. An advanced process control mechanism such as the FLC has proven to be a better solution to be implemented on a nonlinear system due to its similarity in human-natured thinking. The performance of the FLC has been evaluated based on its implementation on the MEC system through various control schemes progressively. Similar evaluations include the performance of Proportional-Integral (PI) and PID controller for comparison purposes. The tracking capability of FLC is also accessed against another advanced controller that is the model predictive controller (MPC). One of the key findings in this work is that the FLC resulted in a desirable hydrogen output via MEC over the PI and PID controller in terms of shorter settling time and lesser overshoot.     

MFC-MEC耦合系统产电性能及处理含镉重金属废水的研究

以厌氧活性污泥为阳极菌种,乙酸钠为阳极底物,硫酸铜和重铬酸钾溶液为微生物燃料电池（MFC）阴极液,人工模拟含镉重金属废水为微生物电解池（MEC）阴极液,构建MFC-MEC耦合系统,利用MFC的产电驱动MEC运行,在不消耗外部能源的情况下,实现含镉重金属废水中Cd²⁺的去除。实验研究了MFC反应器容积、MFC堆栈、MEC电极材料、MEC阴极液pH对MFC-MEC耦合系统电性能及含镉重金属废水处理效果的影响。结果表明：MFC反应容积的扩大可以提高其产电性能,但与此同时会造成MFC的内阻升高,随着MFC容积的增加,MEC中Cd²⁺去除率逐渐增加,但同时MFC阴极Cr⁶⁺去除率逐渐下降;MFC堆栈可以提高工作组两端电压,串联时最大输出电压为1509 mV,Cd²⁺去除率为69.3%;以钛板作为MEC电极时,微生物能有效附着在阳极表面,MFC阳极COD去除率为85%,MEC中Cd²⁺去除率为51.5%;MEC阴极液pH在3~5时,有利于含镉重金属废水的处理,Cd²⁺去除率80%以上。经XRD分析,MEC阴极还原产物为CdCO₃。     

带HRS预转化工艺在烟气脱硫中的应用

介绍了高硫煤脱硫和制酸工艺的选择。高硫煤燃烧烟气采用有机胺法脱硫,解吸出的高浓度SO_2气体果用带HRS的预转化单吸制酸工艺加以处理。通过孟莫克预转化工艺、一转一吸工艺、带蒸汽喷射HRS工艺三位一体优化组合,使得制酸装置副产蒸汽量最大化、投资最小化进转化工序气体φ（SO_2）20.0%～22.0%较佳,HRS系统的吨酸...