厦门某海滨住宅夏季自然通风与室内热环境实测与分析

本文采用自动记录仪,对厦门某海滨住宅夏季自然通风与室内热环境进行实测。根据测得的自然通风时段,分析了自然通风对房间风速及室内热环境的影响。主要结论有:(1)在自然通风条件下,房间白天室内风速均值及波动值较夜间大。(2)房间在自然通风时段,室内气温均值略低于室外,室内气温波动明显低于室外且各房间气温波动差别不大;房间在非自然通风时段,室内气温均值与室外气温相当,室温变化相当平缓。(3)无论是自然通风还是非自然通风,房间的黑球温度与室内空气温度差别很小。(4)当房间处于非自然通风状态时,室内热环境总是处于"不可接受"水平,当房间处于自然通风状态时,其室内热环境几乎全时段达到"可接受"水平,且有的房间在某些时段可达到"热舒适"水平。     

上海某旧式里弄住宅自然通风状况

本文以上海某典型旧式里弄住宅为例,采用计算流体力学CFD模拟技术中的Fluent计算软件,得出上海夏季典型气候条件下,不同房间风速和热舒适性指标的大小及分布情况,并对自然通风的效果进行量化,通过对旧式里弄住宅自然通风情况下室内热舒适环境状况分析研究,为现代建筑的节能设计提供参考。     

基于CFD模拟的住宅自然通风开口模式优化策略研究

良好的室内自然通风是健康住宅的基础,调研发现诸多户型设计中的自然通风开口模式有待优化.本文基于建成住宅现状和居住者日常生理需求分析了住宅开口模式存在的主要问题.针对现状问题选取典型户型,依据户型中不同的房间格局特点设定5种类型相对应12种开口工况,运用CFD模拟和比较研究的方法,通过不同开口工况下的风速和空气龄比较评价...     

福建南平高层住宅夏季室内热环境与通风实测分析

通过对福建南平某一高层住宅夏季室内热环境与通风实测,全面评价了该住宅夏季室内热环境的状况,在此基础上讨论了通风对室内热舒适的影响。实测分析结果表明：（1）该住宅在夏季时段室内风速较小,室内风速大于等于0.2m/s（即一般情况下的风感阈值）的情况,无论主卧室或者客厅均达不到50%;（2）该住宅夏季时段在完全自然通风条件下...     

昆明地区夏季居住建筑室内热环境测试及热舒适调查

对昆明市200户住宅夏季室内热环境参数进行了实测,并进行了现场问卷调查。分析了室内温度、相对湿度、风速、人员服装热阻的分布频率,统计得出了昆明地区住宅夏季室内热环境及人体热舒适的基本情况,并分析了室内热环境改善措施。调查发现,昆明市居民夏季普遍通过开窗进行自然通风以降低室内温度,在非空调条件下约有90%的居民的热感觉在舒适范围内。     

严寒地区某公寓自然通风效果模拟分析

本文以某典型公寓建筑作为研究对象,用DeST对其自然通风进行模拟,分析严寒地区建筑的自然通风节能潜力,得出严寒地区自然通风潜力较大时间段,计算出自然通风有效性。应用DeST分别计算出过渡季节开窗与不开窗条件下的耗冷量,得出自然通风节能率。为了验证上述结论,用Airpak对典型时间、典型房间室内温度场、风速场、PMV分布进行模拟。     

基于CFD的村镇住宅利用天井自然通风研究

通过CFD技术模拟天井对一种村镇住宅的自然通风效果。通过模拟不同风速、风向,其结果显示:天井为背风面房间的自然通风提供有利条件;建筑朝向以及外界风向对天井的通风效果有着较大的影响。同时,结合杭州气象条件,通过对有无导流构造的通风模拟,可以看出导流构造对于天井通风的影响。最后得出,结合恰当的建筑朝向以及适当的导流构造如老虎窗、一定外形的屋面等,结合天井,可有效改善住宅的自然通风状况。     

自然通风与室内自由温度保障率效果分析

提出自由温度保障率概念,以此衡量各种被动式手段对建筑热舒适性的贡献率及空调开启时间的减少,并量化自然通风在住宅建筑中的效果。以南京一典型居住建筑为例,采用DeST软件模拟了该建筑在自然通风及非自然通风下南北向卧室在5月1日到10月31日期间的室内逐时自由温度。在此基础上进行了自然通风对住宅建筑能耗的影响分析。分析得出：①在进行适当的自然通风之后,房间最高温度降幅可达2.13℃,平均温度降低3.79℃。②自然通风可以显著提高房间的自由温度保障率。     

万科住宅产业化样板房自然通风效果的实验研究

采用CO_2示踪气体浓度衰减法,对万科产业化住宅某一典型户型的自然通风进行实验研究,以空气龄为评价指标,实验结果表明在风压作用下风速和风频、窗户开口情况对住宅自然通风舒适性的影响,并进一步分析户型的布局,优化设计。最后总结了此实验方法在自然通风研究方面的其他用途。     

自然通风条件下室内多区域空气流动分析

基于计算流体力学方法,应用Fluent软件,建立了缩尺建筑模拟仓的计算模型,对室内自然通风情况进行模拟研究。探讨了不同开窗方式、入口风速对室内自然通风速度场影响,发现全开放通风比单边通风的效果更好,且房间通风效果随着入口风速的增大趋于良好。通过对室内气流组织的研究,可以为建筑设计人员提供参考。     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。