热毒宁注射剂治疗小儿呼吸道感染伴发热的临床观察

目的评估热毒宁注射剂在临床上用于治疗小儿呼吸道感染的发热、咳嗽等临床表现的疗效及安全性。方法共93例呼吸道感染患儿,随机分为治疗组(热毒宁注射剂)和对照组(病毒唑注射剂),观察两组治疗1、2、3天发热、咳嗽评分及综合评分。结果治疗组治疗后发热、咳嗽的有效率及缩短上述临床表现持续时间优于对照组(P<0.05),且无不良反应和毒副作用。结论热毒宁注射剂治疗3天后对于改善呼吸道感染的发热、咳嗽、咽痛等症状效果显著优于病毒唑,且安全性良好。     

痰热清注射液治疗小儿呼吸道感染的疗效研究

目的探讨痰热清注射液治疗小儿呼吸道感染(URI)的疗效。方法选取2007年1月至2008年1月间在我院住院的URI患儿80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组采用抗生素、止咳化痰以及病毒唑等西药常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用痰热清注射液治疗。结果治疗组在退热时间、咳嗽消失时间、咽痛消失时间、扁桃体红肿消失时间及外周血WBC恢复时间方面明显早于对照组,两者比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组总有效率为95.00%,对照组为70.00%,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组均未出现明显的治疗副作用。结论痰热清注射液治疗小儿呼吸道感染能明显提高疗效,安全性好,值得推广应用。     

热毒宁注射液辅佐治疗急性肺炎疗效观察

目的观察热毒宁注射液辅佐治疗急性肺炎的临床疗效。方法将成年患者158例随机分为两组,对照组128例按常规经验性选择抗菌素治疗,观察组130例在常规治疗的基础上加用热毒宁注射液滴注。两组均治疗7d。结果观察组总疗效及改善情况均优于对照组。结论热毒宁注射液辅佐治疗急性肺炎肺炎有良好的疗效。     

头孢噻肟钠联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎68例临床观察

目的观察头孢噻肟钠联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的临床疗效。方法随机将130例CAP患者分为两组,治疗组68例给予头孢噻肟钠3.0溶于0.9%氯化钠注射液100mL中滴注,2次/d,阿奇霉素0.25g溶于5%葡萄糖注射液或0.9%氯化钠注射液250mL中滴注,1次/d;对照组62例,给予头孢噻肟钠3.0溶于0.9%氯化钠注射液100mL中滴注,2次/d,两组疗程均为7～14d。观察两组的临床疗效、细菌清除率。结果总有效率治疗组为97.1%,对照组83.8%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);细菌清除率治疗组为93.48%,对照组为76.74%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论头孢噻肟钠联合阿奇霉素治疗CAP疗效高,值得临床推广。     

血塞通注射液治疗老年急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察血塞通注射液治疗老年急性脑梗死(ACI)的疗效及安全性。方法 46例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组各23例。2组均给予拜阿司匹林。治疗组采用血塞通注射液静滴,对照组加用冠心宁注射液,疗程均为14d。结果治疗组改善神经功能缺损评分及生活能力评分均优于对照组(P<0.05);对血液流变学的作用亦优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血塞通注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效优于冠心宁注射液。     

酚妥拉明辅助治疗小儿支气管肺炎156例临床分析

目的观察酚拉明治疗小儿支气管肺炎的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的支气管肺炎患儿312例采用数字表法随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组156例。2组患儿均给予氧气、镇静、激素、抗生素等对症治疗。治疗组在此基础上给予酚妥拉明0.3～0.5mg/(kg·次)加入5%葡萄糖溶液100～250mL中静脉滴注,每日1次,连用3～5d。结果治疗后症状显效率治疗组为54.49%,对照组为37.18%,2组比较差异有显著差异(P<0.05)。总有效率治疗组为88.46%,对照组为71.79%。2组比较差异有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗组咳嗽持续时间、咳痰持续时间、啰音完全消失时间、住院时间明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论酚妥拉明辅助治疗小儿支气管肺炎可明显提高疗效,可明显缩短咳嗽持续时间、咳痰持续时间、啰音完全消失时间、住院时间。     

参麦注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛88例临床分析

目的观察参麦注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法选择冠心病心绞痛患者88例,随机分为治疗组与对照组。治疗组给予静点参麦注射液,对照组给予静点灯盏花注射液。心绞痛发作时均给予含服硝酸甘油等治疗。结果临床综合疗效,治疗组有效率98.00%,对照组有效率89.47%,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论参麦注射液可以作为临床治疗冠心病心绞痛的较为安全有效的药物。     

痰热清联合洛美沙星治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期疗效观察

目的探讨痰热清联合洛美沙星治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床疗效。方法81例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组均给予洛美沙星等治疗,治疗组在此基础上给予痰热清注射液20mL静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程均为2周。结果治疗组有效率90.70%高于对照组的73.68%,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论痰热清联合洛美沙星治疗老年AECOPD,作用显著,疗效可靠。     

156例治疗小儿急性喉炎疗效观察

目的 观察布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉炎的疗效。方法 通过随机分组156例患儿分为观察组(80例)和对照组(76例),观察组给予雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液,对照组加用全身肾上腺皮质激素,吸入生理盐水,2组其他治疗相同,比较2组治疗后症状、体征持续时间。结果 观察组的疗效与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 雾化吸入布地奈德治疗小儿急性喉炎能有效缩短病程,改善缺氧,减少心力衰竭的发生。     

中西医结合治疗小儿支气管肺炎65例临床分析

目的探讨中西医结合治疗小儿支气管肺炎的方法及临床疗效。方法将130例小儿支气管肺炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各65例,对照组采用纯西医疗法,观察组在对照组的基础上加用中药痰热清注射液,比较2组临床疗效及不良反应。结果观察组总有效率95.4%,对照组总有效率78.5%,2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗期间,2组均未见明显不良反应。结论中西医结合治疗小儿支气管肺炎疗效确切,安全无副作用,值得临床推广应用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。