氯化铁催化合成苯乙酸异丁酯

作者在研究羧酸酯化法中曾发现氯化铁是良好的催化剂［１］。氯化铁易得,无毒性污染。本文探讨了氯化铁对苯乙酸和异丁醇直接酯化的催化作用,效果良好。Ｃ６Ｈ５ＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ＋（ＣＨ３）２ＣＨＣＨ２ＯＨＦｅＣｌ３→Ｃ６Ｈ５ＣＨ２ＣＯＯＣＨ２ＣＨ（ＣＨ３）２＋Ｈ...     

三氯化铁催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

本文报道了三氯化铁（FeCl3·6H2O）在肉桂酸和甲醇酯化反应中的应用，探讨了肉桂酸甲酯的合成条件．结果表明，三氯化铁的催化活性比硫酸好．     

微波法合成木薯淀粉马来酸酐酯

在微波辐照的条件下,以马来酸酐为原料与木薯淀粉发生酯化反应合成马来酸淀粉酯。研究反应温度、反应时间、吡啶和酸酐用量对取代度的影响。实验表明：当淀粉用量为5．00g,马来酸酐用量0．45（n／n0）,吡啶用量0．3（mL／g）,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为5min时,可以快速得到取代度为0．189的酯化产物,FTIR谱图验证了马来酸淀粉酯的结构。     

氯化铁的催化活性及其机理的探讨

报道了氯化铁在Ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌ－Ｃｒａｆｔｓ反应，酯化、酯交换、合成缩醛（或缩酮）、片呐重排和氧化反应中的应用并探讨了其反应机理。     

氯化铁催化合成肉桂酸环己酯

研究了氯化铁催化下肉桂酸和环己醇的酯化作用,得出优惠条件是：酸醇比为１∶１０（ｍｏｌ）,催化剂用量为０．１８５ｍｏｌ（对１ｍｏｌ肉桂酸）,反应时间２．０ｈ,肉桂酸转化率为７３．４％。     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

研究了以固体超强酸SO∧2-4/TiO2/La∧3 为催化剂,马来酸和异戊醇为原料合成马来酸二异戊酯,并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,醇酸摩尔比为4.0：1,催化剂用量为1.0g（在马来酸用量为0.1mol的情况下）,带水剂甲苯为15mL,反应时间为3.0h是最适宜的反应条件,酯化率达98.2。     

二氢月桂烯醇与马来酸酐酯化反应的研究

利用一端含双键、一端含羟基的二氢月桂烯醇与马来酸酐进行酯化反应得到一种新型的两亲性单体。实验中考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、酸醇比对酯化反应的影响,得到了最佳的单酯化反应条件。实验表明：催化剂的加入利于双酯化;不加催化剂,n（马来酸酐）：n（二氢月桂烯醇）=1．05：1．0,温度为110℃下只发生单酯化反应,反应6h后,二氢月桂烯醇马来酸单酯的产率可以达到80％以上。利用红外光谱分析表征了产物的结构,证明合成产物为目标产物。     

稀土固体超强酸SO^2—4／TiO2／La^3＋催化合成马来酸二丁酯

以固体超强酸ＳＯ＾２－４／ＴｉＯ２／Ｌａ＾３＋为催化剂,马来酸和正丁醇为原料合成马来酸二丁酯,考察了影响反应的因素,结果表明：ｎ（醇）：ｎ（酸）＝４．０：１,催化剂用量为１．０ｇ;带水剂甲苯为１５ｍＬ;反应时间为３．０ｈ是最的反应条件,酯化率达９７．４％。     

硅钨杂多酸催化合成马来酸（2—2乙基己基）酯的研究

以硅钨杂多酸（HWSI）为催化剂，以顺丁烯二酸酐与仲辛醇为原料催化合成马来酸（2－2乙基己基）酯，研究了酯化和磺化反应中催化剂的用量，反应时间，醇酸摩尔比对反应的影响，催化剂能使用多，催化效果均好。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成马来酸二丁酯的研究

研究了以硫酸氢钠为催化剂，马来酸和正丁醇为原料合成马来酸二丁酯，并考察了影响反应的因素，结果表明，醇酸摩尔比3：1，催化剂用量0．3g(马来酸为0.05mol的情况下），反应时间1.0h是最适宜的反应条件，酯化率达98．2％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。