常压催化氢化法合成2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇新工艺

研究了在常压条件下,以２,２,６,６－四甲基－４－哌啶酮（简称哌啶酮）为原料,使用塔式反应器和双组分溶剂合成２,２,６,６－四甲基－４－哌啶醇（简称哌啶醇）的一种新工艺。在适宜条件下,产品收率大于９８．０８％,纯度为９９％。     

固体超强酸ZrO2-SO42-催化合成核黄素四乙酸酯

对固体超强酸ＺｒＯ_２－ＳＯ_４~（２－）催化合成核黄素四乙酸酯进行了研究。核黄素与乙酸酐摩尔比１：４０,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的８．０％,反应温度８０℃,反应时间２．５ｈ,核黄素四乙酸酯产率可达７６．９％。ＺｒＯ_２ＳＯ_４~￣（２-）催化活性高于ＴｉＯ_２－ＳＯ_４~（２－）和Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３－,ＳＯ_４~（２－）ＺｒＯ_２在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ_２ ＳＯ_４中浸渍 ２４ｈ,６００℃焙烧 ３ｈ催化活性最高。     

4-羟基-6甲基-1,3,3a,7-四氮茚的离解常数和其银盐溶度积的测定

自１９３５年Ｂｉｒ［１］发现４－羟基－６－甲基－１,３,３ａ,７－四氮茚（ＴＡＩ）作为乳剂稳定剂以来,许多人对ＴＡＩ的性质和其用途进行了相关的研究．如Ｇ．Ｐ．ＦＡＥＲＭＡＮ［２］等人利用ＴＡＩ作为防灰雾剂;Ｉ．Ｈ．Ｌｅｕｂｎｅｒ［３］等人利用ＴＡＩ作...     

自旋标记物──4-氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基的新合成方法

４－氨基－２，２，６，６－四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基化合物的一种新的全合成方法。采用卤化、氨化的方法。     

4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶非均相催化氧化动力学研究

在搅拌釜式间歇反应器中研究了以负载Ｍｇ２＋的ＨＤ－８型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂的 ４－ＯＨ－ＴＭＰ非均相氧化反应动力学。探讨了该反应的反应机理,推导出４－ＯＨ－ＴＭＰ催化氧化动力学方程。其速度方程可表示为ｒ＝ｋＣＡＣＢ。从实验中得到反应活化能 Ｅａ＝５０．９６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,反应速率常数 ｋ＝８．５２×１０３ｅｘｐ（－５０．９６／ＲＴ）,反应速率常数与催化剂用量之间的关系为ｋ＝３８．６＋６．１９ｗ－０．６４ｗ２。     

2,14-二氧代-5,5,11,11-四硝基-3,7,9,13-四氧杂十五烷的合成与性能研究

以双（２,２,２－三硝基乙基）缩甲醛为原料,经脱硝反应、Ｈｅｎｒｙ反应和酯化反应,合成了一种新的化合物——含偕二硝基的羧酸酯,即２,１４－二氧代－５,５,１１,１１－四硝基－３,７,９,１３－四氧杂十五烷（ＤＴＴ）。其密度为１．５７ｇ／ｃｍ３,熔点为６０．５～６１．０℃,撞击感度低,热分解放热峰高达２６６．３℃,可望作为高能量密度材料的含能添加剂。     

4-甲基-2-环戊基苯腈和1-氰基-4-甲基-1,-二环戊基-2,-环已二烯的合成

本文在进行对甲基苯腈与溴代环戊烷的烷基化反应同时，发现有特殊的烷基加成反应发生，得到两种新化合物４－甲基－２－环戊基苯腈和１－氰基－４－甲基－１．４－二环戊基－２．５－环己二烯，并对比结构进行了鉴定．     

CaSO4—H3PO4—H2SO4—H2O四元系统及其应用（下）

ＣａＳＯ４－Ｈ３ＰＯ４－Ｈ２ＳＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ四元系统及其应用（下）吴佩芝（上海天山路４６８弄９号３０４室２０００５１）中图分类号ＴＱ１２６．３５３四元系统在二水物流程中的应用〔１〕ＣａＳＯ４－Ｈ３ＰＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ三元系统研究的结果指出：形成二水物硫酸钙的...     

5,10,15,20-四-(4-N,N,N-二甲基十六烷基氨基苯基)卟啉LB膜结构的研究

研究了两亲性卟啉５,１０,１５,２０－四－（４－Ｎ,Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲基十六烷基氨基苯基）卟啉（ＴＤＭＣ１６ＰＰ）在气／液界面上的成膜性能,制备了其多层ＬＢ膜．用ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ吸收光谱、荧光光谱、偏振ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ吸收光谱和小角Ｘ射线衍射对ＬＢ膜进行了测试表征．结果表明：两亲性卟啉ＴＤＭＣ１６ＰＰ具有良好的成膜性能,其ＬＢ膜性质稳定,有较好的结构均匀性和周期性．在ＬＢ膜内,脂肪链并不是直立的,卟啉大环平面与基片平面成４２．５°排列．     

Cationic ring-opening polymerization of spirophosphorane, 5-phenyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5-phosphaspiro[4,4]nonane

Summary This paper reports new cationic ring-opening polymerization of a spirophosphorane, 5-phenyl-1, 4, 6, 9-tetraoxa-5-phosphaspiro (4, 4) nonane, 1. The polymerization of 1. was induced by cationic initiators such as methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (MeOTf), BF₃·OEt₂, and Et₃O⁺-BF₄ ^– to give polymer 2 consisting of two different units, 2a and 2b. During the reaction cyclic phosphonate 3 and 1,4-dioxane were simultaneously produced. The formation of unit 2b is considered to be due mainly to the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.