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米面制品是人类基本食品之一,老化是影响米面制品品质一个主要问题。该文阐述米面制品老化机理及其影响因素,和有关抑制米面制品老化最新研究进展,对米面制品开发具有一定参考意义。 相似文献
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2018年广东省米面制品、淀粉及其制品中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的调查分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 调查分析2018年广东省米面制品、淀粉及其制品中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种。方法 在广东省中选取粉丝粉条、河粉米粉等米面制品、淀粉及其制品的企业、超市、农贸市场及餐饮单位为采样点, 随机抽取1570份样品按照GB/T 4789.29-2003《食品卫生微生物学检验 椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种检验》进行检验和VITEK2鉴定。结果 1570份样品中5份检出唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌, 其中只有1份检出椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种, 检出率为0.06%(1/1570)。结论 米面制品、淀粉及其制品中检出唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌, 表明广东省米面制品、淀粉及其制品中存在被椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染风险。为最大限度降低或消除风险隐患, 相关部门应加强安全监管, 保障人民群众身体健康和饮食安全。 相似文献
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谷物制品在储藏过程中易发生老化现象,老化后的谷物制品表现为失水干燥、质地硬化、风味丧失,其中馒头、面包易掉渣,面条、米线易断条,严重影响产品的货架期及食用品质。针对谷物制品易老化的问题,本文综述了谷物制品老化机理的研究进展,包括淀粉回生、水分迁移与再分布;总结了食品成分及环境条件等因素对谷物制品老化的影响;同时对谷物制品老化调控技术以及调控机理进行了总结和分析。旨在为谷物制品的老化控制提供一定的参考,对我国谷物制品产业的发展提供一定的帮助。 相似文献
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对于任何一种淀粉食品来说,淀粉的老化问题,是关系到生产工艺、产品质量、产品的贮藏和食用的重大问题。一般淀粉制品在生产和食用品质上是不希望淀粉老化的。然而,粉丝的生产工艺和食用品质正是有效地利用了淀粉的老化机理,而得到粉丝特有的品质。下面就淀粉的老化特性,及其在粉丝生产工艺上的应用谈一些粗浅的看法:一、淀粉的老化机理和产生的因素:淀粉的老化是淀粉在高温下与水形成淀粉糊,当温度降低后,失去均匀的胶体结构, 相似文献
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黏性米制品在储藏过程中会发生一系列的老化现象, 如质地硬化、弹性减小和风味丧失, 这是其在运输、储存和销售时不可避免的难题。本文以提升黏性米制品的品质为出发点, 针对目前黏性米制食品的微生物霉变、水分迁移、淀粉老化带来的产业化难题提出改进方案。从微生物多样性和淀粉改性方向总结黏性米制品的发展现状和研究进展, 归纳了目前直投发酵剂的制备、更高效的抗老化剂及新型老化调控技术等研究方向, 并对未来开发即食型、预烤型和预制型黏性米制品做出了展望。 相似文献
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基于淀粉结构和老化机制,阐述了外源性组分对淀粉老化的影响;同时,从宏观和分子水平上对检测淀粉老化的热分析、光谱分析、显微成像等技术进行了综述.指出:淀粉的老化过程受非淀粉类碳水化合物、盐、蛋白质、脂质等外源性组分的影响,但由于淀粉类食品构成成分复杂,各组分在储存过程中均可能与淀粉分子发生相互作用,且简单的模型体系无法替... 相似文献
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Shujun Wang Caili Li Les Copeland Qing Niu Shuo Wang 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2015,14(5):568-585
Starch retrogradation is a process in which disaggregated amylose and amylopectin chains in a gelatinized starch paste reassociate to form more ordered structures. Starch retrogradation has been the subject of intensive research over the last 50 years, mainly due to its detrimental effect on the sensory and storage qualities of many starchy foods. However, starch retrogadation is desirable for some starchy food products in terms of textural and nutritional properties. To better understand the effect of starch retrogradation on the quality of starchy foods, measurement methods of starch retrogradation and factors that influence starch retrogradation have been studied extensively. This article provides a comprehensive review of starch retrogradation including the definition of the process, molecular mechanisms of how it occurs, and measurement methods and factors that influence starch retrogradation. The review also discusses the effect of retrogradation on the in vitro enzyme digestibility of starch. Spectroscopic methods such as FTIR and Raman are considered to be very promising in characterizing starch retrogradation at a molecular level, although more studies are needed in the future. 相似文献
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板栗淀粉的消化和回生性能制约着板栗食品产业发展,合理选择食品加工方法调控板栗淀粉的消化和回生性能对开发高品质营养健康的板栗食品具有重要意义。本文探究了普鲁兰酶酶解及耦合湿热处理对板栗淀粉的消化率、长期回生和多尺度结构的影响。结果显示,酶解处理增加了板栗淀粉的直链淀粉含量,改变了淀粉链长分布,提高了淀粉短程有序结构和结晶结构,从而降低了淀粉消化率;进一步的湿热处理促进淀粉链相互作用,提高了淀粉短程有序结构、结晶结构和纳米聚集体结构,导致了更低的淀粉消化率。在储存过程中,由于酶解导致更短的A链增加及易于重排的B1链降低,使得淀粉形成的结晶结构和纳米聚集体结构较少,从而降低了淀粉的回生程度;湿热处理促进了A链分子与其他分子的相互作用,加剧抑制淀粉分子重排程度,导致回生程度继续降低。因此,酶解耦合湿热处理可作为一种有效的调控淀粉消化和回生性能的方法,促进慢消化和低回生度板栗淀粉食品的开发。 相似文献
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淀粉是大米中的主要成分,其回生程度直接影响大米制品的品质与货架期。该研究将属于多酚类化合物的二氢杨梅素(Dihydromyricetin,DMY)添加到大米淀粉中,研究不同添加量的DMY与大米淀粉的相互作用以及DMY对大米淀粉的溶解度、膨胀度、回生焓值、微观结构的影响,以期改善大米淀粉的回生特性。结果表明,随着二氢杨梅素的添加,大米淀粉的溶解度从4.49%增加至12.83%,膨胀度11.41%降至10.12%;淀粉表面由原来的紧密结构变化为疏松多孔结构;红外光谱1 047 cm-1/1 022 cm-1的比值从0.87降至0.78。较未添加的DMY的大米淀粉相比,低浓度的DMY已经显著影响大米淀粉回生特性。当DMY的添加量为5%时,大米淀粉的回生焓值、回生率以及相对结晶度分别下降了68.75%、71.86%、59.07%。总体而言,二氢杨梅素可以抑制大米淀粉的回生。因此,在淀粉制品加工时,可考虑添加DMY来调控淀粉基食品的回生现象。 相似文献
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研究了黑豆皮乙醇提取物(Ethanol Extract of Black Soybean Coats, EBSC)对大米淀粉的透明度、老化度、溶解度和膨胀度、凝胶强度、糊化和回生的热力学性质以及体外消化性能的影响。结果表明:EBSC的添加会导致大米淀粉的透明度增加,在第0 d时,与对照组相比,添加2.5%的EBSC的大米淀粉的透明度提高了22.29%;EBSC可显著提高大米淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度,与对照组相比,添加10%EBSC的大米淀粉溶解度和膨胀度分别提高了约2.7倍和2倍;与对照组相比,EBSC的添加对大米淀粉的老化具有抑制作用,添加量为2.5%时,抑制效果较为显著(P<0.05);EBSC的添加导致了大米淀粉的糊化焓值、回生焓值、回生率均下降,且EBSC的添加量为10%时,与对照组相比,大米淀粉的糊化焓值、回生焓值、回生率分别下降了46.98%,48.37%和15.85%。此外,EBSC的添加,可导致大米淀粉中的RDS含量下降,SDS和RS的含量增加。因此,大米淀粉中添加EBSC,可改善大米及其大米淀粉类产品的加工性能、感官品质并延长产品的货架期。 相似文献
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老化对淀粉的生理效价和生物降解具有决定性作用,糊化淀粉在存放过程中,淀粉分子发生自组,其直链淀粉及支链淀粉的直线部分趋向于平行排列,从无定形态回复到晶体态,出现老化现象,会导致淀粉基生物材料产品的品质和性能大幅降低。本课题对直链淀粉含量、水分含量及乳化剂种类对糯质小麦淀粉老化特性的影响进行研究,比较乳化剂对糯质小麦淀粉及普通小麦淀粉老化特性影响的异同。结果表明:直链淀粉的含量、水分含量都与糊化淀粉的老化程度呈正相关。直链淀粉的含量是决定淀粉老化程度的最主要因素,乳化剂与淀粉分子相互作用形成稳定的复合物,减缓了淀粉的老化。同时乳化剂的复配能一定程度地加强抗老化的效果。总体上讲,糯质小麦淀粉的各种良好的理化特性,使其在淀粉基生物材料抗老化上有更好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Gabrielle Scott Joseph M. Awika 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2023,22(3):2081-2111
Starch retrogradation is a consequential part of food processing that greatly impacts the texture and acceptability of products containing both starch and proteins, but the effect of proteins on starch retrogradation has only recently been explored. With the increased popularity of plant-based proteins in recent years, incorporation of proteins into starch-based products is more commonplace. These formulation changes may have unforeseen effects on ingredient functionality and sensory outcomes of starch-containing products during storage, which makes the investigation of protein–starch interactions and subsequent impact on starch retrogradation and product quality essential. Protein can inhibit or promote starch retrogradation based on its exposed residues. Charged residues promote charge–dipole interactions between starch-bound phosphate and protein, hydrophobic groups restrict amylose release and reassociation, while hydrophilic groups impact water/molecular mobility. Covalent bonds (disulfide linkages) formed between proteins may enhance starch retrogradation, while glycosidic bonds formed between starch and protein during high-temperature processing may limit starch retrogradation. With these protein–starch interactions in mind, products can be formulated with proteins that enhance or delay textural changes in starch-containing products. Future work to understand the impact of starch–protein interactions on retrogradation should focus on integrating the fields of proteomics and carbohydrate chemistry. This interdisciplinary approach should result in better methods to characterize mechanisms of interaction between starch and proteins to optimize their food applications. This review provides useful interpretations of current literature characterizing the mechanistic effect of protein on starch retrogradation. 相似文献
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从凝胶化淀粉短程有序性的角度研究了高水分含量下淀粉在储藏过程中的回生行为。结果表明,在高水分含量下,短时间(1天)回生并未检测到晶体结构的形成,但是非晶态凝胶化淀粉的短程有序性结构有所增加。延长回生时间至7天,淀粉形成了明显的晶体结构;进一步延长回生时间,淀粉的回生程度继续增加。低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)和磁共振成像(MRI)分析发现,在回生过程中,游离水会从高水分含量的淀粉凝胶中分离出来。综上,得出结论:高水分含量下,凝胶化淀粉在短期储藏期间并不能形成晶体结构,但是其短程有序性程度会增加,随着回生时间的延长,会形成明显的晶体结构。 相似文献
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A new physical modification applied to prevent the retrogradation of rice flour and rice starch was investigated. This study examined the retrogradation properties of treated rice flour or rice starch paste by three stirring or heating-stirring, or without. The results proved that the retrogradations of rice flour and rice starch were both not substantially affected by three stirring modifications. However, three heating-stirring treatments had a marked effect on retarding the retrogradation of rice flour, but did not affect that of isolated rice starch. In the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, modified rice flour by three heating-stirring exhibited the lowest retrogradation enthalpy (3.04 J/g dry matter) as compared to the control RF (5.93 J/g dry matter) and by three stirring (5.08 J/g dry matter). Meantime, it had almost the least recrystallization of retrogradation by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was also found through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that the granule structure of this modified rice flour had a more honeycomb-like structure and the lowest crystallinity as compared to the others. 相似文献