双水相分离与超声提取耦合法从葡萄籽中提取抗氧化活性物质研究

利用丙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系与超声耦合法时葡萄籽中抗氧化活性物质进行提取分离.结果表明,该法可有效地从葡萄籽中提取抗氧化活性物质,提取物具有良好的抗氧化活性;提取物对光照核黄素超氧阴离子自由基和Fenton反应羟自由基的清除率分别为75.0%和92.0%,对卵磷脂脂质过氧化物的抑制率为74.5%.该法提取物的抗氧化活性高于乙醇、乙酸乙酯回流提取法提取物的抗氧化活性.该法操作简便、条件温和、环境友好.     

葡萄籽多酚化合物抗氧化能力与抗癌细胞增殖活性的评价

目的:探讨葡萄鲜果及酿酒皮渣中葡萄籽提取物中的酚类化合物含量,抗氧化特性及对癌细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法:乙醇法提取葡萄籽中多酚化合物,分光光度计法测定三大酚类化合物参数(总酚、类黄酮类、黄烷-3-醇类)及3种抗氧化性能参数(DPPH及ABTS自由基清除能力,FRAP分析)。体外培养肝癌细胞HepG2,建立细胞模型,不同浓度的提取物作用于癌细胞后,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT法)检测多酚提取物对癌细胞增殖的抑制作用。结果:不同样品葡萄籽所含酚类化合物、抗氧化性能、抗癌细胞增殖能力均不同,酿酒皮渣的葡萄籽中仍含有大量的多酚化合物,其中欧亚种赤霞珠鲜果及酿酒皮渣中葡萄籽所含酚类化合物、抗氧化能力及抗癌细胞增殖活性高于圆叶葡萄Noble鲜果及酿酒皮渣。结论:葡萄鲜果与酿酒皮渣中的葡萄籽多酚化合物具有抗氧化能力及抗癌细胞增殖活性。     

葡萄籽提取物作为肉制品保鲜剂的研究进展

天然提取的食品保鲜剂越来越受到人们的关注,葡萄籽提取物含有大量多酚类物质,具有抗氧化和抗菌活性,能够降低肉制品中脂质氧化,抑制有害微生物的生长。文中主要介绍葡萄籽提取物的保鲜机理及其在肉制品保鲜中的应用。     

3种黑色粮油作物种皮提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

从总抗氧化力、还原能力、清除DPPH自由基能力和抗油脂氧化能力四个方面研究了黑米提取物、黑大豆提取物和黑玉米提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,3种黑色粮油作物种皮提取物均有一定程度的抗氧化活性,四个方面的抗氧化活性实验均显示抗氧化强弱顺序为黑大豆提取物>黑米提取物>黑玉米提取物,其中黑大豆提取物清除DPPH自由基能力及在花生油体系中的抗油脂氧化能力均高于Vc。     

葡萄籽提取物抗氧化功能的实验研究

目的研究葡萄籽提取物的抗氧化功能。方法以SPF级雄性昆明种小鼠为实验动物,根据小鼠体重随机分为5组,每组10只,分别是空白组、模型组和低、中、高3个剂量组,空白组和模型组每天经口给予溶剂植物油,剂量组每天经口给予葡萄籽提取物,连续灌胃30 d,取血测抗氧化酶活性。此后除空白对照外,各组射线全身一次性照射5～8 Gy 60Coγ,照射后第4天处死动物,取肝组织测过氧脂质含量和抗氧化酶活性,比较各剂量组与模型组的差别。结果经口给予小鼠葡萄籽提取物30 d,高、中剂量组小鼠血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及高剂量组小鼠血中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和肝组织中GSH-Px、SOD活性均明显高于模型组,各剂量组小鼠肝中丙二醛(MDA)水平均明显低于模型组。结论葡萄籽提取物有降脂质过氧化的作用,有抗氧化功能。     

苦丁茶提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本文以苦丁茶冬青为研究对象,通过对苦丁茶提取物中的多酚类、黄酮类及生物碱类进行还原力、抗脂质体过氧化活性和过氧化氢清除率的测定,与BHT、TBHQ对比来分析苦丁茶提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,苦丁茶提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

苹果多酚体外抗氧化作用的研究

介绍了苹果多酚的超声波提取方法,并通过DPPH法和2-脱氧-D-核糖法研究了苹果提取物的抗氧化性能。结果表明,苹果多酚清除DPPH自由基速度快,其抗氧化能力可与葡萄籽多酚相媲美。研究了其清除DPPH自由基的动力学性质,并与茶多酚、葡萄籽多酚、BHT比较其抗氧化能力。同时,通过2-脱氧-D-核糖法可以看出在一定浓度范围内,苹果提取物有很强的抗氧化能力,其最佳浓度范围为8~10mg/mL,此外,苹果提取物及葡萄籽提取物清除羟基自由基(·OH)的效果远远高于茶多酚。     

葡萄籽提取物对葵花籽油抗氧化活性的研究

研究葡萄籽提取物对葵花籽油的抗氧化性能,实验证实葡萄籽提取物对油脂氧化有很好的抑制作用。在油脂中葡萄籽提取物的抗氧化性强于Vc、VE,预示其在粮油食品中具有广阔的应用前景。     

葡萄籽提取物生理活性及其提取研究

葡萄籽提取物具有多种生理活性而成为有关科研工作者的研究热点.综述了葡萄籽提取物生理活性及其提取分离研究进展,并对葡萄籽提取物的开发利用前景进行了展望.     

甜叶菊废渣提取物的抗氧化和抗炎作用

目的:研究甜叶菊废渣提取物的抗氧化及抗炎作用。方法:甜叶菊废渣经提取、分离得到两种提取物(SWE-1和SWE-2)。采用DPPH法、ABTS法、FRAP法、ORAC法和饮食诱导小鼠氧化应激试验,评价甜叶菊废渣提取物的抗氧化活性;采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠巨噬细胞炎症模型、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀和角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀法,评价甜叶菊废渣提取物的抗炎活性。结果:甜叶菊废渣提取物能够清除多种自由基,具有较强的体外抗氧化活性;SWE-1可显著提高氧化应激小鼠血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量。甜叶菊废渣提取物还能显著抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞NO释放量,具有良好的抗炎活性;SWE-1能抑制二甲苯致耳肿胀和角叉菜胶致足肿胀,并能降低血清中炎症因子NO的含量。结论:甜叶菊废渣提取物具有较强的体内外抗氧化和抗炎作用,具有广阔的开发和利用前景,可用于功能性食品和保健品。     

葡萄籽油的提取工艺、营养成分及健康功效研究进展

葡萄皮渣是在葡萄加工过程中产生的大宗副产物，包括葡萄皮、果肉和葡萄籽等。葡萄籽油（grape seed oil，GSO）是从葡萄籽中获取的一种高营养价值植物油，富含多不饱和脂肪酸、生育酚、植物甾醇和酚类物质等营养成分，具有抗氧化、抗炎症、降血脂、减肥和抗菌等多种生理功效。文章系统综述了GSO的提取工艺、营养组成和健康功效，并对未来一段时期内GSO的研究开发方向进行了展望。     

Phenolic fortification of yogurt using grape and callus extracts

In this study, acidified ethanol extracts of four different grape varieties (Cabernet sauvignon, Chardonnay, Shyrah, and Merlot) and grape callus were supplemented into yogurt as functional ingredients. The total phenolic substances, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity of the yogurts were measured using chemical analyses. Yogurts inoculated with red grape and callus extracts displayed high phenolic - anthocyanin content and thus exhibited higher antioxidant power compared to yogurts containing chardonnay extracts and control samples. The storage time significantly affected the free radical scavenging capacity of the yogurts. The yogurts supplied with grape callus extract displayed the greatest antioxidant power on the first day of storage compared to all the assayed samples. The Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis revealed the presence of at least 10 individual bioactive phenolic compounds in the callus yogurt. The results obtained from this investigation shows that grape callus culture has a potential to be used as a food supplement to play a role in reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.     

葡萄籽油的添加对改善特种植物油脂货架保质期的研究

保健植物油脂对人体具有较好营养补充,它也具有独特的食品风味。本项目对葡萄籽油的添加改善月见草油、紫苏油、亚麻籽油等保健植物油的氧化稳定性研究。结果表明,葡萄籽油的OSI值较大,保留时间(货架储存期)长,而月见草油、紫苏油、亚麻籽油等氧化稳定性不是很好,通过添加复配氧化剂(0.02%BHT+0.02%VE+0.02%VC)和葡萄籽油对比,找出通过添加葡萄籽油,进而延长油脂的保质期限的有效措施。     

Antioxidative activities of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extracts obtained from different varieties grown in Turkey

In this study, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of grape seed extracts obtained from twelve different grape seeds from common varieties grown in Turkey were determined. Grape seeds were extracted with 70% acetone and extraction yield of grape seed were calculated. The total phenolic content of grape seed extracts were determined by the Folin‐Ciocalteu procedure and ranged from 33 945 to 58 730 mg per 100 g extract as gallic acid equivalent. Antioxidant activities of grape seed extracts with two different free radical scavenging methods, ABTS [2,2/‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoneline‐6‐sulfonic acid)] and DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐picrylhydrazyl) assays, using Trolox equivalent as standards, were investigated. Grape seed extracts exhibited antioxidant activities 2.46–4.14 and 3.55–5.76 [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC) mg^?1 extracts] in ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. Compared with varieties, Muskule extracts exhibited the lowest total phenolic content, TEAC_ABTS and TEAC_DPPH value while Narince extracts had the highest total phenolic content and TEAC_DPPH value, and Alphonse Lavalleé had the highest TEAC_ABTS value. Total phenolic content showed that there is a significant correlation with TEAC_DPPH (r = 0.7974, P ≤ 0.001) and TEAC_ABTS values (r = 0.4860, P ≤ 0.05).     

Antioxidant/prooxidant activity of a polyphenolic grape seed extract

The oxidative potential of a polyphenolic grape seed extract, with the idea of using this extract as a nutritive supplement, was evaluated. Data presented in this work provide in vitro (primary leukocyte culture) UV–Vis spectral evidence, indicating that quinones, as oxidation products, are involved in the modulation of the antioxidant/prooxidant balance at cellular level in the case of catechin-type compounds (pure catechin (CS) and polyphenolic extract (PE)), in the absence or presence of lipoxygenase (pure (LS) or in raw soybean extract (LE)) as oxidative stress inducers. The study shows, to some extent, the grape seed extract tested, considered as an antioxidant nutritive supplement, may have prooxidant activity as well, depending on the dose, duration of administration, and other dietary components. The UV–Vis analysis confirms that the antioxidant activity of this extract might be mediated by prooxidant quinones and oxidation products of the polyphenols from grape seeds.     

Study of polyphenol content in the seeds of red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties cultivated in Turkey and their antiradical activity

The polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in the seeds of 11 red grape varieties (five international and six native) widely cultivated in Turkey were investigated. Total phenolic, total flavanol and total polymeric procyanidin content ranged from 79.2 to 154.6, 89.2 to 179.4, and 27.0 to 43.3 mg/g seed, respectively. While (+)-catechin (4.71–23.8 mg/g seed) was found as main flavanol, galloylated catechin monomer and dimeric procyanidin amounts varied between 2.89–17.2 and 0.97–2.97 mg/g seed, respectively. All seed extracts showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀) and oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORAC) ranging from 2.71 to 4.62 μg/mL and 1425.9 to 3009.2 μmol Trolox equivalent/g seed, respectively. With high amount of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, seeds of Okuzgozu, Papaz Karasi, Ada Karasi and Kalecik Karasi varieties could be evaluated as dietary supplement.     

葡萄种子提取物在食品保鲜中的机理及应用

葡萄种子提取物是一种由葡萄种子加工得到的具有生物活性成分的物质。它具有抑菌、抗氧化的特性,可以抑制有害微生物对食物的侵害,发挥保鲜剂的作用。本文综述了国内外应用葡萄种子提取物进行食品保鲜的研究现状,介绍了葡萄种子提取物作为食品保鲜剂的作用机理,同时展望了葡萄种子提取物在食品保鲜上的应用前景。     

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Grape Seed Extract and Fruits Containing High β-Carotene,Vitamin C,and E

Antioxidant activity of a potent antioxidant, grape seed extract, and fruits containing high β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E was measured and compared by 2,2-diphengl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The results showed that antioxidant activity of a 20-mg capsule of grape seed extract was approximately 10 to 20 times greater than 1 g of tomato, papaya, banana, and mango. However, if antioxidant activity was calculated per fruit or piece of fruit, the values were comparable. Therefore, consumption of fruit could be a cost-effective way of healthy eating when the price of a dietary supplement is relatively high.     

Effect of heating conditions of grape seeds on the antioxidant activity of grape seed extracts

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of heating and physical conditions of grape seeds on the antioxidant activity of their extracts. Two forms of grape seeds, whole and powdered forms, were heated at four different temperatures −50, 100, 150 and 200 °C. After heating, grape seeds were extracted with 70% ethanol (0.1 g grape seed/10 mL of 70% ethanol), and total phenol contents (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA) and reducing power of the extracts were determined. Thermal treatment of grape seed increased the antioxidant activity of extracts. The maximum TPC and RSA of whole grape seed extract (WGSE) were achieved when the seeds were heat-treated at 150 °C for 40 min, while that of powdered grape seed extract (PGSE) were at 100 °C for 10 min, and were greater than that of the non-treated control. Also, the reducing powers of WGSE and PGSE slightly increased at the conditions. According to the GC-MS analysis, several low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds such as azelaic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, and o-cinnamic acid were newly formed in the WGSE heated at 150 °C for 40 min. There were slight differences in the kinds of phenolic compounds between non-heated and heated GSE. In HPLC analysis, the contents of gallocatechin gallate and caffeine in GSE significantly increased by heat treatment. These results indicated that antioxidant activity of GSE was affected by heating conditions (temperature and time) and physical conditions of grape seeds at the time of heat treatments.