电子特气中痕量水溶性杂质的捕集方法研究

配制系列离子浓度标准溶液,使用离子色谱绘制了液相NH⁺₄的校准曲线,作为气体吸收实验的定量依据。使用自制气体吸收装置和标准气体进行气体吸收实验,确定了吸收液种类、吸收瓶材质。通过正交实验考察了吸收速率、吸收时间、吸收液体积和吸收瓶规格4个参数对捕集效率的影响,选出最优参数。通过气体稀释仪,绘制了不同浓度下氢中NH⁺₄的气体响应校准曲线,线性良好。确定了气体吸收的检出限,远高于市场检测需求。所进行的吸收参数等的考察为我国集成电路基础材料检测的发展提供了有利的技术支撑。     

中空纤维膜接触器用于柠檬酸盐溶液吸收模拟烟气中SO2的研究

采用中空纤维膜接触器对柠檬酸盐溶液吸收模拟烟气中SO2的行为进行了研究.考察了柠檬酸盐溶液浓度、溶液pH值对膜吸收效果的影响,对比了不同中空纤维膜材料的吸收效果,考察了吸收液中硫酸根的生成情况.研究结果表明:增大柠檬酸盐浓度有利于提高SO2的吸收速率和容量;吸收液pH值越高,吸收效果越好;疏水性中空纤维膜吸收效果优于亲水性膜;吸收液中硫酸根离子浓度随时间基本呈线性增加,增加的速率约为0.192 g/(L.h).     

膜气体吸收技术脱除电厂烟气二氧化碳的研究进展

介绍了气体分离膜技术、液膜吸收技术和气体吸收膜技术,综述了膜气体吸收技术在减少电厂模拟烟气CO_2排放中的研究状况,并对不同类型的电厂采用不同工艺的经济性进行了比较分析.总结了膜气体吸收技术发展与应用中存在的不足,指出膜气体吸收技术的发展前景.     

吸收循环卡诺模型及大温差系统理论效率

为了简化吸收循环热力学分析方法,通过吸收循环和压缩式循环的对比,提出吸收循环卡诺模型分析方法.分析了吸收循环内部的能量转换,提出适合冷水大温差的改进的双蒸发器-双吸收器吸收循环系统,并建立了改进系统的卡诺模型,并推导出其理想循环的理论效率表达式.在此基础上分析了不同热源和相关参数对理论效率的影响,并与简单吸收循环进行了对比分析.结果表明改进系统可以有效提高吸收循环效率.     

铜基NiCr系太阳光吸收薄膜制备及性能分析

基于等效媒质理论设计了NiCr四层渐变膜系。以4∶1的NiCr合金靶材,氧气和氮气为反应气体,氩气为工作气体,用磁控反应溅射法制备蓝色NiCr系太阳能光谱选择性吸收薄膜。测试分析薄膜成分、微观结构、厚度、吸收比和发射率对薄膜性能的影响。测试结果表明两层吸收膜的吸收比大于单层吸收膜;单层吸收膜的吸收比随填充因子的增大而增大;当单层吸收膜的填充因子在两层吸收膜的填充因子之间时,两层吸收膜的发射率小于单层吸收膜;两层吸收膜的吸收比随减反射层厚度的增大先增大后减小,发射率则一直增大。为多层铜基NiCr系阳光吸收膜磁控溅射沉积制备工艺提供了理论依据。     

原子吸收分光光度计测定地表水铝含量浅析

对地表水中铝含量的测定采用原子吸收法的两种方公式（即石墨炉原子吸收法和火焰原子吸收法）分别进行了试验,其中石墨炉原子吸收法测定中采用石墨管涂锆,基体改进剂为硝酸镁,准确度符合要求。火焰原子吸收法测定中采用空气-乙炔间接火焰原子吸收法,在调整了PAN用量下,标准曲线的相关系数r达到了0.9996,取得了良好的效果。     

醇胺离子液体-DBU混合吸收液吸收SO2性能及其机理研究

设计合成了3种醇胺离子液体-DBU(1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯)混合吸收液,分别研究纯醇胺离子液体和醇胺离子液体-DBU混合吸收液对SO2的吸收性能及吸收机理。实验结果表明:向吸收液中通入SO2气体30min后吸收均达到饱和状态,各吸收液对SO2的吸收容量顺序为:三乙醇胺氨基磺酸盐-DBU二乙醇胺氨基磺酸盐-DBU乙醇胺氨基磺酸盐-DBU三乙醇胺氨基磺酸盐二乙醇胺氨基磺酸盐乙醇胺氨基磺酸盐,说明DBU的加入大幅提高了吸收液的吸收容量而不改变其达到平衡的时间。吸收液吸收SO2前后的红外图谱和核磁氢谱表明:纯醇胺离子液体吸收SO2为物理吸收,醇胺离子液体-DBU混合吸收液吸收SO2为化学吸收和物理吸收共同作用。SO2的吸收-解吸的循环实验表明:两类吸收液稳定性好,可回收利用。     

基于超材料的微波吸收复合材料研究进展

微波吸收材料作为一种功能性复合材料被广泛应用于现代军事和日常生活的各个领域,其中超材料的出现使微波吸收材料在“轻、宽、薄”三方面实现了重大突破。阐述了微波吸收超材料的发展历程,综述了近年来微波吸收超材料的研究进展,总结了目前基于超材料的微波吸收复合材料具备的优势与面对的问题。通过归纳超材料的微波吸收机理,提出根据不同超材料的结构特点作出相应设计,以协同更多吸波机理的设计原则,可为实现全频段吸收提供新的思路。     

对尾气三氧化硫吸收方法改进及效果的评价

本文通过对在磺化过程中尾气三氧化硫浓硫酸吸收和重烷基苯吸收方法的分析,确定重烷基苯吸收方法比较适合尾气三氧化硫的吸收,在生产实际过程中,提高了装置的安全性,显著降低了生产成本。     

单轴应变对CuO光吸收谱影响的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论计算了单轴应变对CuO吸收谱的影响。在可见光范围内,施加负应变时,吸收峰呈现出蓝移现象;施加正应变时,吸收峰呈现出红移现象;εz增加到6%以后,吸收谱不存在吸收峰。在红外光范围内:施加负应变时,εx造成吸收峰呈现红移现象,εz造成吸收峰呈现蓝移现象;施加正应变时,εy造成吸收峰呈现红移现象,εz造成吸收峰呈现蓝移现象;εx增加到4%以后,吸收谱不存在吸收峰。     

Phase correction of interferograms using digital all-pass filters

A method for the phase correction of interferograms in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is presented. It is shown that phase error can be canceled to within an arbitrary angular precision by a low-order digital all-pass filter. Such a filter only modifies the phase of the Fourier transform of the interferogram and keeps the magnitude unchanged, like the Mertz method, for example. However, our method minimizes the asymmetric apodization that results in photometric errors when using the Mertz method alone. A practical example is provided in which phase correction over a frequency range of 800 cm(-1) to 4000 cm(-1) using a 9-pole all-pass filter resulted in a photometric error of <0.01%, much less than the 0.3% error of the Mertz method. An alternative and faster (approximately 100 ms) approach is to use an all-pass filter with lower angular precision followed by the Mertz method. Removing most of the phase error with the filter brings the interferogram to an optimal state so that the residual phase error can be completely removed with the Mertz procedure without introducing photometric error. The method can be used in most experiments, including emission spectroscopy, where conventional techniques are inadequate. A simple all-pass filter design algorithm is given.     

Excess infrared absorption spectroscopy and its applications in the studies of hydrogen bonds in alcohol-containing binary mixtures

Excess infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy, a new concept brought forward by applying the idea of excess thermodynamic functions to infrared spectroscopy, is shown to be a potential method to study hydrogen bonds. It can be applied to enhance spectral resolution of complexed IR bands, to evaluate nonideality of liquid mixtures, and to estimate selective molecular interactions. The sign of the excess infrared absorption coefficient is also of importance in providing information on molecular interactions. The results demonstrate that excess infrared absorption spectroscopy can unveil new information on hydrogen bonding in condensed phases.     

HgInTe晶体的生长及其性能研究

利用垂直Bridgman法生长了HgInTe单晶体,并采用X射线衍射分析、FT-IR光谱分析对晶体的形态结构及红外透过性能进行了检测,结果表明所生长的晶体是高质量的单相完整单晶体,其在400～4000cm-1范围内的红外透过性能较好,达到50%～55%,晶体对红外光的吸收主要为晶格吸收和自由载流子吸收引起的.     

Measurement of the complex refractive index of isotropic materials with mueller matrix polarimetry

The complex refractive index of materials at infrared wavelengths is often determined when absorption measurements are made at selected wavelengths, and then the Kramers-Kronig relationship is used to calculate the real part of the index. Because many organic materials are highly absorbing in the infrared, absorption measurements require a short path length. We report on the use of an attenuated total internal reflection (TIR) method in combination with an infrared Mueller matrix spectropolarimeter to measure the Mueller matrix spectrum of samples from 3 to 14 mum. From the elements of the Mueller matrix the complex refractive index is determined for materials whose TIR interfaces are eigenstates of s and p polarization. The calculated index for water compares well with data found in the literature.     

铁光度分析的近况(续2)

综述了国内近年来(1990—1994春)有关铁的光度分析进展,按吸光光度法、催化光度法、荧光光度法、化学发光法、流动注射光度法、导数光度法及计算数学光度法等在铁及铁与其它组份同时测定中的应用进行分类叙述。     

国内铝光度分析的进展(续)

<正> 4 流动注射分析流动注射分析(FIA)具有独道的提高工作效率、使分析工作实现自动化的优越性,这使近年来有关FIA用于测定铝的工作研究逐步增多。基于β—环糊精—丙酮能加速增敏铝—钙黄绿素的荧光反应性质研究了以Al(Ⅲ)—Calcein—β—CD—丙酮新体系流动注射荧光法测定中草药中微量铝的新方法。荧光最大激发波长和发射波长分别位于478.0nm和     

Absorption-coefficient-determination method for particulate materials

A method is presented for determining the optical absorption coefficient, or the imaginary refractive index, of particulate material that has been collected from aerosols or hydrosols by means of filtration. The method, based on the Kubelka-Munk theory of diffuse reflectance, is nondestructive and requires no other knowledge of the sample than the amount present, the specific gravity, and an estimate of the real index of refraction. The theoretical development of the method is discussed along with an analysis of photometric and gravimetric errors. We test the method by comparing results obtained for powdered didymium glass with measurements made before the glass was crushed. An example of the method's application to the determination of the absorption coefficient of atmospheric dust at UV, visible, and near-IR wavelengths is also presented.     

Reduction of the bulk absorption coefficient in silicon optics for high-energy lasers through defect engineering

We engineered a factor-of-4 reduction in the bulk absorption coefficient over the 2.6-to-3.0-μm bandwidth in single-crystal Czochralski silicon optics for high-energy infrared lasers with high-temperature annealing treatments. Defect engineering adapted from the integrated circuit industry has been used to reduce the absorption coefficient across the 1.5-to-5-μm bandwidth for substrates up to 5 cm thick. A high-temperature oxygen-dispersion anneal dissolves precipitates and thermal donors that are present in the as-grown material. The process has been verified experimentally with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, infrared laser calorimetry, and Hall measurements. Reduction of the absorption coefficient results in less substrate heating and thermal distortion of the optical surface. The process is appropriate for other silicon infrared optics applications such as thermal-imaging systems, infrared windows, and spectrophotometers.     

基于图像的曲面光顺算法

针对目前曲面光顺算法存在的问题,提出了一种由平滑曲面在平行光照射下图像达到光顺的思想而形成的曲面光顺算法。该算法直接平滑曲面在平行光照射下的图像,然后通过光度立体技术反求出光顺后的曲面。由于能直接平滑曲面在平行光照射下的图像,使得光顺后的曲面在基于光照模型的曲面光顺准则下具有很的好光顺性质。应用实例显示,该算法能在保持原曲面形态的基础上达到很好的光顺效果。     

超微量液体容积双波长参比测量方法研究

为克服静力称重法受蒸发量影响大的不足,同时适应在线测量的需要,基于Lambert-Beer定律,研究了520nm和730nm双波长超微液体容量光度吸收测量法,通过稀溶液浓度与吸光度之间的线性关系可以计算出待测超微量液体容积。设计了双波长参比光度吸收法的测量系统,采用与静力称重测量系统比对试验的方式对这种方法进行了验证,1μL和5μL微量液体试验数据表明:双波长参比光度吸收法和静力称重法测量结果具有良好的一致性,均符合ISO 8655的技术要求。与静力称重法方法相比,双波长参比光度吸收法对测量环境要求低,易于实现在线测量,而且可以有效减少液体蒸发对测量结果的影响。