厂区采暖的运行调节

厂区采暖的运行调节沈阳经济技术开发区建设工程质量监督站刘杰，刘宏楷，于军１前言厂区集中供热系统的水力工况和热力工况是相当复杂的。正确进行热网工况分析和调节，不仅对提高供热质量至关重要，而且对节约能源、保证热网的经济运行也是一分必要的，本文就此问题拟做...     

别墅采暖方式的比较

分析远离市区的别墅的采暖方式,特别是小区内没有区域锅炉供热,也无天然气管道,对别墅电采暖及热水采暖费用进行计算,主要对热用户的经济性能进行比较,得出结论是电冷暖空调采暖是比较适合的方式。     

传统的采暖方式与电采暖的方案比较

1冬季采暖与夏季空调存在的问题集中供热作为城市建筑采暖的基本建设原则,到目前已发展到相当高的水平,其中热电联产被认为是能源利用最有效的形式。但是,近年来由于技术经济的高速发展,情况有了较大的改变．一方面,以集中锅炉房和热电站为中心的集中供热在大力发展;另一方面,空调产品也大量进人普通居民家中,使得城乡居民的用电负荷急剧上升,特别是在夏季的用电高峰期。因而,为适应市场的需求,各城市均对民用供电系统进行了彻底改造,同时,也兴建了大批的电站工程,以满足城市供电增长的需求。而高峰期过后,电站的能力就被闲…     

传统的采暖方式与电采暖的方案比较

集中供热作为城市建筑采暖的基本建设原则,到目前已发展到相当高的水平,其中热电联产被认为是能源利用最有效的形式。但是,近年来由于技术经济的高速发展,情况有了较大的改变。一方面,以集中锅炉房和热电站为中心的集中供热在大力发展,另方面,空调产品也大量进入普通居民?..     

徐州地区采暖现状与思考

文章分析了在苏北地区县有代表性的徐州市的采暖现状与存在的问题，认为应积极发展城市集中供热，同时也应推广应用冷凝户型燃气炉供热。     

集中采暖地区住宅建筑不同采暖方式的经济性比较

对集中采暖地区住宅建筑几种主要的采暖方式进行了经济性比较,在分析比较结果的基础上,提出了采暖方式的选择原则.     

直燃吸收式冷温水机组采暖方式的比较研究

本文介绍了直燃吸收式冷水机组的两种采暖循环方式，即分别以制蒸汽和高发溶液为采暖介质的采暖循环方式，并对该两种循环方式进行了比较。     

太阳能供热采暖工程应用推广

本文介绍了国内外太阳能供热采暖工程应用的现状与发展,给出了以太阳能热价为基础的技术经济分析,并通过对我国太阳能热利用产品的热性能质量检测分析,指出了太阳能供热采暖工程应用的发展障碍,提出了提高太阳能供热采暖市场份额的发展目标和推广策略。     

采暖方式的新发展及其选择

介绍了目前国内出现的独立采暖炉供热系统、低温辐射供热系统等新型采暖方式,对用户合理选择采暖方式有借鉴作用。     

城市住宅及企业集中供热浅析

随着住宅商品化进程的进一步加快 ,以及供热商品化意识的普及 ,人们对集中供热提出了更高的要求 ,在利用其它手段诸如空调、电暖气等设施取暖的同时对集中供热进行开发     

冷却剂流量对聚光型太阳能光伏系统效率的影响

针对聚光型太阳能光伏电池工作中温度升高会导致发电效率降低的问题,在太阳能模组上铺设有机工质循环管路对光伏电池进行冷却,通过冷凝器对管内有机工质吸收的热量进行收集利用,构建聚光型太阳能光伏/光热综合利用系统。建立传热模型,计算不同日照强度下模组的输出效率并与实验数据进行对比。实验结果表明:发电效率随日照强度的增加先增加后减小;对光伏电池进行冷却可提升系统输出效率;太阳能光伏发电及散热量利用效率合计可达60%。     

风电集中供热的设计

介绍了热电联产集中供热面临的困难,分析了风电市场目前的困境,提出了用风电作为城市集中供热的热源设计构想。     

Optimization and feasibility analysis of a microscale pin-fins heat sink of an ultrahigh concentrating photovoltaic system

Nowadays, the most recent optical configuration based on Cassegrain and Fresnel lens designs of concentrator photovoltaic(CPV) has shown a race to achieve the ultrahigh concentration ratio. Still, none of those has experimentally shown an optical concentration ratio (GC) beyond 2000 suns. This is because their energy concentration ratios are challenged by the excessive temperature raised throughout the optical stages, which diminishes the efficiency of the solar cell. In this context, this research work aims to numerically investigate a microscale pin-fins heat sink configuration to enhance the thermal performance and the cost-competitivity of ultrahigh CPV thermal receiver. The impacts of the solar cell area, cell efficiency, and heat sink's material have been analyzed and discussed. The results showed that a circular pin-fins heat sink could accomplish a drop of 23.28% in the maximum operating cell temperature at 10 000 suns for cell area of 1 × 1 mm² relatively compared to the conventional flat-plate heat sink. Furthermore, for a circular pin-fins heat sink with a cell area of 2 × 2 mm², the cell temperature started exceeding the safe operating range of temperature (80°C) at 8000 suns with an average temperature of 96.1°C and reaching a maximum of 113.91°C at 10 000 suns. A gradient temperature on the planar direction of the aluminum circular pin-fins heat sink was about 1.187°C at 10 000 suns whereas 0.703°C was recorded in the case of a copper circular pin-fins heat sink. The circular pin-fins heat sink showed the highest thermal performance resulting in maintaining the solar cell temperature within its safe operating range even beyond 10 000 suns. From an economic point of view, aluminum circular pin-fins heat sink has been found to be less costly than the copper one. Finally, it was found that at 8000 suns, the flat-plate heat sink cost is more expensive than the traditional pin-fins heat sink by 14.7%, where the flat-plate heat sink becomes the worst economic configuration at 10 000 suns. At that concentration ratio, the cost has increased by 43.38%, 5.75%, and 10.61% compared to the traditional pin-fins heat sink, cylindrical pin-fins heat sink, and circular pin-fins heat sink, respectively.     

燃气热泵与电动热泵的技术经济比较

结合现有产品的技术水平,分析比较了燃气热泵与电动热泵的一次能源利用率.针对不同电价、不同燃气价的情况计算了两种热泵的运行成本.由计算结果绘制的图表为空调方案的选择提供了有益的参考.     

热网监控系统数据传输方式的比较

供暖行业中热网数据采集传输技术的应用,大大提高了供暖质量,节约了人力。目前普遍采用的热网数据采集系统由热网监控中心的计算机系统,热力站的控制器、传感器、变频器及其他器件,和通讯系统等组成。本文阐述了热网数据采集系统的组成和功能。同时对热网的电话拨号和无线GPRS的数据通讯方式进行了技术上和应用上的详细对比,通过对两种通讯方式成本的比较,得出了无线GPRS通讯方式更具竞争优势的结论。     

回热加热器的散热对机组热经济性的影响

本文用等效热降法分析回热器的散热对汽轮发电机组热经济性的影响,提出了有效抽汽系数的概念,用有效抽汽系数来评价加热器的散热损失对机组热经济性影响的大小。     

Study of thermal characteristics of bubble‐driven heat‐transport device

In the present paper, we report on heat transport rates and fluid flow patterns of a bubble‐driven heat‐transport device (BD‐HTD) made of glass, obtained with the working fluids water, soapsuds, ethanol, and R141b. In this type of HTD, the cooling and heating sections are connected to each other by a closed loop of tube meandering between them, and the loop is filled to a certain volume fraction with a working fluid. The present BD‐HTD was set vertically and was heated at the bottom by warm water and cooled at the top by cold water. Experimental parameters were the inner diameter of the tube (D = 1.8, 2.4, 5.0 mm), the total temperature difference of heating and cooling water (ΔT = 20 to 60 K), and liquid volume fraction (α = 18 to 98%). The main results are summarized as follows. Heat transfer coefficient of the working fluid at the heating and cooling sections, h_fi, is not strongly dependent on α and ΔT. Among the present test liquids, the effective thermal conductivity k_ef is the highest for R141b, but the heat transfer coefficient h_fi is the highest for water. As k_ef is sufficiently high even for water, the heat transport rate Q is the highest for water. Q of the present BD‐HTD using water can exceed the maximum heat transport rate of conventional heat pipes of the same geometry. For R141b, the BD‐HTD operated for D/λ₀ = 1.5 to 4.2 (λ₀: the capillary length) and Q is not strongly dependent on the tube diameter. This result indicates that BD‐HTDs are suitable for micro‐HTDs, but the BD‐HTD did not operate with water at D/λ₀ = 0.65. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(2): 167–177, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10082     

螺杆膨胀机余热利用技术及热力性能研究

为了掌握螺杆膨胀机余热利用效果及其热力经济性能,本文从余热利用角度出发,介绍了螺杆膨胀机的工作原理,从等熵效率、循环热效率、有效余热利用率等方面对其热力经济性能进行分析,并给出了具体计算实例。结果表明,螺杆膨胀机组是一种适用范围广泛、经济和社会效益显著的余热利用技术,根据余热热源的实际情况,合理选择机组型号和参数,可以达到较好的节能减排效果。     

Potential of performance improvement of concentrated solar power plants by optimizing the parabolic trough receiver

This paper proposes a comprehensive thermodynamic and economic model to predict and compare the performance of concentrated solar power plants with traditional and novel receivers with different configurations involving operating temperatures and locations. The simulation results reveal that power plants with novel receivers exhibit a superior thermodynamic and economic performance compared with traditional receivers. The annual electricity productions of power plants with novel receivers in Phoenix, Sevilla, and Tuotuohe are 8.5%, 10.5%, and 14.4% higher than those with traditional receivers at the outlet temperature of 550°C. The levelized cost of electricity of power plants with double-selective-coated receivers can be decreased by 6.9%, 8.5%, and 11.6%. In Phoenix, the optimal operating temperature of the power plants is improved from 500°C to 560°C by employing a novel receiver. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the receiver heat loss, solar absorption, and freeze protection temperature is also conducted to analyze the general rule of influence of the receiver performance on power plants performance. Solar absorption has a positive contribution to annual electricity productions, whereas heat loss and freeze protection temperature have a negative effect on electricity outputs. The results indicate that the novel receiver coupled with low melting temperature molten salt is the best configuration for improving the overall performance of the power plants.     

国外燃料电池研究动向

介绍了燃料电池的工作原理、主要应用领域。研究了国外发达国家的研究动向。通过纵向和横向的比较，可以看出我国在燃料电池研究方面在世界上所处于的位置，对于制定我国燃料电池长期发展战略计划有一定的启示。