太阳能固体吸附式制冰机间隙制冷现象的研究

对整体无阀结构太阳能固体吸附式制冰机在真实环境工况下进行实验研究，得出在外界云层影响下太阳能固体吸附式制冰机的性能特性。采用经实验验证后的传热传质模型，分析了太阳能制冰机受外界云层影响下所表现出的间隙制冷效果。实验与理论两方面的工作为太阳能固体吸附式制冰机的合理应用提供了区域气候选择的依据，为科学分析太阳能制冰机性能提供了客观的基础。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冰机系统内外特性分析

利用所建立并通过实验证的数学模型，从吸附床的内部特性参数及外部特性参数出发，对所设计制造的太阳能平板式制冰机系统进行分析，较为全面而系统地分析了内部参数及外部参数的改变对太阳能固体吸附式制冰机的性能系统COP及制冰特性的影响，为新一轮的太阳能固体吸附式制冷机装置的设计与制作提供了一个全方位的优化设计基础。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术应用的一些探讨

总结了自行设计的太阳能固体吸附式制冷装置所取得的一些成果,对太阳 能固体吸附式制冰机系统的实际应用从工艺上、操作上、成本上作了分析与说明,并对 进一步开展太阳能固体吸附式制冷装置的研究作出了展望。     

平板式太阳能固体吸附式制冰机的设计

设计了一台以太阳能为驱动源的固体吸附式制冰机，并对该装置进行了性能实验，实验结果表明，该装置具有较好的传热传质特性，并有效地解决了系统的真空泄漏问题，系统各子部件之间匹配性能良好，多次重复运行得到相同的实验结果。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冰机不同吸附工质对的实验研究

在构建的太阳能制冰机的基础上，选用活性炭-甲醇、活性炭-乙醇作为吸附制冷工质对，在外界环境条件及辐射能量条件相同的条件下，分别对两种不同的吸附制冷工质对进行解吸量、吸附量和制冰量的实验。通过对大量实验数据的分析与整理，所得出的结论是：对固体吸附式制冰机装置而言，活性炭-甲醇工质对仍是最佳的吸附制冷工质对，活性炭-乙醇工质对不适合于太阳能固体吸附式制冰机中。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冰机运行特性的实验及理论分析

对太阳能固体吸附式制冰机进行了大量的实验研究，实测出太阳能制冰机在外界不同太阳辐射能量下的性能特性。对太阳能固体吸附式制冰机进行了传热、传质数值计算，计算结果与实验吻合较好。用所建立的数学模型对太阳能制冰机进行了符合实际环境工况的性能分析，并对中国西部西藏地区气候资源条件下的太阳能制冷效果作了具体分析。研究工作从理论与实验相结合的角度较为客观地分析了太阳能制冰机实用化前景。     

小型固体吸附式太阳能空调装置的实验研究

根据小型太阳能空调装置的要求和特点,对固体吸附式太阳能空调系统进行了实验研究。通过对装置运行工况的具体分析,选择硅胶水作为吸附剂与制冷工质,介绍了集热／再生器、空冷冷凝器和蒸发器的结构设计。在此基础上,建立了小型固体吸附式太阳能空调实验装置,并对整个系统的运行性能进行了一系列的实验研究。结果表明,采用硅胶水工质的小型吸附式太阳能空调装置进行间歇式空调,在技术上是可行的,为进一步研究性能的优化提供了依据。     

两种太阳能制冷装置性能分析与比较

在进行了太阳能热水器－冰箱复合机及平板式太阳能制冰机装置的设计及多次实验后,对这两种固体吸附式制冷系统装置性能进行了综合分析与比较。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冷吸附床的设计

描述了固体吸附式制冷系统中吸附床的作用和功能,比较分析了现有太阳能固体吸附式制冷装置的吸附床。通过两种吸附床装置的具体分析,提出了合理设计太阳能吸附床装置的途径。     

太阳能固体吸附制冷系统的设计研究

本文在综合前人研究成果的基础上，分析了可为吸附式制冷系统装置供热的太阳能集热装置的类型和特性，探讨了集热装置的设计以及与固体吸附式系统的结合方式。并围绕着影响系统效率的各种因素，研究了系统各个部分的设计方法。在分析系统整体运行特性的基础上，提出了系统整体的设计方案。     

A study of the effects of collector and environment parameters on the performance of a solar powered solid adsorption refrigerator

Based on the heat and mass transfer model validated by experiment, the performance of the plate solar ice-maker is analyzed systemically with the opinion of two-type characteristic parameters, which includes parametric effects of adsorbent bed of solar ice-maker and outer parameters referring to circumstance. A large number of simulations were undertaken to test the performance of the refrigerator for various collector design parameters and environmental parameters. These works are beneficial to further study the optimization design of a solar cooling system.     

Simulation of a solid sorption ice-maker based on the novel composite sorbent “lithium chloride in silica gel pores”

In this paper, a novel composite sorbent “lithium chloride in silica gel pores” is proposed for application in solar-powered adsorptive ice makers. A mathematical model was used in order to calculate the performance of an ice-maker using this material as adsorbent and methanol as adsorbate. The results of the model showed that a maximum solar coefficient of performance (COPs) of 0.33 and a maximum daily ice production (DIP) of 20 kg m^?2 can be obtained for an ice-maker equipped with a solar collector area of 1.5 m² and 36 kg of adsorbent material. Such performance are noticeably higher than those obtained using commercial activated carbon, that is the adsorbent mostly proposed till now.     

Design and experimental performance of a PV Ice-maker without battery

This paper presents a solar photovoltaic powered ice-maker which operates without the use of batteries and is therefore environmentally friendly and may be used in truly autonomous applications in remote areas. The successful operation of the refrigeration compressors by the PV panels is ensured by the use of a novel concept dedicated controller, which provides easy startup, maximum power tracking and power management for the four compressors of the system. The prototype results have shown very good ice-making capability and reliable operation as well as a great improvement in the startup characteristics of the compressors, which remain operational even during days with low solar irradiation and operate with improved utilization of the available photovoltaic power.     

Development and experimental validation of a computational model in order to simulate ice cube production in a thermoelectric ice-maker

We have developed a computational model which allows the simulation of a thermoelectric device to make ice cubes in a vapour compression domestic fridge. This model solves both the thermoelectric and heat transfer equations, including the phase change equations in the ice cube production.The inputs of the model are: the thermoelectric parameters as a function of the temperature; dimensions; material properties (thermal resistances and capacities) and the boundary conditions (room temperature and voltage supplied to the Peltier module). The outputs are the values of the temperature for all the elements of the thermoelectric ice-maker and the ice production.In the experimental phase a prototype of a thermoelectric ice-maker incorporated in a vapour compression domestic fridge was constructed in order to adjust and validate the computational model, and to optimise the experimental application. This ice-maker has two Peltier modules, some aluminum cylinders, called fingers, where the ice is made, and a component that acts as heat extender and dissipater which connects the hot side of Peltier module with the freezer compartment. The ice formation on the fingers is obtained by the cooling on the Peltier modules. When the ice cubes are formed, the voltage polarity of the thermoelectric modules is switched so the fingers warm up until the ice around the fingers melts. Then the ice cubes are dropped by gravity.This paper studies the production of ice cubes using the computational model and the experiment results and analyses the most important parameters for the optimisation of the ice-maker (voltage supplied to the Peltier module, thermal resistance of the hot side dissipater and initial water temperature).     

A seawater freeze desalination prototype system utilizing LNG cold energy

The freeze desalination method is not being used widely, since it needs refrigeration system that consumes much electricity. On the other hand, liquefied natural gas (LNG) releases a lot of cold energy during its vaporization process. Thus, combining the two processes of LNG vaporization and seawater freezing may produce freshwater in an economical and environment-friendly way. In this paper, a seawater freeze desalination prototype system is designed and manufactured. In this system, R410A is chosen as the secondary refrigerant to transfer cold energy from LNG to seawater, and a flake ice-maker is adopted to produce ice. Experiments are conducted with the prototype system, with liquid nitrogen as the cold source. The results show that the system is able to reach the designed fresh water capacity of 150 L h^?1, with the converted cold energy efficiency above 2 kg (fresh water)·kg (LNG)^?1. The salt removal rate of the system is about 50%, indicating that one cycle of the freeze desalination is not enough for producing drinking water. The influences of some key factors, such as refrigerant evaporating temperature, number of spraying nozzles at the water distributing disk, and seawater flowrate, on the salinity of the formed ice are also tested.     

Comparative study of different solar cooling systems for buildings in subtropical city

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid on the application potential of solar cooling for buildings. Due to the fact that the efficiency of solar collectors is generally low at the time being, the effectiveness of solar cooling would be closely related to the availability of solar irradiation, climatic conditions and geographical location of a place. In this paper, five types of solar cooling systems were involved in a comparative study for subtropical city, which is commonly featured with long hot and humid summer. The solar cooling systems included the solar electric compression refrigeration, solar mechanical compression refrigeration, solar absorption refrigeration, solar adsorption refrigeration and solar solid desiccant cooling. Component-based simulation models of these systems were developed, and their performances were evaluated throughout a year. The key performance indicators are solar fraction, coefficient of performance, solar thermal gain, and primary energy consumption. In addition, different installation strategies and types of solar collectors were compared for each kind of solar cooling system. Through this comparative study, it was found that solar electric compression refrigeration and solar absorption refrigeration had the highest energy saving potential in the subtropical Hong Kong. The former is to make use of the solar electric gain, while the latter is to adopt the solar thermal gain. These two solar cooling systems would have even better performances through the continual advancement of the solar collectors. It will provide a promising application potential of solar cooling for buildings in the subtropical region.     

卫星太阳翼在轨输出功率预测模型

该文介绍一种卫星太阳翼在轨功率输出预测方法,由单体太阳电池根据固体物理理论推导出来直流理论分析模型获得其等效电路,通过对单体太阳电池串、并联后组成的太阳翼电气电路,获得太阳翼等效电路,并根据该等效电路推导出太阳翼的直流分析模型。将太阳翼的直流分析模型转化为由单片太阳电池片开路电压Voc、短路电流Isc、最大功率点电压Vmp、最大功率点电流Imp这4个参数决定的太阳翼工程应用方程。同时,通过地面试验获得单体太阳电池的电压和电流衰降系数,获取太阳翼实际在轨不同时刻的开路电压VAoc、短路电流IAsc、最大功率点电压VAmp、最大功率点电流IAmp,并通过计算获取太阳翼工作点电压、电流,得到太阳翼的在轨预测工作输出功率。通过将该文模型预测值与太阳翼实际在轨输出电流、电压遥测值进行比较,验证该预测模型的有效性。该预测模型可通过单体太阳电池的4个工程参数,获得整个太阳翼的直流分析模型,便于太阳翼设计阶段建模分析的工程化应用。     

Exergy Analysis of Photo-Thermal Interaction Process between Solar Radiation Energy and Solar Receiver

A unified theory of non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamics is always in search as it is meaningful for solar energy utilization. An exergy analysis of photo-thermal interaction process between the solar radiation energy and solar receiver is conducted in this paper. The non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamic system is described. The thermodynamic process of photo-thermal interaction between the solar radiation and solar receiver is introduced. Energy, exergy and entropy equations for the photo-thermal process are provided. Formulas for calculating the optimum receiving temperatures of the solar receiver under both non-concentration and solar concentration conditions are presented. A simple solar receiver is chosen as the calculation example to launch the exergy analysis under non-concentration condition. Furthermore, the effect analysis of solar concentration on the thermodynamic performance of the solar receiver for solar thermal utilization is carried out. The analysis results demonstrate that both the output exergy flux and efficiency of the solar receiver can be improved by increasing the solar concentration ratio during the solar thermal utilization process. The formulas and results provided in this paper may be used as a theoretical reference for the further studies of non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamic theory and solar thermal utilization.