超音速活性电弧制备锅炉用耐磨涂层性能研究

以FeCrNiBSi丝材为喷涂材料,采用Flame Arc超音速活性电弧喷涂系统在Q235钢为基体的工业锅炉用材料表面制备出结合强度高、耐磨性强的涂层;通过金相观察、拉伸试验、摩擦磨损试验,分别评价FeCrNiBSi涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度、结合强度和耐磨损性能;并通过扫描电子显微镜观察涂层微观形貌和磨损形貌。结果表明,涂层与基体结合良好,界面处未见任何分离,涂层结构比较致密,孔隙较少,孔隙率为0.71%,硬度为720 HV0.3,与基体结合强度达到60 MPa。相对于Q235钢,FeCrNiBSi涂层具有优异的抗磨损性能,其抗磨损性能是Q235钢的28倍。FeCrNiBSi涂层磨损机理为显微犁削和黏着磨损,耐磨性良好,具有良好的应用前景。     

孔隙率对 YSZ 涂层性能的影响

本文采用高能等离子喷涂方法制备了孔隙率为 14.03%~28.22% 的多孔 YSZ 涂层, 研究了喷涂工艺参数对 涂层孔隙率以及涂层基本性能的影响。 结果表明： 随孔隙率的增加, 涂层的硬度和结合强度整体呈现下降的趋势, 孔隙率 14.03% 时硬度为 92.4, 孔隙率 26.04% 时硬度降低到 84.2, 强度则由 9.62 MPa 降低到 5.03 MPa; 涂层在 1060 ℃下抗热震次数呈现先明显增加后降低的趋势, 当孔隙率为 26.04% 时, 涂层在 464 次水冷热震后保持完好, 涂层抗热震性能最优。     

封孔处理对烘缸用高铬硼涂层性能的影响

采用电弧喷涂工艺,在45#碳钢基体上获得了高铬硼涂层,以改性双酚A氰酸脂树脂及无机填料制成的封孔剂(LG-12)对高铬硼涂层进行了封孔处理,对比了封孔处理前后的涂层在10vol%浓度的盐酸溶液中的耐腐蚀性能和摩擦学性能方面的差异,结果表明,最优电弧喷涂参数获得高铬硼涂层的硬度为568.6HV_(0.3),与基体结合强度高达51Mpa;封孔处理使涂层孔隙率由3.82%降至0.96%;封孔涂层的耐腐蚀性显著优于未封孔涂层,其摩擦系数较未封孔涂层稍有降低,为0.73,涂层耐磨性好,适于造纸烘缸的应用;LG-12常温封孔剂对造纸烘缸用高铬硼涂层的封孔效果良好。     

喷涂工艺参数对铝硅氮化硼封严涂层组织及性能的影响

采用大气等离子喷涂方法制备了铝硅氮化硼封严涂层,通过对涂层显微结构、硬度、结合强度和飞行粒子状态的研究,分析了喷涂工艺参数(功率22～34kW、送粉量30～50g/min及喷涂距离90～150mm)的变化对涂层组织和性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着功率的增加,飞行粒子温度和速度均增加,涂层的孔隙率和BN含量降低,硬度和结合强度提高;随送粉量增加,粒子温度和速度均减小,涂层孔隙率和BN含量增加,硬度和结合强度降低;随着喷涂距离的增加,粒子飞行速度降低的影响大于温度升高的影响,导致涂层孔隙率和BN含量提高,硬度和结合强度降低。     

超音速火焰喷涂涂层及耐磨性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂方法在45号钢基体上制备了NiCr、316L、10Co4Cr/WC、12Co/WC等4种涂层,对涂层组织进行了金相观察,测试了涂层的硬度及耐磨性。结果表明,上述涂层与45号钢基体界面结合良好,孔隙率为0.50%~2%,平均厚度20μm左右,不同涂层硬度及耐磨性顺序为:10Co4Cr/WC>12Co/WC>(45号钢基体)>316L>NiCr20。     

工艺参数对大气等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-40%TiO_2涂层性能影响

基于涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率和断裂韧性,利用四因素三水平正交试验并结合极差分析方法,对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3-40%Ti O2陶瓷涂层的喷涂电压、喷涂电流、主气流量、喷涂距离等4个工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:4个工艺参数因素相互交错影响着涂层的性能,且喷涂距离对涂层显微硬度影响较大,喷涂电压对涂层的孔隙率、断裂韧性有明显影响,对涂层的综合性能评分影响顺序是:喷涂电流喷涂距离主气流量喷涂电压;优化的最佳工艺参数:喷涂电压为65V,喷涂电流为500A,主气流量为30L/min,喷涂距离为90mm;最优工艺参数制备的涂层显微硬度为1036.73HV0.1,孔隙率为0.9%,断裂韧性为19.87MPa?m1/2,涂层的结合强度为37.8MPa。     

超音速等离子喷涂法制备PbTiO3涂层的表征

利用超音速等离子喷涂在调质45钢表面制备PbTiO3涂层,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及能谱分析(EDS)等手段对所制备涂层的组织形貌和物相成分进行表征与分析;并利用显微硬度仪和纳米压痕仪对涂层的力学性能进行表征。结果表明:PbTiO3涂层表面为黄黑色,涂层光滑平整,孔隙率为1.5%;涂层为典型的层状结构,基体与PbTiO3涂层间的结合为机械结合,通过多个试样测量其结合强度的平均值为50.875MPa;纳米压痕仪测得涂层的表面硬度为7.858 GPa,弹性模量为139.308 GPa,显微硬度达到648.6HV0.1,涂层具有优良的力学性能;涂层主要成分为PbTiO3相。通过超音速等离子喷涂制备的涂层具有较好的综合性能,为后期在其表面沉积耐磨涂层打下了良好的基础。     

HVAF 制备 WC 基涂层结构与滑动摩擦磨损性能研究

采用HVAF超音速火焰喷涂制备三种WC基金属陶瓷复合涂层以及金属涂层Ni60,对比分析了各涂层的微观形貌、硬度、沉积速率、滑动摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:HVAF超音速火焰喷涂制备的各涂层与基体结合良好、涂层结构致密,孔隙率1.5%;随着复合涂层中碳化物陶瓷增强颗粒的增加,各涂层的显微硬度增大,沉积速率降低;摩擦磨损试验显示WC-10Co-4Cr、WC-12Co涂层磨损量仅为金属涂层Ni60的1/20,表现出优异的耐滑动磨损性能。     

超音速火焰喷涂CoCrW耐磨涂层的性能研究

本文针对自产Co25Cr10Ni8W合金粉末,采用HVOF工艺制备了CoCrW涂层,研究了氧气流量、煤油流量、喷涂距离对CoCrW涂层性能的影响,确定了制备CoCrW涂层主要的喷涂参数为:喷距340mm;O2流量24L/m3;煤油流量900L/h。对制备的涂层进行了性能检测,涂层结合强度达到54.08Mpa;HR15N为83.5;孔隙率为0.6%。     

等离子喷涂NiCrAlYSi基封严涂层的性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂方法制备NiCrAlYSi基封严涂层,涂层采用聚苯酯为造孔剂,氟化物为自润滑相。研究发现,随着聚苯酯的含量增加,涂层孔隙率增加,硬度下降。喷涂参数(喷涂距离,喷涂功率)对涂层的硬度亦有较大影响,随着喷涂参数的改变,喷涂过程中聚苯酯的氧化程度各异,从而影响了涂层中的孔隙率,进而导致涂层硬度的变化。因此,通过调控喷涂参数和聚苯酯含量,可以达到对涂层孔隙率及硬度的控制。1000℃至室温热震试验结果表明:涂层具有良好的抗热冲击性能,且气孔率高的涂层抗热冲击性能更加优异。     

Investigation on Ductile Property of CePO4 Ceramic

Amajorimpedimentforengineeringapplicationsofceramicsistheirbrittlenesswhichoftenrendersthemdifficultandcostlytomachine .Tothisend ,muchefforthasgoneintothedesignofmachinablece ramicswhichcontainweakinterfaces .Ceriumphos phatehasbeenrecentlysuggestedasapotentialcom ponentinsomeoxideceramicstoimprovethemachin abilityandsecurityinuse[1,2 ] .ThecharacteristicsofCePO4 thatmakesitbeappealedforthispurposearethefollowing :thelowfractureenergyoftheinterfacebetweenitandseveralotheroxides (Al2 O3,ZrO…     

石灰岩富水地区深基础处理中的高压注浆施工方法

在岩溶发育、水量丰富的石灰岩地区，宜采用高压注浆的堵水方法。堵水孔位应沿桩周边布置，采用４２５：普硅水泥；对地下水力联系密切的富水地段，宜采用一桩多孔、一孔多段、分段注浆的方法；对表部松散层，必须先施工止浆垫；每段停注压力必须大于２ＭＰａ。堵水后，成桩率达１００％。     

3104铝合金低液位铸造扁锭质量研究

文章研究了低液位铸造过程中液位高度、石墨内衬温度和冷却水流量对440×1320mm规格3104铝合金铸锭质量的影响。结果表明:控制液位高度使铸模单独冷却距离在20~25mm,确保石墨内衬与结晶器壁贴合严密使石墨内衬温度低于200℃,优化冷却水量使铸锭启铸阶段第一主应力数值从165MPa减小至102MPa,能够获得高表面质量无裂纹铸锭。     

Metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved in calcium-induced LTP of AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated responses in the rat hippocampus

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of "white coat" hypertension (20%), but it is still controversial if it implies an increase in cardiovascular risk. PATIENTS: Between 1992 and 95 we prospectively studied 175 untreated hypertensive patients aged over 18 years (V Joint National Committee's stage I-II), and 91 controls. DESIGN AND METHODS: The subjects were submitted to clinical evaluation, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 24-hour Holter monitoring, signal-averaged ECG, echocardiography/Doppler and ergometry. "White coat" hypertension was defined as mean daytime (6.00-22.00 H) ambulatory blood pressure < 136/87 mm Hg (males) and < 131/86 mm Hg (females). RESULTS: "White coat" hypertension was present in 29 patients (18%). "White coat" hypertension patients had an identical prevalence of smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, abnormal ECG and retinopathy (> Keith-Wagener II) as patients with daytime hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure values (24 hour, 6.00-22.00 h, 22.00-6.00 h, sleep, blood pressure load, heart rate) were all significantly different from controls (p < 0.03 to 0.0007). In patients with daytime hypertension, only 24 hour and daytime diastolic ambulatory blood pressure (p < 0.005) were different from "white coat" hypertension patients. Exercise testing blood pressure values (6 min exercise, maximal, 3 min recovery) were significantly different between "white coat" hypertension patients and the control group (n = 70) (p varying from 0.05 to 0.005) but not between "white coat" hypertension and daytime hypertension (n = 33) patients. Diastolic function was studied only in 39 daytime hypertension patients, 10 individuals with "white coat" hypertension and 34 controls (for technical reasons and because we only analyzed individuals younger than 55 years). E velocity and E/A ratio were similar in "white coat" hypertension and daytime hypertension, but only in daytime hypertension patients they reached a significant difference from controls (p = 0.04; p = 0.01), probably due to the small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS: These data (clinical, ambulatory blood pressure, ergometric, diastolic function) suggest that "white coat" hypertension might not be a benign entity.     

热等静压原位合成SiC–TiC复相陶瓷的微观组织与性能研究

采用纳米级β-SiC粉末、Si粉末、C粉末以及微米级TiH_2粉末为原料,利用热等静压原位合成工艺制备了SiC–TiC复相陶瓷,研究了不同原位合成反应和烧结工艺对复相陶瓷微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:以SiC、TiH_2、C粉末为原料的原位合成反应,无明显副反应发生,更有益于制备成分符合预期、致密度良好且性能优秀的SiC–TiC复相陶瓷。在1600℃,120 MPa,4 h等静压烧结工艺下原位合成得到的体积分数为SiC–32%TiC复相陶瓷具有最好的致密度、硬度、三点弯曲强度以及良好的断裂韧性,分别达到98.7%、21.2 GPa、428 MPa和5.5 MPa·m1/2。提高热等静压压力有助于提高材料的烧结扩散活性,从而提高材料的致密度,有益于力学性能的提升。     

Finite-Element Analysis of Double-Free-Surface Flow through Slit in Dam

The fluid loads on some hydraulic structures and the free-surface profiles of the flow need to be determined for design purposes. This is a difficult task because the governing equations have nonlinear boundary conditions. The goal of the present work is to develop a suitable and accurate numerical procedure for the computation of free-surface profiles, velocity and pressure distributions, and flow rate for a 2D gravity fluid flow through a conduit in the pattern of a free jet. The problem involves two highly curved unknown free surfaces and arbitrary curve-shaped boundaries. These features make the problem more complicated than the flow under a sluice gate or over a weir. A combination of a variable domain and a fixed domain finite-element method is used to solve the problem. The results of the calculations show good agreement with previous flow solutions for the water surface profiles and pressure distributions throughout the flow domain and on the gate. Results are also confirmed by conducting a hydraulic model test.     

Thermal Analysis of a Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coated Diesel Engine Piston

In this paper, we evaluated performance-enhancing modifications of the coating surface for a diesel engine piston. Thermal barrier coatings were applied to insulate the substrate from higher operating temperatures. A top coat (0.4 mm thick) and bond coat (0.1 mm thick) were applied to the aluminum alloy piston crown for analysis. Yttria-stabilized zirconia was used for the top coat and NiCrAl alloy was used for the bond coat. A static thermal analysis was performed to determine the temperature distribution at the top and substrate surface. Holes (2, 3, 4 and 5 mm in diameter) were created on the surface of the coating and the temperature distribution was analyzed. Comparison of the results with those of an uncoated piston revealed that the temperature of the substrate was decreased while temperature of the top surface was increased. Decreasing the temperature of the substrate reduced thermal fatigue while increasing the temperature of the top surface reduced fuel consumption thus leading to an overall improvement in performance. The lowest substrate temperature obtained was for a coated surface with 2 mm diameter holes, whereas the highest top surface temperature obtained was for a coated surface with 5 mm diameter holes.     

水压自封管形阀的结构设计与应用

水压自封管形阀可与管道融为一体，依靠自来水的压力均衡地压住圆锥阀芯关闭阀门，刚性圆锥面密封可靠、耐高压同温、耐腐蚀，能代替闸阀，又能做水龙头，结构简单，操作简便，用途广泛。     

Changes in left ventricular structure and function in patients with white coat hypertension: cross sectional survey

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relation between white coat hypertension and alterations of left ventricular structure and function. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey. SETTING: Augsburg, Germany. SUBJECTS: 1677 subjects, aged 25 to 74 years, who participated in an echocardiographic substudy of the monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease Augsburg study during 1994-5. OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood pressure measurements and M mode, two dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography. After at least 30 minutes' rest blood pressure was measured three times by a technician, and once by a physician after echocardiography. Subjects were classified as normotensive (technician <140/90 mm Hg, physician <160/95 mm Hg; n=849), white coat hypertensive (technician <140/90 mm Hg, physician >=160/95 mm Hg; n=160), mildly hypertensive (technician >=140/90 mm Hg, physician <160/95 mm Hg; n=129), and sustained hypertensive (taking antihypertensive drugs or blood pressure measured by a technician >=140/90 mm Hg, and physician >=160/95 mm Hg; n=538). RESULTS: White coat hypertension was more common in men than women (10.9% versus 8.2% respectively) and positively related to age and body mass index. After adjustment for these variables, white coat hypertension was associated with an increase in left ventricular mass and an increased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.2; P=0.009) compared with normotensive patients. The increase in left ventricular mass was secondary to significantly increased septal and posterior wall thicknesses whereas end diastolic diameters were similar in both groups with white coat hypertension or normotension. Additionally, the systolic white coat effect (difference between blood pressures recorded by a technician and physician) was associated with increased left ventricular mass and increased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (P<0.05 each). Values for systolic left ventricular function (M mode fractional shortening) were above normal in subjects with white coat hypertension whereas diastolic filling and left atrial size were similar to those in normotension. CONCLUSION: About 10% of the general population show exaggerated inotropic and blood pressure responses when mildly stressed. This is associated with an increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.     

The difference between clinical ambulatory measured blood pressure and daily monitored pressure does not reflect the "white coat effect"

The difference between clinic and average daytime ambulatory blood pressure is frequently used to identify patients with "white coat" hypertension (i.e. with a pronounced pressor response to the clinical evaluation) although there is no evidence that this difference is indeed due to a white coat effect. In 28 mild hypertensive outpatients, the blood pressure was continuously recorded by a noninvasive finger device before and during the doctor's visit. The peak blood pressure increase, recorded during the visit was compared with the difference between clinic and daytime average ambulatory blood pressure. Peak increases in systolic and diastolic finger blood pressure during the doctor's visit were 38.2 +/- 3.1 mmHg and 20.7 +/- 1.6 mmHg, respectively compared to pre visit values (means +/- standard error, both p < 0.01). Daytime average systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 135.5 +/- 2.5 mmHg and 89.2 +/- 1.9 mmHg, both being lower than the corresponding clinic blood pressure values (146.6 +/- 3.6 mmHg and 94.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg, p < 0.01). Their differences, however, were < 30% of the peak finger blood pressure increase during the physician's visit. While the physician's visit was associated with tachycardia (+9.0 +/- 1.6 b/min, p < 0.01) there was no difference between clinic and daytime average heart rate. The alerting reaction and the pressor response induced by the physician's visit is not reflected by the difference between clinic and daytime average blood pressure. Such a difference is not therefore a reliable measure of the white coat effect.