聚丙烯无纺布预辐射固相接枝丙烯酸的研究

以聚丙烯(PP)无纺布为基材,以丙烯酸为单体,进行预辐射固相接枝聚合,考察了外部环境、辐射剂量、温度、反应时间、单体用量、介质、阻聚剂、交联剂对接枝率的影响。结果表明,通过预辐射固相接枝聚合方法,可将丙烯酸单体接枝在PP无纺布上,辐射剂量增大可提高接枝率;反应时间对接枝率的影响在低、高温阶段有所不同。最佳反应条件为:氮气环境,辐射剂量大于50 kGy,反应温度65℃,反应时间3 h,单体浓度30%,反应介质为水,阻聚剂0.8 g,交联剂用量为5 mL。     

聚丙烯无纺布接枝改性研究

采用Co射线辐射后的聚丙烯(PP)无纺布为原料,通过接枝改性制备PP接枝共聚物。研究了接枝条件对接枝率的影响。结果表明:选择丙烯酸为接枝单体,其质量分数为30%,交联剂质量分数5%,阻聚剂用量0.30 g,接枝反应温度65℃,反应时间3 h,PP无纺布的接枝改性效果显著,接枝率达84.95%。     

酸性可溶木质素胺的合成及其乳化性能研究

以碱木质素、甲醛和二乙烯三胺（DETA）为原料经过Mannich反应制备木质素胺。采用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振等方法对木质素胺的结构进行了表征，并分析了其溶解性能和乳化性能。红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱分析证明了DETA被成功地接枝到木质素的苯环上。合成条件优化时发现反应温度和反应时间对枝接率影响较小，而原料比的影响较大，在温度为80℃、反应时间6 h、甲醛和DETA物质的量比值为3.0、DETA和木质素质量比值为1.55条件下，木质素胺的含氮量最高可达16.95%。同时性能测试结果表明：木质素胺在酸性水溶液中的溶解性与其接枝率有明显的相关性，当木质素胺的含氮量达到16.59%以上时，其在酸性条件下的溶解性达到100%。将木质素胺制备成质量分数为5%、pH值为2的酸性皂液，并制备含固体62%的乳化沥青，经检测，木质素胺的酸性水溶性越好，其乳化沥青性能也越好；当木质素胺的含氮量达到16.95%，乳化沥青的筛上剩余量为0，1 d和5 d贮存稳定性分别小于1%和5%，颗粒的平均粒径均达到2.2 μm。     

聚丙烯固相接枝马来酸酐的研究

用固相接枝法在聚丙烯(PP)分子链上接枝马来酸酐(MAH),制备功能化聚丙烯。重点讨论了反应时间和反应温度以及单体浓度和引发剂浓度对接枝产物PP-g-MAH接枝率的影响。在其他条件不变的情况下,当反应时间为2h,反应温度为120℃,单体与PP的质量比为1∶1,引发剂用量为2.5%时,最大接枝率可达到1.6%。采用红外光谱表征了PP-g-MAH。     

PP无纺布辐射接枝MMA的研究

采用聚丙烯(PP)无纺布为基材,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,~(60)Co-γ射线预辐射接枝共聚的方法制备接枝共聚物,讨论了辐射剂量、反应温度、反应时间、单体浓度、阻聚剂和交联剂的用量等对接枝率的影响。结果表明,接枝反应的最佳条件为:辐射剂量60 kGy以上、接枝温度65℃、接枝时间2 h、MMA质量分数20%、交联剂质量分数5%、阻聚剂用量0．3g,该条件下PP的接枝率为6．5%。     

不同协助技术固相接枝改性聚丙烯的研究

分别采用有机分散剂、溶液浸渍和超临界二氧化碳(SC CO2)协助技术对聚丙烯(PP)进行固相接枝改性。通过自由基聚合制备了PP与马来酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酸(AA)的接枝共聚物(PP-g-MAH/AA),考察了单体投料量、反应时间、反应温度对接枝反应的影响,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对PP-g-MAH/AA进行了表征,并测试了接枝产物的水接触角、热稳定性、熔体流动速率和力学性能。实验结果表明,当单体投料量为6%,100℃下反应2h时,三种协助方法的接枝效率均达到最大值,SC CO2协助技术对PP接枝改性的接枝率和接枝效率较最高,可达5.33%和88.83%。测试结果表明,SC CO2协助技术制得PP接枝产物热稳定性最好、水接触角最小。     

线型低密度聚乙烯固相接枝丙烯酸丁酯的研究

利用固相接枝共聚的方法,制备了线型低密度聚乙烯接枝丙烯酸丁酯(LLDPE-g-BA)共聚物。讨论了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量、单体浓度对接枝率的影响,结果表明:随着反应温度的升高,反应时间的延长,引发剂用量以及单体/聚合物比例的增加,接枝率提高,最高接枝率达到10.12%。并用红外光谱表征产物的结构。LLDPE-g-BA可明显改善PET/LLDPE复合材料的界面相容性及力学性能。     

丙烯酸悬浮接枝聚丙烯纤维及性能的研究

借助超声波促进接枝反应的原理,使用二甲苯作为界面剂,使丙烯酸(AA)溶胀渗透到聚丙烯(PP)纤维的表面,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂,在水溶液中发生悬浮接枝反应。研究单体浓度、反应时间、引发剂和温度等条件对接枝率的影响,并对接枝纤维进行红外和热分析表征。结果发现,接枝纤维有较高的吸湿性能和离子交换当量。反应的最佳条件是:反应温度90℃,反应时间3h,最佳投料比是PP:AA:BPO=1:3:0．02。     

超临界CO2辅助聚丙烯固相接枝丙烯腈的制备

在超临界CO2条件下,以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,制备聚丙烯接枝丙烯腈的接枝物(PP-g-AN)。讨论了反应温度,反应时间,反应压力以及单体用量对超临界条件下接枝率的影响,并且对接枝物进行了红外表征。结果表明,通过超临界CO2辅助的方法对PP进行接枝反应,在反应温度为140℃、反应时间为5h、AN用量为30%时,接枝率最大可以达到18.45%。产物的接枝率明显高于采用溶液法时的15%。     

聚丙烯膜接枝改性亲和膜的制备与表征

采用预辐射接枝法在聚丙烯基膜(PP)上接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA),再将配基辛巴蓝(CBD)固载于GMA聚合链上制备了一种亲和膜.考察了预辐射剂量、接枝单体浓度、反应时间和温度、Mohr's盐浓度对GMA聚合接枝的影响,获得了较佳的条件:GMA浓度20%(v/v),反应温度70℃,反应时间3h,Mohr's盐浓度0.01%(wt),CBD溶液浓度25mg·mL-1.用红外光谱 (FTIR)和扫描电镜 (SEM)分析和观察了该亲和膜的表面形貌特征;在37℃和60mg·L-1的胆红素溶液中对该亲和膜进行静态吸附平衡实验,结果表明,经2.5 h吸附达到平衡,其吸附容量可达50mg·g-1.     

Preparation of chelating fabrics by radiation‐induced grafting of itaconic acid and acrylonitrile onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics and subsequent amination of graft copolymer

A mixture of acrylonitrile (AN) and itaconic acid (IA) was cografted onto polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics by preirradiation method. The effects of graft polymerization conditions such as temperature, reaction time, Mohr's salt concentration, solvent mixture ratio, and comonomer composition on the total grafting yield were investigated. The addition of AN as a comonomer increased the amount of IA that reacted with PP fabrics. An increase in the temperature from 40 to 60°C increased the grafting rate, but the final grafting yield decreased at high temperature. The addition of 0.01 wt % Mohr's salt to the reaction medium leaded to a sharp increase of grafting yield. The accelerative effect of solvent medium on the grating yield was higher in dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol mixtures, when compared with DMF or methanol. Chelating fabrics was synthesized by subsequent amination of grafted fabric with ethylene diamine (EDA) and phenylhydrazine (PH). The conversion yield reached maximum value at about 90% for 80% PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabrics at 90°C. At same amination conditions, the conversion yield is higher when PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabrics react with EDA compared with PH. FT‐IR data indicate that amine groups were introduced onto PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabric through amide linkage between grafted AN or IA and EDA or PH. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Preparation of acrylic acid grafted polypropylene nonwoven fabric by photoinduced graft polymerization with preabsorption of monomer solution

We improved photoinduced graft polymerization by absorbing the monomer solution onto the substrate (Ab‐type) instead of immersing the substrate in the monomer solution (Im‐type) before photoirradiation to yield a more practical and effective grafting system. With this system, acrylic acid (AA) was effectively grafted onto polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric. The maximum degree of grafting obtainable was restricted by the amount of monomer preabsorbed onto the PP fabric. However, we effectively enhanced the degree of grafting by increasing the monomer concentration, adding trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) to the monomer solution, and repeating the photoirradiation with supplementation of the monomer solution. The net availability of the monomer for graft polymerization was 50% or greater; this increased to 90% or greater with the addition of TMPTA and was much higher than for conventional Im‐type photografting (≤13%). Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy morphology observations, and the adsorption–regeneration properties confirmed that the PP‐g‐AA fabric prepared by the improved Ab‐type photografting method had comparable qualities to those of fabric prepared by conventional Im‐type photografting. Thus, the improved Ab‐type photografting system provides potential for the preparation of graft adsorbents on a large scale at a competitive cost with a continuous reactor, such as a conveyer belt system, instead of a batch reactor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Ammonia adsorption behavior of polypropylene nonwoven fabric grafted with acrylic acid

An attempt was made to synthesize an adsorbent by the photoinduced grafting of acrylic acid (AA) onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics using benzophenone (BP) as a photosensitizer in a CH₃OH/H₂O medium. As the BP concentration was increased, the graft yield was increased up to a specific value and then decreased, and the effect of AA concentration showed the same tendency. It was also found that the graft yield increased with the reaction time and temperature. The amounts of ammonia adsorbed onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics grafted with AA (PP‐g‐AA) were dependent on the graft yield, adsorption time, and ammonia gas pressure. The adsorption capacity of PP‐g‐AA was 5.86 mmol/g at the graft yield of 116.6%, which was much higher than that of active carbon or silica gel. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 295–301, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10328     

Introduction of carboxylic acid group to polypropylene fabric for battery separator

Carboxylic acid group was introduced by radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid (AAc) onto a polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric for a battery separator. The AAc-grafted PP nonwoven fabric was characterized by IR, SEM, and TGA. The wetting speed, electrolyte retention, electrical resistance, and tensile strength were evaluated after grafting of AAc. It was found that the wetting speed, electrolyte retention, thickness, and ion-exchange capacity increased, whereas the electrical resistance decreased with increasing grafting yield. The elongation of AAc-grafted PP nonwoven fabric decreased with increasing grafting yield in dry state, whereas the elongation increased in wetting state.     

超临界二氧化碳协助双单体接枝聚丙烯

采用氧化法制备氢过氧化聚丙烯(HPP),然后用超临界二氧化碳(SC CO2)将单体苯乙烯(St)和季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)溶胀到HPP颗粒内,再通过热引发将单体接枝到HPP上.考察了溶胀温度、压力、接枝反应温度、时间及单体用量对产物接枝率与单体接枝效率的影响,并采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对接枝共聚物进行了表征.结果表明,合适的反应条件为30 g聚丙烯和0.5 g过氧化苯甲酰(BP0)在80℃反应2 h生成HPP,HPP与9 g苯乙烯(St)和季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)的混合物(St与PETA物质的量之比为1:1)在37℃,8.5 MPa的超临界CO2中溶胀3 h,再在80℃常压下反应8 h,得到双单体接枝聚丙烯,接枝率达到28%,接枝效率大于90%,且PETA和St同时接枝到了PP分子链上,聚合物的耐热性增强.     

PBT熔喷非织造布的接枝改性研究

研究了以高锰酸钾/硫酸为引发剂,丙烯酰胺与PBT熔喷非织造布的接枝共聚反应。考察了溶胀剂甲苯浓度、高锰酸钾浓度等因素对接枝共聚反应的影响规律。结果表明:当甲苯质量分数为2.0%、高锰酸钾浓度为0.001 5 moL/L、硫酸浓度为0.30 moL/L、预引发温度为60℃、预引发时间为60 min、丙烯酰胺浓度为0.35 moL/L、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为3.5 h时,接枝效果最佳。     

Functional finishing by using atmospheric pressure plasma: Grafting of PET nonwoven fabric

Poly (ethylene terephtalate) (PET) nonwoven fabric was treated with He/O₂ plasma to produce peroxides and grafted with acrylic acid (AA) for introducing carboxyl groups onto PET surface. The graft yield increased with AA concentration from 1.5M to 2.5M, and then decreased with further increase in AA concentration. Graft yield increased with sodium pyrosulfite (SPS) concentration from 0.005M to 0.02M, and then decreased with further increase of SPS concentration. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that both of plasma treatment and AA grafting increased oxygen content and decreased carbon content on the PET nonwoven fabric surface. The grafted PET nonwoven fabric showed increase in moisture regain and dye uptake. And drastic increase in wettability was observed after grafting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3655–3659, 2007     

Lipases improve the grafting of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics with acrylic acid

In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics were modified with two types of commercial lipases, namely, Lipex and Lipolase, and grafted with acrylic acid (AA) to improve their absorption properties. The effects of the enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, time, and pH on the grafting of AA onto PET were investigated. The pretreatment of PET with lipases increased the amount of AA that was introduced to the PET fibers, whereas AA grafting onto the untreated PET fabrics led to lower graft yields. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the AA‐grafted pretreated polyester fabrics. A new band appearing at 1546 cm^?1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum implied that AA was introduced onto the PET fabrics. The surfaces of the fabric fibers presented in scanning electron microscopy micrographs clearly indicated the formation of a layer of grafted poly (acrylic acid). The results show that the density of surface grafting was improved by the lipase pretreatment. The increase in grafting was higher for Lipex than for Lipolase. The highest graft yield was obtained with 1% Lipex and Lipolase for 30 min at pH values of 7 and 5, respectively. There were no significant changes in the tenacity or weight reduction of the fabrics. The moisture content of the samples increased linearly with increasing graft yield. This was higher for the pretreated fabrics grafted with Lipex. A higher color strength was obtained for grafted PET samples that were pretreated with Lipex when they were dyed in alkaline aqueous solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010