基于乙醇灌注边孔光纤的Sagnac干涉型温度传感器

提出并研究了一种基于乙醇灌注边孔光纤(SHF)的Sagnac干涉型温度传感器。边孔光纤是一种高双折射光纤,其包层中纤芯两侧具有两个空气孔。将乙醇填充进边孔光纤的空气孔中,利用乙醇的折射率随温度的变化,改变边孔光纤的双折射系数,使Sagnac干涉仪的输出谱发生波长漂移,从而实现了温度传感。实验获得该传感器在20℃～80℃的温度变化范围内灵敏度为86.8pm/℃,为普通光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的8倍。     

基于全固光子带隙光纤的传感器的特性研究

为了实现对基于全固光子带隙光纤（AS-PBF）的传感器的特性研究,采用了双锥型模式干涉仪的结构,使用熔接机在一根AS-PBF上间隔一段距离制作两个锥形光纤,制备出一种基于双锥型模式干涉的特种光纤传感器。与传统单模光纤或折射率传导的光子晶体不同,AS-PBF的纤芯有效折射率较低,而包层有效折射率较高。通过理论分析和实验验证,测量研究了这种光纤结构对温度和轴向应力的响应。实验结果表明,温度灵敏度和轴向应力灵敏度分别为~63pm/oC和~-1.74nm/ N。与长周期光栅、布拉格光栅相比,基于全固带隙光纤的双锥型模式干涉传感器具有制备简单、结构紧凑等优势,在光纤传感领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于单侧几何形变结构的全光纤Michelson干涉高温传感器

利用CO2激光脉冲对标准单模光纤(SMF)单向形成较小的几何形变,把部分基模能量耦合到光纤包层,制作了一种新型的在线型Michelson干涉传感器。理论分析了这种几何微扰激发的包层模特性,并利用芯模-包层模较大的热光系数差,把这种传感器应用于高温测量。实验结果表明,这种干涉传感器的温度灵敏度为0.093 7nm/℃,并且在800℃温度范围内具有良好的线性和重复性。这种制作简单、结构稳定、体积小和灵敏度高的全光纤在线型Michelson温度传感器将具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

On the temperature characteristics of phase measurement in homodyne fiber interferometer

Different from the traditional way of using piezoelectric (PZT) phase shifter to measure phase difference, a new method is designed to calculate it between signals in the two arms of a homodyne fiber interferometer. A simple homodyne fiber interferometer system is then established to measure the interference photocurrent and the photocurrents from the two fiber arms generated by the signal power on a temperature control plat. The homodyne fiber interferometer system is composed of fiber and sensitive to the variation of temperature. Thus, is necessary to study the temperature characteristics in the phase measurement of homodyne fiber interferometer. The experimental results show that the variation of the phase difference of signals in the two fiber arms is proportional to the variation of temperature.     

在光纤拼接处刻写长周期光纤光栅及其传感应用

在"单模光纤-细芯光纤"拼接处刻写了 Type Ⅱ 型长周期光纤光栅,构成一种高温光纤传感器.该传感器实际由2 段不同的长周期光纤光栅级联构成,在第二个光栅形成了 Mach-Zehnder 干涉,因此,传感器透射谱由长周期光纤光栅与Mach-Zehnder 干涉仪共同作用形成.利用传感器的透射谱与环境温度的线性变化关系...     

基于细芯光纤内嵌马赫曾德尔干涉仪的应变传感器

研究了基于细芯光纤内嵌马赫曾德尔干涉仪的光纤应变传感器,通过将一根细芯光纤熔接在两根单模光纤(SMF)之间,构成了一种光纤内干涉的马赫曾德尔干涉仪。当单模光纤中的光耦合进细芯光纤时,一部分光耦合进细芯光纤纤芯作为芯模传输,另一部分光耦合进细芯光纤包层中激发出包层模沿包层传输,当芯模和包层模再耦合进单模光纤时发生干涉。当应变作用在细芯光纤上时,干涉条纹发生漂移。通过解调干涉条纹对应变的漂移量实现应变测量,在0~2000 με的测量范围下,测得的应变灵敏度为-1.83 pm/με,并且实验结果与理论分析有很好的一致性。该传感器具有体积小、制作简单、灵敏度高等优点。     

Intermodal interference based refractive index sensor employing elliptical core photonic crystal fiber

A refractive index (RI) sensor based on elliptical core photonic crystal fiber (EC-PCF) has been proposed. The asymmetric elliptical core introduces the polarization-dependent characteristics of the fiber core modes. The performances of intermodal interference between the intrinsic polarization fiber core modes are investigated by contrast in two interferometers based on the Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) and Sagnac interference model. In addition, the RI sensing characteristics of the two interferometers are studied by successively filling the three layers air holes closest to the elliptical core in the cladding. The results show that the M-Z interference between LP01 and LP11 mode in the same polarized direction is featured with the incremental RI sensing sensitivity as the decreasing interference length, and the infilled scope around the elliptical core has a weak correlation with the RI sensing sensitivity. Due to the high birefringence of LP11 mode, the Sagnac interferometer has better RI sensing performance, the maximum RI sensing sensitivity of 12 000 nm/RIU is achieved under the innermost one layer air holes infilled with RI matching liquid of RI=1.39 at the pre-setting EC-PCF length of 12 cm, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the M-Z interferometer with the same fiber length. The series of theoretical optimized analysis would provide guidance for the applications in the field of biochemical sensing.     

光纤光栅与法珀微腔温度应变双参量传感器

针对光纤应变传感器的温度-应变交叉敏感性问题,研究了一种结合光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)与法布里-珀罗(FP)微腔的光纤FBG-FP混合型温度应变双参量传感器.该传感器由两根垂直切割的单模光纤穿入一段石英毛细管(Glass capillary),并在石英毛细管两端固定制成,其中一根光纤端面附近预刻FBG,两根光纤端面间距为...     

基于偏振光干涉的一种新型的光纤光栅解调系统

提出一种先进的基于偏振光干涉的光纤光栅解调实现方法 ,偏振光干涉仪也是一种能将布拉格波长移动转化为干涉相位变化的非平衡干涉仪。与传统的非平衡干涉仪不同 ,偏振光干涉仪是利用折射率ne 和no 的差而不是利用光路长短的差来实现非平衡干涉的。另外 ,由于偏振光干涉是发生在有着优良双折射特性的钒酸钇(YVO4)晶体中而不是在石英光纤中 ,这样就可避免石英光纤引入的干涉噪声。通过分析钒酸钇晶体的性质指出 ,利用这种方法来实现光纤光栅温度检测 ,其最小温度测量精度可达± 0 4℃。     

Seawater temperature and salinity sensing based on in-fiber Michelson-Fabry-Perrot hybrid interferometer employing frequency domain decomposition method

We propose an in-fiber Michelson-Fabry-Perrot (M-FP) hybrid interferometer for the simultaneous measurement of seawater temperature and salinity. The sensor head consists of two parallel hetero Fabry-Perot (FP) cavities fabricated on the end face of the twin core fiber (TCF). A fiber fusion taper is used to split and recouple the light in the two cores. In this case, the Vernier effect can be obtained which can greatly enhance the sensitivity and solve the problem of temperature cross-sensitivity. Different from the traditional demodulation method based on envelop detection, we employed frequency domain decomposition method (FDDM) to demodulate the sensing signal. The simulation results indicate that the proposed sensor has high sensitivity to salinity and temperature. Thanks to the merits of high sensitivity, ease of fabrication and small footprint, the proposed seawater temperature and salinity sensor would have potential applications in marine science, food industry and ocean ranching.     

基于游标效应的高灵敏光纤温度和应变传感器

提出一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪(FSI)和偏振模干涉仪(PMI)级联结构的高灵敏光纤温度和应变传感器。FSI作为参考干涉仪,是将对温度、应变、弯曲及扭转不敏感的椭圆芯保偏光纤(ECPMF)引入到Sagnac环内制得的。PMI作为传感干涉仪,是对光纤起偏器与末端端面镀金的熊猫型保偏光纤(PMF)的快轴/慢轴以45°角进行熔接制得的。参考干涉仪的自由光谱区(FSR)易被调整为接近传感干涉仪的FSR,从而产生光学游标效应,实现灵敏度放大。实验结果表明:所设计的级联传感器的温度灵敏度达15.56 nm/℃,是单个PMI的11.12倍;应变灵敏度达154.04 pm/με,是单个PMI的11.81倍。所设计的传感器具有灵敏度高、制作简单、稳定性好等优点,在航空航天、工业生产等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Cross-sensitivity of Fiber Grating Solved by FFP Triangle Notch Filter

Employing a fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) interferometer has been considered as a triangle notch filter to demodulate the wavelength of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. The single parameter of strain has been demodulated, and the cross-sensitivity influence of temperature has been eliminated. The principle of this method is simple and easy to be implemented, and has been used to design a 30 t fiber grating weightbridge successfully. The maximal temperature drift error of the weightbridge is 4με, which means that the full scale error is 8‰. The result reveals that the accuracy is high enough to be used in measurement.     

Fiber Inline Core–Cladding-Mode Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Fabricated by Two-Point CO$_{2}$ Laser Irradiations

We report a fiber inline Mach–Zehnder-type core–cladding-mode interferometer fabricated by two-point CO$_{2}$ laser irradiations on a single-mode fiber. The laser irradiations caused efficient light coupling from the core mode to the lower order cladding modes and vise versa. High-quality interference spectra with a fringe visibility of about 20 dB were observed for four different interferometer lengths (5, 10, 20, and 40 mm). The temperature sensitivity of the device with a length of 5 mm was measured to be 0.0817 nm/$^{circ}$C. The sensitivity for refractive index measurement of the device was comparable with a long-period fiber grating of LP$_{04}$ cladding mode.      

A Novel 3-D Microcavity Based on Bragg Fiber Dual-Tapers

In this paper, a novel 3-D microcavity based on Bragg fiber dual-tapers is proposed. The principle and characteristics of the Bragg fiber dual-taper are analyzed firstly, showing that the dual-taper can function as a fiber mirror. Its reflection and transmission can be adjusted by the design of taper structure parameters. Then, the structure of a 3-D microcavity composed by two Bragg fiber dual-tapers is investigated by the finite-difference time domain method. The relation between the cavity-mode wavelengths and the cavity lengths shows that it can be looked as a Fabry–PÉrot cavity, using the Bragg fiber dual-tapers as the mirrors. By proper design, a cavity-mode Q factor up to $4.0093times 10^{6}$ can be realized in this cavity. Its characteristics as narrowband filters are investigated, showing that its transmission spectrum has the shape of Lorenz curve and a finesse up to $10^{5}$ can be realized if cavity mode with a high Q factor is used. The analysis shows that high-quality 3-D light confinement can be realized in the proposed Bragg fiber dual-taper microcavity, which has great potential in high-efficiency light-emitting devices and small fiber components.      

Research on Michelson interference refractive index sensing technique based on double-core microfiber

We propose a novel refractive index sensor based on Michelson interferometer by using double-core microfiber. Through the reflection of the end and taper of double-core fiber (DCF), the Michelson interference spectrum is formed. Owing to the structure characteristic of double-core microfiber, this interferometer can achieve the measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. The experimental results show that the refractive index sensitivity of the interferometer is 2 377.80 nm/RIU at the diameter of the taper waist of 8.76 µm. In the temperature ranges from 30 °C to 60 °C, the temperature sensitivity is 0.070 48 nm/°C. This sensor has the advantage of high refractive index sensitivity.     

一种Sagnac干涉仪结构的光子晶体光纤温度传感器

采用Sagnac干涉仪结构,设计了一种高双折射光子晶体光纤环镜温度传感器。光子晶体光纤温度稳定性好,通过向高双折射光子晶体光纤空气孔填充热光系数高的液体材料乙醇,从而实现温度传感的目的。采用平面波展开法,分析了高双折射光子晶体光纤的双折射与传输波长和温度的关系。理论分析表明,填充乙醇后,高双折射光子晶体光纤的双折射随着传输波长和温度的增加而增加,且双折射与温度成线性关系。实验中将一段填充乙醇的高双折射光子晶体光纤与3 dB耦合器熔接制作成Sagnac干涉仪结构的光纤环镜,当温度从 45 ℃升至80 ℃时,光谱仪上观察到凹点λi向短波方向漂移了309.280 nm,温度灵敏度高达8.837 nm/℃。     

马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的应用研究

主要介绍马赫-曾德尔干涉仪在传感和解调方面的应用及其优势。在传感领域,应变和温度都会引起马赫-曾德尔干涉仪相位的变化,基于此提出一种利用马赫-曾德尔干涉仪和光纤布拉格光栅测量应变和温度的传感系统,并分析系统的工作原理。     

Merged Sagnac-Michelson interferometer for distributed disturbancedetection

An interferometric technique is described to detect and locate perturbations along an optical fiber. This distributed sensor has a position dependent response to time-varying disturbances such as strain or temperature. These disturbances cause a phase shift which is detected and converted to spatial information, The sensor consists of a Sagnac interferometer merged with a Michelson interferometer. This is achieved by a frequency selective mirror in the center of the Sagnac-loop. The sensor is illuminated by two light sources with wavelengths λ₁ and λ₂, respectively. The mirror reflects λ₁ and transmits λ₂, causing the interferometer to operate as a Michelson at wavelength λ₁ and as a Sagnac at wavelength λ₂. Any time-varying perturbation on, the fiber will, result in a signal at λ₂ proportional to the product of the rate of phase change caused by the perturbation and the distance of the perturbation relative to the position of the mirror. The output of the Michelson interferometer at wavelength λ₁ is proportional to the phase change caused by the unknown perturbation. By dividing the output of the Sagnac interferometer by the time rate of change of the Michelson interferometer signal, the position of the disturbance relative to the mirror is located. Results obtained with a 200 m-distributed fiber sensor are discussed     

Strain-insensitive and high temperature fiber sensor based on a Mach–Zehnder modal interferometer

In this paper, a strain insensitive high temperature fiber sensor based on the modal interferometer is proposed. It is composed of a piece of small-core photosensitive fiber (SCPSF) which is spliced between two pieces of single mode fiber (SMF). Compared to other high temperature fiber sensor based on the modal interferometer, the sensor owns the highest temperature sensitivity of 106.64 pm/°C from 200 °C to 1000 °C. The temperature to strain cross sensitivity of the sensor is low and only 0.00675 °C/με. The reasons for realizing the high temperature sensitivity is also discussed.     

Single mode fiber dislocation Mach-Zehnder interfero- meter cascaded with fiber Bragg grating for monitoring metal electrochemical corrosion

An optical fiber sensor composed of a dislocation Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) cascaded with a fiber Bragg grating(FBG) is proposed, and it is used to monitor the electrochemical corrosion of metals in experiments. The dislocation interferometer is composed of two segments of single-mode fiber(SMF) and one segment of dislocation SMF. The contact surface is increased between the fiber and the environment, which helps to improve the interference sensitivity. The relationship between the disloc...