基于线调频小波路径追踪阶比跟踪算法的齿轮箱故障诊断研究

针对阶比跟踪转速获取硬件方法需要额外安装转速测量设备,软件方法精度不高、抗噪能力弱的问题,提出基于线调频小波路径追踪瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱阶比跟踪故障诊断方法。该方法利用基于线调频小波路径追踪瞬时频率估计算法适于分解频率呈曲线变化的非平稳信号的特点,采用其对齿轮箱的啮合频率分量进行估计以获取转速信号,依据转速信号对等时间间隔采样信号进行等角度重采样,将非平稳信号转化为角域平稳信号,得到振动信号的阶次谱,判断齿轮箱故障。仿真算例与应用实例表明上述方法在瞬时频率估计方面具有精度高和抗噪能力强的优点,可以根据信号自身的特点自适应的选择基函数,准确地对转速进行估计,其与阶比跟踪算法的结合能有效诊断齿轮箱故障。     

旋转机械虚拟式振动信号特征分析仪

介绍了一种用于分析旋转机械振动信号的仪器, 该仪器可以有效提取出振动信号的特征信息.该仪器具有先进的时频分析功能,另外,运用时频分析技术中的瞬时频率理论,提出并实现了基于峰值搜索的瞬时频率估计的阶比谱、阶比谱阵、阶比跟踪、阶比跟踪滤波、阶比分量提取等阶比分析功能.该仪器弥补了传统旋转机械分析仪器在旋转机械升/降速信号分析上的不足,弥补了现有仪器在旋转机械非平稳信号分析上对硬件需求的缺陷.实验结果表明该仪器具有很好的工程应用价值.     

基于多项式Chirplet变换和变分模态分解的变转速工况轴向柱塞泵故障诊断

针对变转速工况轴向柱塞泵故障诊断时故障特征提取困难的问题,提出了基于多项式Chirplet变换和变分模态分解的诊断方法。首先使用多项式Chirplet变换估计瞬时频率;然后基于估计的瞬时频率重采样,将时域非平稳信号转化为角域平稳信号;最后对角域信号进行变分模态分解。根据峭度对所得的本征模态函数分量进行重构并作包络阶次谱分析,判断轴向柱塞泵中轴承的故障类型。实验结果表明,该方法有效提取了变转速工况轴向柱塞泵轴承的故障特征。     

变速非平稳条件下滚动轴承故障特征提取方法研究

旋转机械设备启停、电压波动及载荷变化等因素使滚动轴承通常是在变速非平稳条件下运行,利用传统共振解调方法获得的谱图将变得模糊,无法识别故障特征.根据该条件下滚动轴承损伤点冲击引起的固有谐振信号频率不变的特点,利用连续小波分析方法提取固有谐振信号,通过瞬时频率估计、阶比跟踪手段进行阶比谱分析,提出滚动轴承故障特征阶比系数的概念和计算方法.将故障特征阶比系数与阶比谱进行比较,可以很好地识别滚动轴承损伤类故障.     

瞬变信息提取与机器诊断

机器的二次信号往往因机器故障产生大量的冲击、摩擦以及运行转速的不稳定、负荷的变化导致非平稳信号的产生.对非平稳信号分析,付氏变换效果不佳,需要研究这类信号的局部时频特征,提取瞬变信息方能准确地诊断.本文介绍处理非平稳信号的新型工具——小波分析、短时付氏变换两种时频分析方法.最后用小波分析、短时付氏变换和付氏变换对机器的实测振动信号进行分析.说明了小波分析、短时付氏变换作为时频分析方法对处理非平稳信号比付氏变换优越.     

基于瞬时故障特征频率曲线提取的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于瞬时故障特征频率曲线提取的阶比分析诊断方法，首先，采用希尔伯特变换获得滚动轴承振动信号的包络信号；然后，采用同步挤压小波变换对包络信号进行时频分析，根据所得时频图确定滚动轴承瞬时故障特征频率曲线的频率范围，经过阈值处理、频率校准、曲线拟合估计瞬时故障特征频率；最后，根据瞬时故障特征频率进行等角度重采样及频谱分析获得阶比谱，根据故障特征系数和阶比谱图判定轴承故障。     

6205-2RS轴承内圈故障特征时频分析

分析6205-2RS轴承内圈故障时变信号,提取故障特征。通过对短时傅里叶变换与Wigner-Ville分布数值仿真实验比较,明确了短时傅里叶变换与Wigner-Ville分布的时频分析优缺点。针对非平稳轴承振动信号,利用短时傅里叶变换,结合Wigner-Ville分布进行了故障特征提取。通过提高短时傅里叶变换汉明窗点数,结合Wigner-Ville分布参数调整与轴承部件的旋转频率计算,给出了6205-2RS轴承内圈故障特征结果。该方法能较准确地诊断轴承内圈的故障现象。     

基于时变滤波与CWT的齿轮箱无转速计阶次跟踪

针对转频波动工况下复杂齿轮箱系统振动信号中各啮合阶次成分相互干扰,导致对啮合频率估计困难的情况,提出一种基于时变滤波与连续小波变换(CWT)结合的无转速计阶次跟踪齿轮箱故障诊断技术。基于短时傅里叶变换(STFT)设置时变滤波器;通过时变滤波及连续小波变换(CWT),获得平滑的瞬时频率估计(IFE);再基于Vold-Kalman滤波(VKF)获得参考轴相位。该方法获得的阶次谱与计算阶次跟踪(COT)相当。最后,结合快速谱峭度算法可准确判断故障齿轮位置。通过仿真和实验表明,无转速计方法能为强噪声转速明显波动工况下的机械故障诊断提供一种新的有效手段。     

阶比分析技术在变速箱下线诊断中的应用

文中对下线变速箱在升、降速模式下的故障诊断进行了研究,使用基于瞬时频率估计的阶比跟踪算法,实现对非平稳信号的等角度采样,然后分析下线变速箱诊断的故障类型,计算某型号变速箱齿轮和轴的特征阶,最后通过实际应用表明,阶比分析技术可准确诊断出变速箱中定比传动零件的故障.     

基于SWT与IEWT的齿轮无转速计阶次跟踪

针对变转速工况下,多级齿轮传动低速级齿轮故障信号易受背景噪声干扰,导致频谱特征模糊,微弱故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于同步压缩小波变换(Synchrosqueezing Wavelet Transform, SWT)与改进经验小波变换(Improved Empirical Wavelet Transform, IEWT)相结合的齿轮无转速计阶次跟踪方法。首先为提高无转速计阶次跟踪瞬时频率估计精度,设计连续小波变换-椭圆时变滤波器(Continue Wavelet Transform-Elliptic Time-Varying Filtering, CWT-ETVF)对齿轮振动信号滤波降噪,依据滤波所得单分量的SWT时频分布进行峰值搜索,以实现高精度的瞬时频率估计,然后对时变故障信号等角度重采样获得角域平稳信号。针对EWT方法频谱分割不合理的问题,提出一种依据频谱包络趋势进行边界划分的改进经验小波变换方法对角域平稳信号自适应分解。最后选择合适分量自相关去噪,并通过阶次解调分析识别故障特征。仿真及实测局部断齿数据分析表明,该方法可以准确提取变转速齿轮时变微弱故障特征。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.