基于开口圆锥近场探针的太赫兹超分辨成像研究

基于近场探针的太赫兹扫描成像系统能够突破衍射极限探究物质隐藏的细节,但是传统基于微纳加工工艺的近场探针存在工艺复杂、传输损耗较大的缺点。提出了一种基于空心圆波导的渐变开口圆锥形近场探针设计方法,所设计的探针能够通过圆波导实现低损耗传输,同时利用渐变开口圆锥形针尖实现亚波长聚焦。为了验证方法的可行性,采用3D打印技术对所设计的探针进行加工,然后基于高精度三维扫描平台搭建了一套0.1 THz近场扫描成像系统。实验结果表明该探针能够实现亚波长超分辨聚焦,实验结果与仿真结果一致。     

太赫兹近场成像技术及进展

太赫兹(THz)波具有能量低、穿透性强、频带宽等特点,因而太赫兹成像技术在无损检测、生物医药、安全检测等众多领域得到了广泛应用,在实际应用中如何提高太赫兹成像的分辨力变得越来越重要。由于太赫兹近场成像技术可突破衍射极限,获得分辨力为亚微米甚至是纳米量级的高质量图像,基于近场技术的高分辨THz成像技术相继被提出,并得到了进一步的应用。本文首先阐述了太赫兹近场成像的基本原理;其次总结了近场成像进展及增强方法;最后对太赫兹近场成像的未来进行了展望。     

基于半导体光子学器件的太赫兹成像技术研究进展

太赫兹(THz)成像是THz技术应用的重要方向之一。基于THz量子级联激光器(QCL)和THz量子阱探测器(QWP)等半导体光子学器件的THz成像系统具有结构紧凑、空间分辨率高、成像信噪比较高等优点,已成为当前研究的热点领域。对国内外关于THz QCL和THz QWP器件在远场和近场成像应用方面的研究进行了系统综述,分析了THz成像系统的构成和成像效果,总结了各THz成像系统的性能参数情况,并探讨了THz成像系统性能提升的途径及其应用前景。     

连续太赫兹波偏振成像检测

研究了一种基于偏振特征的连续太赫兹(THz)波成像检测技术。实验采用相干公司SIFIR-50连续THz波激光器作为光源,搭建THz实时偏振成像系统。根据目标透射光偏振特性的差异,利用日本NEC公司IRV-T0831C型非制冷测微辐射热THz相机,获取金属结构、货币水印和隐藏物体三类典型目标的THz波透射图像,计算目标的斯托克斯参量图像和偏振图像,分析了THz波偏振成像的检测特性。实验表明,THz偏振成像技术既发挥了THz波无损成像的优势,又能有效提高目标的识别效率,使不同目标物体的成像差异最大化。     

THz实时检测系统数据通道设计

THz技术作为一种新兴技术,随着人们对其性质和应用研究的不断深入,发现THz辐射成像在安全检测领域有着独特的优势和广阔的应用前景.该设计基于CCD和DSP设计了一套THz波段的实时图像采集和处理系统.一方面选用面阵CCD、A/D转换电路对THz信号进行光电转换和模数转换,实现了对THz信号的高速采集,达到了实时性.另外...     

0.33 THz雷达三维近场成像系统设计及成像试验

提出了采用步进频率结合平面扫描的THz雷达近场成像系统设计方案,基于宽带全息成像原理,可以实现三维高分辨率近场成像。采用多通道收发探头阵列缩短机械扫描行程,提高成像速度。给出了基于快速傅里叶变换（Fast Fourier Transform,FFT）和Stolt插值的三维图像重建算法,成像理论分辨率与波长相当。利用THz矢量网络分析仪和辅助设备,搭建了0.215~0.33 THz成像试验装置,完成了对多层金属-泡沫目标三维成像,成像分辨率达到预期水平,验证了系统设计和三维图像重建算法的正确性。     

0.2THz连续波近场扫描成像方法及实验研究

太赫兹(Terahertz-THz)电磁波是指频率在0.1THz～10THz(波长在30μm～3mm)之问的电磁波,它的独特性质使得它在许多领域具有重要的应用前景.本文简要地综合了THz信号的产生与检测方法以及THz成像技术的发展概况,基于固态电子学和准光学技术研究了一种0.2THz连续波成像方法,利用搭建的成像系统开展了典型目标的成像实验及其图像处理方法的研究.成像结果表明, 0.2THz电磁波对泡沫塑料、纸盒、皮革等非极性材料具有较好的穿透能力,系统的成像分辨率优于3mm.本文的研究成果在安检、生物医学成像、无损检测等方面具有广阔的应用前景,也为便携式THz成像系统的实现提供了可能.     

THz焦平面探测器及其成像技术发展综述

THz探测器作为THz成像系统的核心器件,一定程度上制约着THz成像技术的发展,鉴于单元/多元探测器的光机扫描成像模式存在的问题,THz焦平面探测器成像成为THz探测技术发展的方向。介绍了近年来国内外在THz焦平面探测器,特别是基于VOx的THz焦平面探测器及其成像技术的研究进展,分析了THz焦平面探测器及其成像模式的发展前景。本文对于研究THz成像技术及应用的发展具有重要的参考意义。     

GPU 加速条件下基于相位补偿反投影算法的太赫兹 ISAR 成像

介绍了0.22 THz步进频率雷达系统及二维高分辨率ISAR成像方法。该雷达系统的合成带宽为12GHz,可以同时实现近场及远场成像。在近场条件下,该系统在距离向和方位向实现二维高精度成像,通过相位补偿反投影算法,太赫兹ISAR图像的分辨率可以达到厘米量级。研究结果表明,采用同样的太赫兹频率步进雷达系统,基于反投影算法的太赫兹ISAR成像可以实现更高的精度和更精细的分辨率。为了加速成像过程,采用了GPU的加速平台,该方法为进一步开展近场高分辨率雷达成像,特别是太赫兹波段雷达成像提供了研究基础。     

水下近场探测与成像的光学调制技术研究

基于光学调制的水下探测与成像技术是目前最先进的水下光电探测技术之一。本文结合国外最新的理论研究成果、实验装置与实验结果对水下近场探测与成像的光学调制技术进行了进一步的探索。论证了光学调制技术作为水下探测方面的最新技术,其相对于众多成熟技术的优势与在该领域的发展潜力,并对水下环境特征、基于频域的水下探测技术以及应用于水下近场成像的时变强度调制技术进行了分析与讨论。     

Imaging and Analysis of THz Surface Plasmon Polariton Waves with the Integrated Sub-wavelength Aperture Probe

We demonstrate that the integrated sub-wavelength aperture probe designed for THz near-field scanning probe microscopy can be used to map surface plasmon waves at THz frequencies. Observed near-field images of metallic patterns reveal surface plasmon waves superimposed over THz transmission images. We discuss the coupling mechanism for the surface waves and arrive to an important conclusion that the detected surface wave images represent the spatial derivative of the surface plasmon electric field. The relationship between the electric field and the measured signal is confirmed experimentally by mapping surface waves in bow-tie antennas. This study explains previously observed effects in THz near-field microscopy and provides a framework for analysis of near-field images.     

小孔径蝴蝶型光电导天线太赫兹辐射源的研究

研究了5种小孔径光电导天线的太赫兹发射特性,并且对它们所发射的太赫兹波进行了对比,为研制高效率的太赫兹波发射源提供了参考依据。利用太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了光电导天线发射的太赫兹（THz）脉冲,得到了时域发射光谱,并通过快速傅里叶变换得到相应的频域光谱。结果表明,太赫兹信号强度随偏置电压的增大而增强;随着泵浦激光功率的增大而增强并出现饱和现象。偏置电压与泵浦激光功率相同时,我们对比5种光电导天线产生的太赫兹信号,从中找到了一种发射效率较高的小孔径光电导天线,并且研究了电极形状、电极间距对光电导天线发射效率的     

Analysis of terahertz waveforms measured by photoconductive andelectrooptic sampling

Terahertz (THz) waveform measurements by photoconductive (PC) sampling and free-space electrooptic sampling (FS-EOS) are analyzed and quantitatively compared. Our data suggest that a short dipole antenna used in a PC receiver contributes a flat frequency response when used without a substrate lens and a jω response when used with a substrate lens, for the specific THz frequency range and optical system investigated in our experiments. These findings are explained using results from basic antenna theory. Experiments testing our theory for a variety of THz waveforms (obtained by using different THz emitters and simple as well as shaped optical excitation pulses) and for different carrier lifetimes are also presented. Finally, we demonstrate near-field effects in the PC sampling measurements of broad-band THz waveforms and explore the evolution of THz radiation from the near field into the far field     

Improving Spatial Resolution of Real-Time Terahertz Near-Field Microscope

Terahertz (THz) wave imaging for biomaterial samples such as cells requires real-time acquisition and high spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit. The existing THz near-field microscopes are based on raster-scanning techniques, and are therefore not able to image and trace morphological changes in a large area. With the recent advances in high-power THz sources, we demonstrated how to achieve high spatial resolution over a large size using a conventional charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera with the electro?Coptic (EO) sampling technique. In this paper, we determine a limiting factor that restricts spatial resolution in our near-field microscope. By calculating the imaging performance of the probe beam together with THz wave diffraction, we show that the most relevant factor is the diffraction inside the EO crystal. Near-field imaging of metal patterns using EO crystals with different thicknesses supports this calculation. A thin EO crystal is essential for achieving THz images with high spatial resolution.     

小孔径螺旋型光电导天线的太赫兹辐射特性研究

研究了小孔径螺旋型光电导天线的太赫兹辐射特性.利用太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了螺旋型光导天线辐射的太赫兹波谱,得到了其时域发射光谱.通过快速傅里叶变换得到相应的频域光谱,同时对两种不同孔径螺旋天线的太赫兹辐射特性进行了比较.实验结果表明,太赫兹信号强度会随偏置电压的增大而增强;在偏置电压和泵浦光功率相同的情况下,较小孔径的...     

Terahertz radiation of a butterfly-shaped photoconductive antenna (invited)

The terahertz(THz) far-field radiation properties of a butterfly-shaped photoconductive antenna (PCA) were experimentally studied using a home-built THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS) setup. To distinguish the contribution of in-gap photocurrent and antenna structure to far-field radiation, polarization-dependent THz field was measured and quantified as the illuminating laser beam moved along the bias field within the gap region of electrodes. The result suggests that, although the far-field THz radiation originates from the in-gap photocurrent, the antenna structure of butterfly-shaped PCA dominates the overall THz radiation. In addition, to explore the impact of photoconductive material, radiation properties of butterfly-shaped PCAs fabricated on both low-temperature-grown GaAs(LT-GaAs) and semi-insulating GaAs(Si-GaAs) were characterized and compared. Consistent with previous experiments, it is observed that while Si-GaAs-based PCA can emit higher THz field than LT-GaAs-based PCA at low laser power, it would saturate more severely as laser power increased and eventually be surpassed by LT-GaAs-based PCA. Beyond that, it is found the severe saturation effect of Si-GaAs was due to the longer carrier lifetime and higher carrier mobility, which was confirmed by the numerical simulation.     

Scalable Microstructured Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

The development of scalable emitters for pulsed broadband terahertz (THz) radiation is reviewed. Their large active area in the 1 – 100 mm² range allows for using the full power of state-of-the-art femtosecond lasers for excitation of charge carriers. Large fields for acceleration of the photogenerated carriers are achieved at moderate voltages by interdigitated electrodes. This results in efficient emission of single-cycle THz waves. THz field amplitudes in the range of 300 V/cm and 17 kV/cm are reached for excitation with 10 nJ pulses from Ti:sapphire oscillators and for excitation with 5 μJ pulses from amplified lasers, respectively. The corresponding efficiencies for conversion of near-infrared to THz radiation are 2.5 × 10^-4 (oscillator excitation) and 2 × 10^-3 (amplifier excitation). In this article the principle of operation of scalable emitters is explained and different technical realizations are described. We demonstrate that the scalable concept provides freedom for designing optimized antenna patterns for different polarization modes. In particular emitters for linearly, radially and azimuthally polarized radiation are discussed. The success story of photoconductive THz emitters is closely linked to the development of mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers. GaAs is an ideal photoconductive material for THz emitters excited with Ti:sapphire lasers, which are widely used in research laboratories. For many applications, especially in industrial environments, however, fiber-based lasers are strongly preferred due to their lower cost, compactness and extremely stable operation. Designing photoconductive emitters on InGaAs materials, which have a low enough energy gap for excitation with fiber lasers, is challenging due to the electrical properties of the materials. We discuss why the challenges are even larger for microstructured THz emitters as compared to conventional photoconductive antennas and present first results of emitters suitable for excitation with ytterbium-based fiber lasers. Furthermore an alternative concept, namely the lateral photo-Dember emitter, is presented. Due to the strong THz output scalable emitters are well suited for THz systems with fast data acquisition. Here the application of scalable emitters in THz spectrometers without mechanical delay stages, providing THz spectra with 1 GHz spectral resolution and a signal-to-noise ratio of 37 dB within 1 s, is presented. Finally a few highlight experiments with radiation from scalable THz emitters are reviewed. This includes a brief discussion of near-field microscopy experiments as well as an overview over gain studies of quantum-cascade lasers.     

太赫兹光电导天线发射装置的优化设计

为了研究金属纳米狭缝对太赫兹光电导天线辐射功率的影响,基于时域有限差分法对太赫兹波通过金属狭缝时的增强特性进行了分析计算,研究了太赫兹波通过金属纳米狭缝电场的增强幅度与狭缝宽度和太赫兹波频率之间的规律。结果表明,在太赫兹光电导天线发射装置上增加一个纳米狭缝能够增强太赫兹波的发射功率,频率为0.1THz的太赫兹波通过70nm宽度金属狭缝时,辐射功率最大可以增强800倍。该研究结果对太赫兹光电导天线结构的改进有一定的借鉴意义。     

The Role of Self-Similarity in Fractal Photoconductive THz Emitters

We present the effect of self-similarity in fractal photoconductive THz emitters. The performance of fractal THz PC emitters are compared to those of non-fractal emitters, and their radiation properties are studied. It is demonstrated that the THz radiation emission enhancement results from the inherent fractal self-similarity and not only from the sub-wavelength apertures pattern present on the antenna’s surface. Through the application of this concept, photoconductive THz emitters having higher THz radiation power could be designed and fabricated.     

光电导太赫兹天线及其研究进展

太赫兹科学技术是一门新学科,其关键技术是太赫兹波的产生。光电导天线是目前产生宽频带太赫兹波最重要的方法之一。光电导天线的几何结构对提高天线在太赫兹频段的效率、方向性、带宽等都非常重要。因此有必要对光电导太赫兹天线的各种几何结构和国内外研究进展做较为全面的评述,对其中存在的问题和解决思路进行分析,对未来研究发展的方向进行探讨。