聚氯乙烯搪塑粉塑化成型与温度的相关性

采用HAAKE流变仪和熔体流动速率测定仪,研究了在不同温度下2种聚氯乙烯搪塑粉MT1和MT2的塑化性能和熔体流动速率。结果发现,搪塑粉塑化时最大扭矩和塑化时间与温度呈明显的相关性,在180℃以下,温度越高,搪塑粉塑化扭矩越小,塑化时间越短;在相同温度下,MT2搪塑粉比MT1搪塑粉具有更高的塑化效率和更优异的熔融性能。通过偏光显微镜观察了2种搪塑粉在不同温度的熔融合并过程,展示了搪塑粉在熔融过程中的形貌演变特点,并定量计算了不同温度下2种搪塑粉熔融的相对铺展面积和速率。通过自制的搪塑机和模具制造了2种搪塑表皮,其搪塑成型性能与上述的实验结果能够很好地吻合。该研究有助于搪塑工艺和材料的优化设计。     

MWNTs/HDPE的导电性和流变学性质

利用熔融共混的方法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)导电复合体系,并研究了该体系的流变学性质和导电性质。流变测量结果表明,碳纳米管的加入使体系的黏度和模量有很大的提高,并且高填充含量时复合体系的黏度表现出强剪切变稀行为,而储能模量则在低频区出现所谓的"第二平台";从黏度、损耗模量随填充含量的变化图上可以看出,碳纳米管的质量分数达到8%时,黏度和损耗模量随含量增加的幅度明显增大,表明在该点形成了粘弹逾渗结构,该值和电阻测量得到的逾渗阈值相近。     

碳基纳米填料填充聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备与流变特性

采用熔融共混法分别制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)、炭黑(CB)、石墨微片(GNP)填充聚丙烯(PP)纳米复合材料。采用毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪对所制备的复合材料的黏度尺度效应和动态流变特性进行了实验研究。研究发现,填充材料的形态和含量都会对黏度的尺度效应和粘弹性产生影响。各填充体系的剪切黏度都会随着粒子质量分数的增加而增大,不同直径口模下的剪切黏度偏差值有逐渐减小的趋势,炭黑填充体系具有明显的黏度尺度效应。填充体系的储能模量和损耗模量均随着粒子质量分数的增加而增大。     

动态硫化过程中EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体的相态演变及流变行为

采用转矩流变仪制备三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯热塑性弹性体(EPDM/PP-TPV)。通过扫描电子显微镜观察二甲苯蚀刻后样品低温脆断面,并用旋转流变仪测试EPDM/PP-TPV的流变性能。扫描电镜分析结果表明,EPDM的充油量对EPDM/PP-TPV的相态结构有明显的调控作用,充油量达到30%时,体系分散程度最佳,硫化过程可实现相逆转;橡塑比对简单共混体系相态分布有明显调控作用,对动态硫化体系相态分布影响不大;适当提高转速会改善体系分散程度,转速为50 r/min时,交联EPDM颗粒粒径最小。流变性能测试结果表明,EPDM/PP-TPV试样在低频末端区会出现"第二平台",充油量为30%时,复数黏度最低,分散程度达到最佳,与扫描电镜分析结果一致;储能模量和损耗模量随着橡塑比的增大而增大,当橡塑比达到50/50时,整个频率范围内储能模量大于损耗模量;转速对EPDM/PP-TPV的复数黏度影响不大,转速为50 r/min时,储能模量达到最大值。     

基于熔融沉积成型的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯的制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

通过熔融共混法制备了不同质量比的聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)共混物。采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机及差示扫描量热仪等研究了共混物的动态流变行为、微观形貌、力学性能和热性能,并通过线材机牵引成直径为1.75 mm左右的线材进行熔融沉积成型(FDM)。结果表明,加入TPU后能提高材料的储能模量,使熔体弹性增强,利于熔融铺丝。TPU能改善材料的冲击韧性,且随着TPU含量的增加而增大。另外,PLA/TPU熔融共混后体系的结晶能力下降,对熔融沉积成型收缩翘曲具有抑制作用。当TPU质量分数为10%时,线材的熔融沉积成型效果最好。     

基于熔融沉积成型的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯的制备与表征

通过熔融共混法制备了不同质量比的聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)共混物。采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机及差示扫描量热仪等研究了共混物的动态流变行为、微观形貌、力学性能和热性能,并通过线材机牵引成直径为1.75 mm左右的线材进行熔融沉积成型(FDM)。结果表明,加入TPU后能提高材料的储能模量,使熔体弹性增强,利于熔融铺丝。TPU能改善材料的冲击韧性,且随着TPU含量的增加而增大。另外,PLA/TPU熔融共混后体系的结晶能力下降,对熔融沉积成型收缩翘曲具有抑制作用。当TPU质量分数为10%时,线材的熔融沉积成型效果最好。     

MC尼龙6/Kevlar纤维复合材料的动态流变性能

利用应力熔体流变仪研究了MC尼龙6及MC尼龙6/Kevlar纤维(KF)复合材料的动态流变性能。结果表明,随着剪切频率ω的增加,MC尼龙6及其复合材料熔体的动态黏度η′均减小,储能模量G′和损耗模量G″均增大;随着纤维用量的增加,MC尼龙6的熔体黏度呈增加的趋势;低频率时,纯MC尼龙6熔体以粘性流动为主,高频率时,熔体以弹性流动为主;加入纤维后,复合材料的熔体以粘性流动为主,且不同纤维含量的复合材料有着相似的G′~ω和G″~ω。这些结论也可由lgG′~lgG″关系图得到。     

改性微晶纤维素/线性低密度聚乙烯复合材料的流变性能

采用硅烷偶联剂3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)对微晶纤维素(MCC)进行改性,通过熔融共混法制备了改性MCC/LLDPE复合材料,并对复合材料的流变行为和动态力学性能进行了研究。动态流变测试结果表明,所有复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度随着MCC含量的增加而增加,而受温度的影响变化不大。稳态流变结果表明,MCC/LLDPE复合材料熔体均为假塑性流体,在高剪切速率下复合材料较纯LLDPE有着更低的剪切黏度。动态力学分析结果表明,MCC的加入大大提高了复合材料的刚性。     

HDPE/UHMWPE共混物的动态流变性能

将少量超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)引入高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)构成共混体系,考察了共混物的动态流变行为随组成、温度、频率的变化规律。研究结果表明,体系储能模量、损耗模量、复数黏度随UHMPWE含量增加而增大;Han曲线斜率均小于2且不存在温度依赖性;Cole-Cole曲线均呈半弧形未表现出相分离特征,说明共混体系在熔体状态下并未发生分相过程;所有试样的时温叠加(TTS)主曲线在低频区并未出现特殊的粘弹松弛行为,而在高频区随着UHMWPE含量增加,时温叠加原理失效现象更加显著。     

蒙脱土含量对尼龙1010复合材料流变行为的影响

通过熔融共混挤出法制备了不同蒙脱土(OMMT)含量的尼龙1010(PA1010)的复合材料,研究了OMMT的含量对PA1010/OMMT复合材料流变性能的影响。流变行为研究结果表明,增加OMMT的用量,复合材料储能模量、损耗模量、黏流活化能增大,零剪切黏度明显提高,当OMMT的用量大于5 phr时,PA1010/OMMT体系的黏度发生突变,储存模量-角频率曲线在低频区出现第二平台,对应于应变扫描曲线上出现的2段线性黏弹区域,而稳态流变测试表明,在210℃共混体系黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小,属于非牛顿流体,呈现出剪切变稀的现象,而透射电镜、X射线衍射结果表明,当OMMT的用量为7 phr时,OMMT主要以剥离的形式分散在基体中。     

Preparation, characterization and properties of acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites

The multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites were prepared through melt compounding method followed by compression molding. The spectroscopic study indicated that a strong interfacial interaction was developed between carbon nanotube (CNT) and the TPU matrix in the nanocomposites. The microscopic observation showed that the CNTs were homogeneously dispersed throughout the TPU matrix well apart from a few clusters. The results from thermal analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature (T_g) and storage modulus (E′) of the nanocomposites were increased with increase in CNTs content and their thermal stability were also improved in comparison with pure TPU matrix. The rheological analysis showed the low frequency plateau of shear modulus and the shear thinning behavior of the nanocomposites. The electrical behaviors of the nanocomposites are increased with increase in weight percent (wt%) of CNT loading. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites were substantially improved by the incorporation of CNTs into the TPU matrix.     

干混工艺对PVC搪塑制品中纳米颗粒分布和性能的影响

通过增加室温混合阶段并优化关键工艺参数的方式改进了聚氯乙烯(PVC)搪塑粉料的传统混料工艺,针对粒径60~80nm的活性CaCO_3和粒径100~120nm的金红石型钛白粉等纳米颗粒,对比研究了新混料工艺和传统混料工艺对无机纳米颗粒均匀分散的影响,并定量分析了在室温混合阶段的不同工艺参数下PVC搪塑粉料的流动性和搪塑制品的力学性能及热稳定性。结果表明:优化后的干混工艺不仅有效提高了搪塑表皮中纳米颗粒分散均匀性和搪塑粉料的流动性,而且明显改善了搪塑表皮的断裂伸长率、热稳定性和耐热挥发损失性。     

Miscibility analysis,viscoelastic properties and morphology of cyclic olefin copolymer/polyolefin elastomer (COC/POE) blends

Miscibility of cyclic olefin copolymer/polyolefin elastomer (COC/POE) blends over full composition range was investigated through determination of viscoelastic characteristics both at melt and solid state as well as by direct morphological analysis using experimental and theoretical approaches. The melt viscosity, storage modulus and Han diagrams were used for analyzing the rheological behavior. It was found that the storage modulus of neat COC was higher than that of neat POE, while the modulus of the blends were in between the modulus of the neat components. Palierne and Gramspacher–Meinssner models were used in order to predict the storage and loss moduli of COC and POE. Better correspondence of Palierne model with the experimental results was observed as compared to the other model. Contrary to the Veenstra model, the calculated modulus via Coran model was reasonably in good agreement with the experimental results for blends with co-continuous morphology. Dynamic mechanical investigations have revealed that COC/POE blends were immiscible which firmly supported the morphological and rheological findings.     

微晶纤维素/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯复合材料的流变行为

采用熔融共混法制备了微晶纤维素/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(MCC/PBS)复合材料,用高级毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪分别测定复合材料的稳态流变性能和动态流变性能,研究了不同MCC含量、不同温度对复合材料流变行为的影响。结果表明,复合材料的黏度与剪切速率的流变曲线符合幂律流体的特征,可以用幂律模型对其进行拟合;复合材料的黏度与温度的关系可用Arrhenius方程对其进行描述。在线性黏弹区,复合材料的储能模量(G′)维持恒定,当应变(γ)超过临界值(γ_c)时,复合材料进入非线性黏弹区,出现了"Payne"效应,并且随着MCC含量的增加,γ_c下降。在角频率(ω)扫描范围内,复合材料的储能模量(G′)、损耗模量(G″)和复数黏度|η*|均随着MCC含量的增加而增大。在相同的MCC含量下,G″的值始终大于G′的值,损耗因子(tanδ)均大于1。在低频区,G′出现第二平台。MCC/PBS复合材料加工流变特性的研究,对指导MCC/PBS复合材料的成型加工具有一定的价值。     

PVC搪塑粉的热降解特征及其动力学研究

粉末搪塑表皮被广泛应用在各种中高档汽车仪表板上.为了优化设计搪塑粉、提高热加工性能从而促进高档汽车国产化,本文首先利用热重分析和裂解气相色谱/质谱实验探讨搪塑粉的热降解失重特征,分析升温速率、实验气氛和搪塑加工对其热降解行为的影响,继而结合X射线荧光光谱实验对其热降解动力学进行研究.结果表明:搪塑粉的热降解过程可分为3个阶段,PVC和增塑剂的相互作用使其热降解过程更加复杂;随升温速率的增加,热降解失重曲线向高温区偏移;搪塑粉在有氧气氛中更易发生热降解,失重率较大;与搪塑粉相比,搪塑表皮的热稳定性能得到一定程度的提升;第1热降解阶段氮气条件下的热降解活化能和反应级数较小.     

Effects of introducing silica particles on the rheological properties and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/silica composites were prepared by melt compounding, and their rheological properties and isothermal crystallization were discussed. Introduction of silica particles (0.5–2 wt.%) increased the storage modulus (G′) and decreased loss tangent (tanδ). However, the effect of the particles on rheological properties became negligible at a high frequency more than ca. 70 rad/s. In the Cole–Cole plot, the PET/silica composites showed little deviation from the master curve regardless of the presence of silica particles. The particles increased the relaxation time of PET at particularly low frequency. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of PET/silica was examined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The half-time of crystallization was decreased with increasing the silica content. The incorporation of silica particles decreased the equilibrium melting temperature by ca. 5.5 °C. In addition, the composites exhibited higher average value of Avrami exponent (2.7–2.9) in comparison with that of pure PET (2.2).     

基于流变学的橡胶粉与基质沥青配伍性试验

基于流变学理论研究橡胶粉与不同来源基质沥青的配伍性,采用动态剪切流变仪（DSR）分别对不同基质沥青加工而成的橡胶沥青进行应变扫描、温度扫描、频率扫描等常规动态剪切流变试验,从相位角、复合模量和车辙因子等指标评价橡胶沥青黏弹特性,定性区分沥青四组分对橡胶沥青黏弹特性的影响,并对橡胶沥青进行滞回环试验,运用灰色关联数学分析方法定量给出沥青四组分对橡胶沥青的残余变形、弹性贮能、耗散能、弹性比例和复合弹性模量等指标的影响。结果表明：流变学理论是研究橡胶粉改性剂与基质沥青配伍性的有效方法;从能量角度评价沥青四组分对橡胶沥青黏弹特性指标的影响,沥青质对橡胶沥青残余应变影响较大;胶质组分对橡胶沥青弹性贮能和耗散能影响最大,而芳香分影响最小;沥青质组分对橡胶沥青弹性比例参数影响最大;芳香分含量可以提高橡胶沥青复合模量。     

水辅助注塑制件壁厚分析

根据水辅助注塑技术应用短射法成型中空圆管制品的聚合物熔体流动的基本特征,把水辅助注塑充模阶段聚合物熔体流动行为简化为等温条件下幂率流体的稳态流动,应用流体力学理论,对圆管水辅助注塑中影响制件壁厚的因素进行分析。结果表明,制件的壁厚主要由水与熔体界面处的压力梯度和熔体前端压力梯度的比值确定,同时制件壁厚也受熔体的流变性能影响。     

Rheology of polyaniline-dinonylnaphthalene disulfonic acid (DNNDSA) montmorillonite clay nanocomposites in the sol state: shear thinning versus pseudo-solid behavior

The melt rheology of polyaniline (PANI)-dinonylnaphthalenedisulfonic acid (DNNDSA) gel nanocomposites (GNCs) with organically modified (modified with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide)-montmorillonite (om-MMT) clay has been studied for three different clay concentrations at the temperature range 120-160 degrees C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dc-conductivity data (approximately 10(-3) S/cm) indicate that the PANI-DNNDSA melt is in sol state and it is not de-doped at that condition. The WAXS data indicate that in GNC-1 sol clay tactoids are in exfoliated state but in the other sols they are in intercalated state. The zero shear viscosity (eta0), storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") increase than that of pure gel in the GNCs. The pure sol and the sols of gel nanocomposites (GNCs) exhibit Newtonian behavior for low shear rate (< 6 x 10(-3) s(-1)) and power law variation for the higher shear rate region. The characteristic time (A) increase with increasing clay concentration and the power law index (n) decreases with increase in clay concentration in the GNCs indicating increased shear thinning for the clay addition. Thus the sols of om-clay nanocomposites of PANI-DNNDSA system are easily processible. The storage modulus (G') of GNC sols are higher than that of pure PANI-DNNDSA sol, GNC1 sol shows a maximum of 733% increase in storage modulus and the percent increase decreases with increase in temperature. Exfoliated nature of clay tactoids has been attributed for the above dramatic increase of G'. The PANI-DNNDSA sol nanocomposites behave as a pseudo-solid at higher frequency where G' and loss modulus (G") show a crossover point in the frequency sweep experiment at a fixed temperature. The crossover frequency decreases with increase in clay concentration and it increases with increase in temperature for GNC sols. The pseudo-solid behavior has been explained from jamming or network formation of clay tactoids under shear. A probable explanation of the two apparently contradictory phenomena of shear thinning versus pseudo-solid behavior of the nanocomposite sols is discussed.