带声学放大器的行波热声发动机声阻抗特性

通过分析带有声学放大器的行波热声发电系统中直线发电机的电-力-声类比图，发现直线发电机的最佳工作状态与行波热声发动机的输出声阻抗特性相关。采用DeltaEC软件计算带有声学放大器的行波热声发动机（以下简称系统）的输出声阻抗特性。计算结果发现，输出声阻抗虚部X_a为-1×10⁷ Pa·s·m^-3时，系统的最大输出声功率545.47 W，最大热声转换效率为7.2%；当输出声阻抗虚部X_a在-3.9×10⁶~-1×10⁷ Pa·s·m^-3之间变化，实部R_a在1.37×10⁶~2.31×10⁷ Pa·s·m^-3之间时，等效位移在1.89~6 mm之间变化，符合直线发电机的位移要求；结合输出声阻抗对压力与体积流率的相位差及系统工作频率的影响，发现声阻抗实部R_a应在1.37×10⁶~2.31×10⁷ Pa·s·m^-3之间，声阻抗虚部X_a在-7.5×10⁶~-1.0×107 Pa·s·m^-3之间时，系统具有较好的工作状态。     

锰锌铁氧体制备工艺及其对磁性玻璃陶瓷性能的影响

采用氧化物煅烧法、共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备锰锌铁氧体前驱体,并将其与生物玻璃陶瓷复合,制备磁性玻璃陶瓷。研究了不同工艺制备的铁氧体对材料磁性、生物活性和细胞亲和性的影响。结果表明,充磁至7.96×105 A/m,材料的饱和磁化强度在7.49～6.46A.m2/kg之间,矫顽力在9.95×103～1.60×104 A/m之间。其中使用共沉淀法制备铁氧体前驱体使复合材料磁滞回线包围面积最大,预期有最好的生热能力。而各铁氧体的掺入均导致材料生物活性下降,但在浸泡入模拟体液21d后,各材料表面均能生成类磷灰石层。将ROS17/2.8细胞与共沉淀法制备的铁氧体复合材料共同培养7d,材料显示出良好的细胞亲和性。     

Multiple implantation of29Si+ in semi-insulating GaAs and its characterisation

Formation of a uniformn-layer by multiple²⁹Si⁺ implantation on LEC grown semi-insulating GaAs 〈100〉 substrate and its characterisation by differential Hall measurement at room temperature is reported. The implantation energies are 60, 160 and 260 keV with corresponding doses of 1 × 10¹², 2·55 × 10¹² and 3 × 10¹² cm⁻². Asimplanted, uncapped substrates were furnace-annealed with face-to-face configuration in an N₂ ambient at 850°C with arsenic overpressure. After annealing, the samples were subjected to Hall measurements using Van der Pauw configuration. Experimental and theoretical (LSS) profiles are compared. Electrical activation of the dopant atoms was found to range from 65–90% with average mobility values lying between 2000–2300 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹. Uniform concentration of then-layer ∼ 10¹⁷ cm⁻³ up to a depth of 0·3 μm has been achieved. These layers are used for the fabrication of power MESFETs.     

Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2共晶陶瓷显微组织及力学性能的影响

为探索第三组元Y₂O₃添加对Al₂O₃/ZrO₂共晶陶瓷显微组织与机械性能的影响,本文利用低温度梯度的高温熔凝法制备了直径为20 mm的Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)共晶陶瓷块体,采用SEM、EDS及XRD技术对共晶陶瓷进行微结构分析,并利用维氏压痕法对其硬度和断裂韧性进行测试。SEM结果表明,凝固组织由群集的共晶团结构组成,随着Y₂O₃添加量的增加,共晶团形态由胞状转变为枝晶状,内部相间距在1~2 μm范围内变化。力学测试表明,Y₂O₃摩尔分数小于1.1%时,由于组织内部存在低硬度m-ZrO₂及微裂纹缺陷,故陶瓷硬度较低,约为(9.53±0.22 )GPa;当Y₂O₃摩尔分数为1.1%时,陶瓷硬度最大,约为(18.05±0.27)GPa;当Y₂O₃的摩尔分数大于1.1%时,由于共晶团边界区内气孔缺陷及粗大组织增多,引起陶瓷硬度值略有下降。低Y₂O₃摩尔分数添加时,陶瓷断裂韧性相对较高,约为(6.30±0.16)MPa·m^1/2,这与其内部存在大量微裂纹缺陷有关;随着Y₂O₃添加量的增加,陶瓷的微裂纹数量减少、边界区内缺陷增多,断裂韧性降低。     

包覆镍铁氧体涂层的多孔陶瓷复合材料的制备与电磁性能

以多孔碳化硅陶瓷为基体,采用高分子凝胶法制备了包覆镍铁氧体涂层的多孔陶瓷复合材料。复合材料的结构、包覆涂层的表面形貌和电磁性能分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和HP8510 网络分析仪进行研究。结果表明,当锻烧温度为600℃时,在多孔陶瓷表面有立方晶系尖晶石结构的镍铁氧体晶相生成。随着包覆层数的增加,多孔陶瓷表面的镍铁氧体涂层的致密度和均匀性逐渐增强。与多孔陶瓷基体相比,包覆镍铁氧体涂层的多孔陶瓷的介电损耗角正切值tanδ_ε减小,而磁损耗角正切值tanδ_μ增大,表现出较好的磁损耗特性,tanδ_μ值最大可达0.45。包覆镍铁氧体涂层的多孔陶瓷在X波段的tanδ_μ值随频率的升高呈减小趋势。     

热处理对Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2凝胶玻璃粉体结构与性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂系玻璃粉体,在200 ℃、400 ℃、600 ℃和800 ℃温度下分别对凝胶玻璃粉体进行热处理,借助SEM、TEM、XRD、FT-IR、Raman、XPS、DSC、热膨胀仪及“纽扣”烧结实验分别测定了经不同温度热处理后玻璃粉体的结构与性能,分析了其结构变化对玻璃粉体转变温度T_g和烧结特性的影响。结果显示,在实验温度范围内,随热处理温度升高,Bi³⁺逐渐进入玻璃网络中,[BiO₆]八面体和[BiO₃]三角体、[BO₄]四面体和[BO₃]三角体分别与[SiO₄]四面体以顶角相连的方式构建玻璃网络结构。O1s和Bi4f的电子结合能逐渐增大,B1s的电子结合能减小,玻璃网络结构稳定性增强,导致玻璃转变温度T_g及玻璃膨胀软化点温度T_d升高、 润湿性降低且热膨胀系数略有降低。经600 ℃热处理后,玻璃粉体具有较优的烧结性能,T_g、T_d分别约为485 ℃及542 ℃,热膨胀系数α约为7.067×10-6/℃。     

SiC fibre by chemical vapour deposition on tungsten filament

A CVD system for the production of continuous SiC fibre was set up. The process of SiC coating on 19 μ m diameter tungsten substrate was studied. Methyl trichloro silane (CH₃SiCl₃) and hydrogen reactants were used. Effect of substrate temperature (1300–1500°C) and concentration of reactants on the formation of SiC coating were studied. SiC coatings of negligible thickness were formed at very low flow rates of hydrogen (5 × 10⁻⁵ m³/min) and CH₃SiCl₃ (1.0 × 10⁻⁴ m³/min of Ar). Uneven coatings and brittle fibres were formed atvery high concentrations of CH₃SiCl₃ (6 × 10⁻⁴ m³/min of Ar). The flow rates of CH₃SiCl₃ and hydrogen were adjusted to get SiC fibre with smooth surface. The structure and morphology of SiC fibres were evaluated.     

Insulating ZnO film on silicon for MIS application

High resistive zinc oxide thin film (∼ 0·5 μm) was deposited on single crystalp-silicon (100) wafers by an inexpensive spray-CVD method and was characterized both optically and electrically. Al/ZnO/Si (MIS) device structure was subsequently fabricated and bothI − V andC − V characteristics were studied. The semiconductor-insulator interface charge density (D _it) was calculated by Terman method and was found to be 3·85 × 10¹¹ cm⁻²eV⁻¹.     

含锰锌铁氧体磁性生物活性玻璃陶瓷制备工艺及其性能研究

在磷灰石/硅灰石生物活性玻璃陶瓷(A-WGC)中掺杂锰锌铁氧体, 制备出一种新型的磁性生物活性玻璃陶瓷, 并研究了不同制备工艺对其磁性和生物活性的影响. 结果表明, 使用不同掺杂工艺制备的材料的主晶相均为硅灰石、磷灰石、氟磷灰石和分子式为Zn_0.75Mn_0.75Fe _1.5O₄的锰锌铁氧体. 在充磁至7.96×10⁵A·m^-1时, 各材料的饱和磁化强度相差不大, 在5.4~5.9A·m²·kg^-1之间. 材料的生物活性与烧结前和锰锌铁氧体前驱体复合的A-WGC原料的反应活性有关, A-WGC原料的反应活性越低, 材料的生物活性越好. 比较各材料, 采用将A-WGC前驱体高温煅烧后再与锰锌铁氧体前驱体固相混合的工艺制备的材料具有良好的磁性和较高的生物活性.     

Zn含量对溶剂热合成纳米铁氧体颗粒的影响

为研究铁氧体液相合成的生长机理及价态变化,以乙二醇为溶剂,乙酸钠作为碱源,采用溶剂热方法合成尖晶石型Mn1-xZn_xFe₂O₄(x=0、0.5、1)纳米颗粒,通过X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、氮吸附比表面仪和光电子能谱仪对样品的物相、微观形貌、比表面积和离子价态进行分析。结果表明:3组样品均为尖晶石结构,未出现杂相,晶粒度从37.5 nm增大至43.2 nm;存在由Fe^{3+还原而来的Fe2+,Fe3+与Fe2+含量比约为4∶[KG-2mm]1,导致衍射峰均向右偏移。粉末形貌特征为近球形颗粒,其生长依靠纳米晶之间的定向附着(OA)和自整合。增加Zn2+}含量可促进颗粒的整个OA生长过程,粒径95 nm减小至82 nm, 比表面积由45.14 m²/g减小至27.84 m²/g。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.