玄武岩格栅增强水泥基复合材料单轴拉伸力学性能试验及本构关系模型

考虑玄武岩纤维增强树脂合物基复合材料(BFRP)格栅层数和水泥基复合材料(ECC)配比等因素,对BFRP增强大掺量粉煤灰/矿粉ECC棒骨试件进行了静力单轴拉伸试验,研究掺加增强粉煤灰/矿粉ECC的抗拉力学性能。结合试验数据,基于Richard和Abbot的弹塑性应力-应变公式提出掺加增强ECC的应力-应变本构关系模型。试验结果表明:随着掺加层数的增加,格栅增强ECC的极限抗拉强度显著增大。同配合比掺矿粉制成的ECC抗压强度、开裂应变及应力高于掺粉煤灰制成的ECC。掺加增强掺矿粉ECC试件相对掺粉煤灰ECC试件具有较好的抗拉力学性能。计算结果表明,建立的单轴受拉本构关系模型可以有效地预测掺加增强ECC的应力-应变关系和极限抗拉强度。     

聚丙烯纤维再生混凝土损伤本构模型的研究

基于Weibull统计分布理论和Lemaitre等效应变假定原理,推导出聚丙烯纤维再生混凝土单轴受压损伤本构模型,对聚丙烯纤维再生混凝土进行单轴受压试验,根据试验数据,确定了该模型参数,通过试验曲线和模型曲线的对比分析发现两者拟合较好。基于考虑中间主应力、拉压性能影响的适用于任何材料的统一强度理论,推导出聚丙烯纤维再生混凝土的双剪损伤本构模型,建立了纤维混凝土损伤本构模型从单轴到双轴的转化方法。     

ECC单轴受拉损伤本构模型研究EI北大核心CSCD

通过单轴拉伸试验,讨论了PVA纤维体积掺入量和水胶比对工程用水泥基复合材料(ECC)受拉力学性能参数(开裂应变、开裂应力、峰值应变、峰值应力、极限应变以及应力-应变关系曲线)的影响规律。基于此,从损伤力学的角度讨论了ECC在单轴受拉过程的开裂前阶段、应变硬化阶段以及应变软化阶段的损伤演化机制。进而,基于ECC受拉损伤演化机制提出ECC受拉损伤本构模型,并给出模型相关参数的计算方法,分析表明:该文提出损伤模型得到的ECC受拉损伤演化曲线能更为合理的描述ECC的损伤演化全过程。最后,该文损伤模型计算的ECC受拉应力-应变关系曲线和试验曲线对比结果表明,所提出的模型能够合理的描述ECC受拉非线性应力-应变关系特征,且具有良好的精度。     

超高性能混凝土单轴拉压本构关系研究

超高性能混凝土（UHPC）是一种具有超高强度、超高耐久性和超高韧性的新型水泥基复合材料,因其优越的性能而受到国内外土木工程领域的广泛关注,具有广阔的工程应用前景。单轴受拉和受压应力-应变本构模型是进行UHPC构件力学性能分析的前提和基础。为了进一步深入研究UHPC力学性能,本文归纳总结了国内外不同学者提出的UHPC本构模型,包括单轴受压应力-应变关系和单轴受拉应力-应变、应力-裂缝宽度关系,对其进行了分类和比较,发现了现有模型的共同点和存在的差异,并对这种差异进行了原因分析,最后将部分本构关系应用于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对高强钢筋UHPC梁进行数值模拟,并与试验结果对比,验证了部分本构模型的合理性,最后提出了一些研究结论。本文研究成果将为UHPC的结构性能研究进行结构分析和结构设计提供依据。      

高强箍筋约束高强混凝土轴心受压本构关系研究

约束混凝土是克服高强混凝土脆性的重要措施,采用高强箍筋约束能够有效的改善受压构件的力学性能。同时,约束混凝土的本构关系是结构非线性分析的基础,本构关系的选取对计算结果的合理性有显著影响。该文基于多组高强箍筋约束高强混凝土轴压试验数据,提出了改进的约束混凝土本构模型,分析了高强箍筋应力的发挥水平,给出了约束混凝土峰值应力、峰值应变和极限应变的计算公式。计算结果表明建议的本构模型与试验曲线符合较好。该模型可用于高强箍筋约束混凝土构件的非线性分析。     

箍筋约束混凝土单轴受压塑性损伤本构模型

基于所建立的素混凝土单轴塑性损伤模型,研究箍筋约束作用对混凝土单轴受压作用下损伤行为的影响,引入损伤约束因子来综合体现在约束作用下不同物理量对材料损伤演化规律的影响,将单轴受压混凝土的塑性段分成塑性第一阶段和塑性第二阶段,确定了方形箍筋和圆形箍筋约束下混凝土的损伤演化方程,并给出相应的塑性变形关系的经验公式,建立了箍筋约束混凝土的单轴受压塑性损伤本构模型。通过与单轴荷载作用下约束混凝土的试验结果对比分析,验证了所建模型的有效性,结果表明所建模型能较好反映混凝土材料在约束作用下的本构关系。     

ABAQUS中混凝土本构模型用于模拟结构静力行为的比较研究

对大型通用有限元程序ABAQUS中的混凝土弥散开裂模型和塑性损伤模型进行了详细的介绍,包括单轴应力-应变关系、裂缝模型、屈服准则、流动法则和滞回规则等。然后对混凝土本构模型中影响结构构件静力行为的关键因素进行了详细的对比分析,并结合采用不同混凝土模型对钢筋混凝土构件和钢-混凝土组合结构构件的受力行为的模拟结果,指出了分析实际结构构件时不同混凝土材料本构模型的适用情况,可供研究设计参考。     

混凝土结构用智能FRP筋的试验研究

在纤维增强聚合物Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)筋拉挤工艺中,将光纤布拉格光栅Optic Fiber Bragg Grating(OFBG)传感器与普通纤维束一起经过拉挤模具,为改进FRP筋与混凝土的粘结性能,在FRP筋表面螺旋缠绕纤维束,制备了智能OFBGFRP筋.对OFBG-FRP筋的力学性能和应变灵敏性能进行试验研究,试验结果表明OFBG-FRP筋的力学性能与普通FRP筋相同、OFBG-FRP筋的应变灵敏系数与普通光纤传感器相同、OFBG-FRP筋在重复荷载作用下性能良好.OFBG-FRP加筋混凝土梁受弯试验表明OFBG-FRP筋可以监测混凝土梁的开裂和FRP筋与混凝土的滑移.在OFBG-FRP筋中埋置多个光纤传感器可以监测沿FRP筋长度方向的应变分布及混凝土与FRP筋发生滑移的位置.OFBG-FRP筋在混凝土结构中可以作为受力材料和传感器.     

FRP配筋海水珊瑚骨料混凝土材料及构件力学性能研究进展

为解决钢筋锈蚀和资源短缺问题,具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀特点的纤维增强聚合物(FRP)筋以及与普通骨料力学性能相近的珊瑚骨料成为近年来人们研究的新材料。本文从FRP与珊瑚骨料的材料特性及珊瑚骨料混凝土力学性能、FRP筋与珊瑚骨料混凝土黏结性能以及耐久性、FRP筋海水珊瑚骨料混凝土梁、柱构件的受力性能三个方面,对国内外相关研究进行对比分析,归纳出现有研究成果,认为FRP筋与珊瑚骨料混凝土有较好的协调工作性,并且可以有效增强珊瑚骨料混凝土结构的性能。此外总结出目前FRP筋、珊瑚骨料等材料的局限性以及FRP珊瑚骨料混凝土构件使用性能、耐久性能和设计方法研究还存在的不足,为FRP筋海水珊瑚骨料混凝土这种新型结构的继续研究提供参考。     

玄武岩纤维特征参数对混凝土单轴受拉性能的影响

考虑玄武岩纤维体积分数和长径比两个主要因素,通过直接拉伸试验,研究玄武岩纤维对混凝土轴心受拉破坏形态、应力-应变全曲线、受拉荷载变形性能和韧性的影响。结果表明：玄武岩纤维增强混凝土单轴受拉破坏呈明显的塑性特征,玄武岩纤维显著增强了混凝土在轴心受拉荷载作用下的韧性;与普通混凝土(NC)相比,随着玄武岩纤维增强因子的提高,轴心受拉应力-应变全曲线特征点和断裂能均呈先增大后减小的趋势;基于轴心受拉应力-应变全曲线分析,提出关于纤维体积分数和长径比的玄武岩纤维混凝土轴心受拉应力-应变本构模型,可供玄武岩纤维混凝土结构和构件的非线性分析和工程设计参考。对比分析拉压比、折压比和单轴拉伸破坏断裂能3种韧性指标,发现断裂能可以准确评价玄武岩纤维增强混凝土(BFRC)受拉韧性,BFRC韧性较NC最大提升率为43.0%。     

双轴受压状态下的高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料本构模型

基于Darwin和Pecknold考虑混凝土双轴力学行为的方法,建立一个同时考虑双轴受压状态下非线性力学行为和抗压强度变化的高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)二维正交各向异性本构模型。在因双轴加载而产生的正交各向异性的2个方向上引入等效单轴应变,建立非线性应力-等效单轴应变关系以考虑ECC的双轴非线性行为,并采用一条双轴强度包络线确定2个方向上的抗压强度。推导模型的显式数值算法,编写包含该算法的用户自定义材料子程序UMAT,并嵌于有限元计算程序ABAQUS v6.14中。通过对两组不同配合比的ECC试件在不同应力比下的双轴受压加载试验进行数值分析验证本模型的有效性。数值计算得到的主压应力方向上的应力-应变曲线及预测的抗压强度与试验结果吻合较好,表明该文提出的本构模型能够有效地预测ECC在双轴受压状态下的非线性力学行为和破坏强度。     

Improved fiber distribution and mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites by adjusting the mixing sequence

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a class of ultra ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites, characterized by high ductility and tight crack width control. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber with a diameter of 39 μm and a length of 6-12 mm is often used. Unlike plain concrete and normal fiber reinforced concrete, ECC shows a strain-hardening behavior under tensile load. Apart from the mix design, the fiber distribution is another crucial factor for the mechanical properties of ECC, especially the ductility. In order to obtain a good fiber distribution, the plastic viscosity of the ECC mortar before adding fibers needs to be controlled, for example, by adjusting water-to-powder ratio or chemical admixtures. However, such adjustments have some limitations and may result in poor mechanical properties of ECC. This research explores an innovative approach to improve the fiber distribution by adjusting the mixing sequence. With the standard mixing sequence, fibers are added after all solid and liquid materials are mixed. The undesirable plastic viscosity before the fiber addition may cause poor fiber distribution and results in poor hardened properties. With the adjusted mixing sequence, the mix of solid materials with the liquid material is divided into two steps and the addition of fibers is between the two steps. In this paper, the influence of different water mixing sequences is investigated by comparing the experimental results of the uniaxial tensile test and the fiber distribution analysis. Compared with the standard mixing sequence, the adjusted mixing sequence increases the tensile strain capacity and ultimate tensile strength of ECC and improves the fiber distribution. This concept is further applied in the development of ECC with high volume of sand.     

Constitutive rheological control to develop a self-consolidating engineered cementitious composite reinforced with hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers

A self-consolidating engineered cementitious composite (ECC), which exhibits tensile strain-hardening behavior in the hardened state, while maintaining self-consolidating properties in the fresh state, has been developed by employing hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers. The constitutive rheological design approach is adopted to separately control the aggregation between cement particles and sedimentation behavior with a combination of a strong polyelectrolyte and non-ionic polymer. This study suggests an effective formulation approach of fresh cementitious mix to maximize its fluidity without segregation, regardless of solids concentration employed. The resulting self-consolidating PVA-ECC exhibits tensile strain up to 5%. Besides, the methodology of constitutive rheological control can be extended to formulating other self-consolidating cementitious materials with various types of polymeric admixtures.     

低成本PVA纤维对超高韧性水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

超高韧性纤维增强水泥基复合材料（ECC）因其出色的高韧性及多缝开裂特性备受关注,然而一直以来因配比中进口PVA纤维的使用导致高昂的价格限制了其在工程中的大规模应用。为了进一步降低成本及实现原材料的本土化,研究低成本国产PVA纤维对ECC力学性能的影响十分必要。通过单轴拉伸、压缩、三点抗弯及单裂缝拉伸等宏观、细观试验研究两种国产低成本PVA-ECC的力学性能,并借助纤维分散性试验及SEM,探讨纤维的分散等微观特征。结果表明,低成本国产纤维在基体中具有良好的分散性,尽管其纤维桥接余能、最大桥接应力及PSH指数低于进口纤维,但均能满足能量与强度准则,即便相对较差的纤维A试件的3 d、7 d及28 d的极限拉伸应变也可达到2.52%、3.34%及3.08%,可实现良好的应力硬化行为及饱和多缝开裂特性,满足ECC的使用要求。     

高韧性纤维混凝土单轴受压性能及尺寸效应

高韧性纤维混凝土(ECC)具有优异的韧性、卓越的耗散能力及裂缝无害化分布的特点,能够明显改善结构的抗震性能与耐久性。通过对三种不同高厚比的立方体与棱柱体共60个试件进行单轴受压试验,探究高韧性纤维混凝土的受压性能、变形机制及尺寸效应对试件力学性能的影响,测得了不同高厚比试件受压的应力-应变全曲线。结果表明:高韧性纤维混凝土在裂缝发展及破坏模式上与普通混凝土存在明显的区别,由于纤维的桥接作用,在加载过程中材料表现出较强的压缩韧性,试件破坏以后仍保持相对完整,极限压应变约为普通混凝土的10倍;当高厚比大于1时,材料抗压强度对尺寸的敏感性降低;峰值应变与抗压韧性系数随着高厚比的增加逐步减少。结合电镜扫描结果,对高韧性纤维混凝土中纤维的分布、桥接情况及纤维增韧增强机制进行了分析与讨论。     

Development of a stress-mode sensitive viscoelastic constitutive relationship for asphalt concrete: experimental and numerical modeling

Asphalt binder is responsible for the thermo-viscoelastic mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete. Upon application of pure compressive stress to an asphalt concrete specimen, the stress is transferred by mechanisms such as aggregate interlock and the adhesion/cohesion properties of asphalt mastic. In the pure tensile stress mode, aggregate interlock plays a limited role in stress transfer, and the mastic phase plays the dominant role through its adhesive/cohesive and viscoelastic properties. Under actual combined loading patterns, any coordinate direction may experience different stress modes; therefore, the mechanical behavior is not the same in the different directions and the asphalt specimen behaves as an anisotropic material. The present study developed an anisotropic nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive relationship that is sensitive to the tension/compression stress mode by extending Schapery’s nonlinear viscoelastic model. The proposed constitutive relationship was implemented in Abaqus using a user material (UMAT) subroutine in an implicit scheme. Uniaxial compression and indirect tension (IDT) testing were used to characterize the viscoelastic properties of the bituminous materials and to calibrate and validate the proposed constitutive relationship. Compressive and tensile creep compliances were calculated using uniaxial compression, as well as IDT test results, for different creep-recovery loading patterns at intermediate temperature. The results showed that both tensile creep compliance and its rate were greater than those of compression. The calculated deflections based on these IDT test simulations were compared with experimental measurements and were deemed acceptable. This suggests that the proposed viscoelastic constitutive relationship correctly demonstrates the viscoelastic response and is more accurate for analysis of asphalt concrete in the laboratory or in situ.     

钢渣粗骨料混凝土单轴受压应力-应变关系试验研究

为探究钢渣粗骨料混凝土稳定性及其应力-应变关系全曲线,该文对包头某钢铁公司的钢渣粗骨料进行了浸水膨胀率试验及压蒸粉化率试验并测其f-CaO含量;完成了6组不同钢渣替代率下的立方体抗压试验及棱柱体单轴受压试验,分析其破坏形态及受力变形特征,建立钢渣粗骨料混凝土本构关系模型。研究表明:该文所选钢渣的f-CaO含量、浸水膨胀率、压蒸粉化率均符合现行规范规定,稳定性良好;钢渣粗骨料混凝土单轴抗压强度随钢渣掺量的增加而提高,并高于普通混凝土抗压强度,破坏呈现的脆性特征也更为显著;钢渣粗骨料混凝土棱柱体抗压强度与立方体抗压强度的比值相较于普通混凝土更高。根据过镇海本构模型及Wee模型,并引入钢渣粗骨料含量的修正系数,对钢渣粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系采用分段式表达。该文提出应力-应变模型与试验结果拟合程度较好,可以更加全面的描述钢渣粗骨料混凝土的单轴受压力学行为。     

高强不锈钢绞线网增强工程水泥基复合材料受拉应力-应变关系

为了研究高强不锈钢绞线网增强工程水泥基复合材料(Engineered cementitious composites,EEC)的受拉性能,考虑高强不锈钢绞线配筋率、ECC抗拉强度、高强不锈钢绞线网增强ECC试件宽度3个影响因素,对设计的27个高强不锈钢绞线网增强ECC试件进行了单轴拉伸试验。试验结果表明,高强不锈钢绞线网增强ECC受拉试件的开裂应力和极限应力随着钢绞线配筋率、ECC抗拉强度的增大而增大;增大试件宽度对试件的开裂应力和极限应力几乎无影响。基于试验结果,提出并建立了高强不锈钢绞线网增强ECC受拉本构模型,推导了开裂应力和极限应力计算公式。经验证,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,说明所建立的受拉本构模型可准确描述高强不锈钢绞线网增强ECC的受拉应力-应变关系。      

Development of engineered cementitious composites with limestone powder and blast furnace slag

Nowadays limestone powder and blast furnace slag (BFS) are widely used in concrete as blended materials in cement. The replacement of Portland cement by limestone powder and BFS can lower the cost and enhance the greenness of concrete, since the production of these two materials needs less energy and causes less CO₂ emission than Portland cement. Moreover, the use of limestone powder and BFS improves the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, such as workability and durability. Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a class of ultra ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites, characterized by high ductility, tight crack width control and relatively low fiber content. The limestone powder and BFS are used to produce ECC in this research. The mix proportion is designed experimentally by adjusting the amount of limestone powder and BFS, accompanied by four-point bending test and uniaxial tensile test. This study results in an ECC mix proportion with the Portland cement content as low as 15% of powder by weight. This mixture, at 28 days, exhibits a high tensile strain capacity of 3.3%, a tight crack width of 57 μm and a moderate compressive strength of 38 MPa. In order to promote a wide use of ECC, it was tried to simplify the mixing of ECC with only two matrix materials, i.e. BFS cement and limestone powder, instead of three matrix materials. By replacing Portland cement and BFS in the aforementioned ECC mixture with BFS cement, the ECC with BFS cement and limestone powder exhibits a tensile strain capacity of 3.1%, a crack width of 76 μm and a compressive strength of 40 MPa after 28 days of curing.